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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 01, 28 - 36, 27.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.23890/IJAST.vm02is01.0104

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aghajani, H., Omurtag, A., 2016, Assessment of Mental Workload by EEG+FNIRS, 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016) At: Orlando, FL. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591549.
  • Ahlstrom, U., Friedman-Berg, J., 2006, Using eye movement activity as a correlate of cognitive workload, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36, 623–636.
  • Arico, P., Borghini, G., Di Flumeri, G., Bonelli, S., Golfetti, A., Graziani, I., Pozzi, S., Imbert, J.P., Granger, G., Benhacene, R., Schaefer, D., Babiloni, F., 2017, “Human Factors and Neurophysiological Metrics in Air Traffic Control: A Critical Review”, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 10, 250-263.
  • Averty, P., Collet, C., Dittmar, A., Athenes, S., Vernet-Maury, E., 2004, Mental Workload in Air Traffic Control: An Index: Constructed from Field Tests, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75, 4, 333-341.
  • Bailey, R.W., 1982, Human Performance Engineering: A Guide for System Designers, Prentice-Hall.
  • Bruder, C., Eißfeldt, H., Maschke, P., Hasse, C., 2013, Differences in Monitoring Between Experts and Novices, Proceedings of The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57th Annual Meeting.
  • Bunce, S.C., Izzetoglu, M., Izzetoglu, K., Onaral, B., Pourrezaei, K., 2006, Functional near- infrared spectroscopy: an emerging neuroimaging modality. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 25, 54–62.
  • CAA, Civil Aviation Authority, 2002, CAP 720: Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). [online] Available at: https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/890.pdf. [Accessed 20 March 2021].
  • Cain, B., 2007, A Review of the Mental Workload Literature, Defence Research and Development, Canada Toronto, Human System Integration, Section 1133, 34 p.
  • Caldwell, J. A., Wilson, G. F., Centiguc, M., Gaillard, A. W. K., Gundel, A., Lagarde, D., Makeig, S., Myhre, G., Wright, N.A., 1994, Psychophysiological Assessment Methods, Agards Advisory Report. Paris: AGARD.
  • Collet,C., Averty,P., Delhomme, G., Dittmar, A., Vernet-Maury, E., 2003, Subjective aspects of mental workload in air-traffic control. G.R.J Hockey et al. (Eds.), Operator Functional State. 291-298.
  • Ćosić, K., Popović, S., Šarlija, M., Mijić, I., Kokot,M., Kesedžić,I., Zhang,Q., 2019, New Tools and Methods in Selection of Air Traffic Controllers Based on Multimodal Psychophysiological Measurements, IEEE Access, 7, 174873-174888.
  • Cosic, K., Sarlija, M., Ivkovic, V., Zhang, Q., Strangman, G., Popovic, S., 2019, Stress Resilience Assessment Based on Physiological Features in Selection of Air Traffic Controllers, IEEE Access, 7, 41989-42005.
  • Damos, D. L. (Ed.)., 1991, Multiple-task performance. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis.
  • Di Stasi, L,, Renner, R., Staehr, P., Helmert, J., Velichkovsky, B., Canas, J., Catena, A., Pannasch, S., 2010, Saccadic Peak Velocity Sensitivity to Variations in Mental Workload, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81,4, 413-417.
  • Edwards, E., 1995, Aviation ergonomics: whence and whither?. Ergonomics, 38, 3, 565-569.
  • Eggemeier, F. T., Wilson, G. F., Kramer, A. F., and Damos, D. L., 1991, Workload assessment in multi-task environments. In D.L. Damos (Ed.), Multiple-task Performance (pp. 207-216). Washington, D. C.: Taylor & Francis.
  • Eggemeier, F.T. & Wilson, G.F., 1991, Performance-based and subjective assessment of workload in multi-task environments. In D.L. Damos (Ed.), Multiple-task performance. (pp. 217-278). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Farmer, E., Brownson, A., Qinetiq, 2003, Review of Workload Measurement, Analysis and Interpretation Methods, European Organisation For the Safety of Air Navigation, Care-Integra-Trs-130-02-Wp2.
  • Fığlalı, N., 1998, Zihinsel Ağırlıklı İşler İçin Bilişsel İş Analizi Yöntemi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 168 s.
  • Galy, E., Paxion, J., Berthelon, C., 2018, Measuring mental workload with the NASA-TLX needs to examine each dimension rather than relying on the global score: An example with driving. Ergonomics. 61,4, 517-27. [DOI:10.1080/00140139.2017.1369583] [PMID])
  • Goode J.H., 2003, Are pilots at risk of accidents due to fatigue? J Safety Res. 34: 309-313. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(03)00033-1).
  • Gopher, D., Donchin, E., 1986, Workload -An Examination of The Concept. In K.R. Boff, L. Kaufman & J.P. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Volume II, Cognitive Processes and Performance. (p. 41/1-41/49). New York: Wiley.
  • Graeber, C., 2021, Human Factors, [online] Available at: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_08/human_textonly.html [Accessed 20 March 2021].
  • Hart, S. G., 2006, Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 50, 9, 904-908. DOI: 10.1177/154193120605000909.)
  • Itoh, Y., Hayashi, Y., Tskui, I., Saito, S., 1989, Heart rate variability and subjective mental workload in flight task validity of mental workload measurement using HRV method. Work with Computers: Organizational, Management, Stress and Health Aspects. Editörler: Smith, M.J., Salvendy, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Izzetoglu, K., Bunce, S., Onaral, B., Pourrezaei, K., Chance, B., 2004, Functional Optical Brain Imaging Using Near-Infrared During Cognitive Tasks. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 17(2), 211–227.
  • Izzetoglu, K., Richards, D., 2019, Human Performance Assessment: Evaluation of Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Brain Activity. In M. Vidulich & P. Tsang (Eds.), Improving Aviation Performance through Applying Engineering Psychology: Advances in Aviation Psychology (1st ed., pp. 163–180). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Izzetoglu, M., Izzetoglu, K., Bunce, S., Ayaz, H., Devaraj, A., & Onaral, B., 2005, Functional Near-Infrared Neuroimaging. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems And Rehabilitation Engineering 13(2), 153–159
  • Kesedžić, I., Božek, J. Radoš, M., Popović, S., Ćosić, K., 2020, Air Traffic Control Competencies Measurements based on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), 243-248.
  • Marchitto, M., Benedetto, S., Baccino, T., Canas, J., 2016, Air traffic control: Ocular metrics reflect cognitive complexity, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 54 (2016) 120e130.
  • Megaw, T., 2005, The definition and measurement of mental workload, 18-525 p, In Wilson J., Megaw T. and Corlett N. (Ed.), Evaluation of Human Work, Taylor & Francis, 1048 p.
  • Moray, N., 2005, Ergonomics: Major writings, Vols. 1-4. London: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
  • O’Donnell, R.D., Eggemeier, F.T., 1986, Workload Assessment Methodology, In K.R. Boff, L. Kaufman & J.P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, Volume II, Cognitive Processes and Performance, (Pp 42/1–42/49). New York: Wiley.
  • Öztürk, M., 2006, Zihinsel İsyükünün Ölçülmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kazaların Çevresel ve Teknik Arastırması A.B.D.
  • Palma Fraga, R. , Kang, Z., and Mandal, S., 2018, Characterisation of air traffic controllers’ visual search patterns and control strategies. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Society for Engineers and Researchers (pp.1-5), Jun. 18-19, Seoul, S. Korea.
  • Palma Fraga, R., 2020, Multimodal Neuroergonomic Approaches to Human Behavior and Cognitive Workload in Complex High-Risk Semantically Rich Environments: A Case Study of Local & En-Route Air Traffic Controllers, M.S. Thesis Approved For The School Of Industrial & Systems Engineering. Norman, Oklahoma.
  • Palma Fraga, R., Reddy, Y. P., Kang, Z., Izzetoglu, K., 2020, Multimodal analysis using neuroimaging and eye movements to assess cognitive workload. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Jul. 19-24, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Parasuraman, R., 2003, Neuroergonomics: research and practice. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 4, 5–20.
  • Parasuraman, R., 2011, Neuroergonomics: brain, cognition, and performance at work. Current Directions in Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0963721411409176.
  • Parasuraman, R. and Wilson, G., 2008, Putting the brain to work: neuroergonomics past, present, and future. Human Factors 50, 468.
  • Parasuraman, R., and Rizzo, M., 2007, Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work, 1 Edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Rubio,S. Díaz, E. Martín, J. Puente, M., 2004, Evaluation of Subjective Mental Workload: A Comparison Of Swat, Nasa-Tlx, And Workload Profile Methods, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53,1, 61–86.
  • Safari, S., Akbari, J., Kazemi, M., AminMououdi M., Mahaki B., 2013, personnel’s health surveillance at work: Effect of age, Body Mass Index, and shift work on mental workload and work ability index. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Environmental and Public Health.:289498. [DOI:10.1155/2013/289498] [PMID] [PMCID]).
  • Sanders, M., McCormick, E.J., 1993, Human Factors in Engineering and Design, McGraw Hill Int. Editions, 790 p.
  • Speyer, J. J., Fort, A., Fouillot, J., Blomberg, R. D., 1988, Dynamic Methods for Assessing Workload for Minimum Crew Certification. Workload in Transport Operations. Editörler: Roscoe, A. H., Muir, H. C. Cologne: DFVLR.
  • Strang, J., Best, C., Funke, J., 2014, Heart Rate Correlates of Mental Workload in a Large-Scale Air-Combat Simulation Training Exercise, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58th Annual Meeting.
  • Westgaard, R.H., Winkel, J., 1997, Ergonomic intervention research for improved musculoskeletal health: a critical review. Int J Ind Ergon. 20,6, 463-500.
  • Wientjes, C. J. E., 1992, Respiration in Psychophysiology: Methods and Applications, Biological Psychology, 34,2-3, 179–203.
  • Wilson, G. F., Eggemeier, F. T., 1991, Psychophysiological Assessment of Workload in Multi-Task Environments”. Multiple-task performance. Editor: Damos, D. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Wilson, G.F., Eggemeier, F.T., 2006, Mental Workload Measurement, In W. Karwowski (Ed.), International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors: Volume 1 (p. 814-817), London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Yazgan, E. and Erol, D., 2013, Mental Workload measurement methods and research studies on the mental workload of pilots, 16th National Ergonomics Congress.

Overview of Studies on the Cognitive Workload of the Air Traffic Controller

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 01, 28 - 36, 27.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.23890/IJAST.vm02is01.0104

Öz

Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) will be the branch that will have the most impact on the air transport system. The duty of ATCOs is to prevent the collision of airplanes in the air provided by the controllers on the ground and overcome the possible confusion. Being exposed to a very high cognitive workload of ATCOs, one of the high-risk occupational groups, is important in terms of flight safety. However, it has been observed that studies on the differences in cognitive workload that may occur between experienced and inexperienced ATCO under different task difficulties are quite insufficient in the literature. This study presents research studies on cognitive workload measurement methods and ATCO’s cognitive workload. In this study, the importance of determining the cognitive workload and its measurement methods is explained. In addition, literature studies related to the cognitive workload of ATCOs, particularly by using eye tracker, are presented.

Kaynakça

  • Aghajani, H., Omurtag, A., 2016, Assessment of Mental Workload by EEG+FNIRS, 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2016) At: Orlando, FL. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591549.
  • Ahlstrom, U., Friedman-Berg, J., 2006, Using eye movement activity as a correlate of cognitive workload, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 36, 623–636.
  • Arico, P., Borghini, G., Di Flumeri, G., Bonelli, S., Golfetti, A., Graziani, I., Pozzi, S., Imbert, J.P., Granger, G., Benhacene, R., Schaefer, D., Babiloni, F., 2017, “Human Factors and Neurophysiological Metrics in Air Traffic Control: A Critical Review”, IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 10, 250-263.
  • Averty, P., Collet, C., Dittmar, A., Athenes, S., Vernet-Maury, E., 2004, Mental Workload in Air Traffic Control: An Index: Constructed from Field Tests, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75, 4, 333-341.
  • Bailey, R.W., 1982, Human Performance Engineering: A Guide for System Designers, Prentice-Hall.
  • Bruder, C., Eißfeldt, H., Maschke, P., Hasse, C., 2013, Differences in Monitoring Between Experts and Novices, Proceedings of The Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 57th Annual Meeting.
  • Bunce, S.C., Izzetoglu, M., Izzetoglu, K., Onaral, B., Pourrezaei, K., 2006, Functional near- infrared spectroscopy: an emerging neuroimaging modality. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 25, 54–62.
  • CAA, Civil Aviation Authority, 2002, CAP 720: Flight Crew Training: Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) and Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). [online] Available at: https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/890.pdf. [Accessed 20 March 2021].
  • Cain, B., 2007, A Review of the Mental Workload Literature, Defence Research and Development, Canada Toronto, Human System Integration, Section 1133, 34 p.
  • Caldwell, J. A., Wilson, G. F., Centiguc, M., Gaillard, A. W. K., Gundel, A., Lagarde, D., Makeig, S., Myhre, G., Wright, N.A., 1994, Psychophysiological Assessment Methods, Agards Advisory Report. Paris: AGARD.
  • Collet,C., Averty,P., Delhomme, G., Dittmar, A., Vernet-Maury, E., 2003, Subjective aspects of mental workload in air-traffic control. G.R.J Hockey et al. (Eds.), Operator Functional State. 291-298.
  • Ćosić, K., Popović, S., Šarlija, M., Mijić, I., Kokot,M., Kesedžić,I., Zhang,Q., 2019, New Tools and Methods in Selection of Air Traffic Controllers Based on Multimodal Psychophysiological Measurements, IEEE Access, 7, 174873-174888.
  • Cosic, K., Sarlija, M., Ivkovic, V., Zhang, Q., Strangman, G., Popovic, S., 2019, Stress Resilience Assessment Based on Physiological Features in Selection of Air Traffic Controllers, IEEE Access, 7, 41989-42005.
  • Damos, D. L. (Ed.)., 1991, Multiple-task performance. Washington, D.C.: Taylor & Francis.
  • Di Stasi, L,, Renner, R., Staehr, P., Helmert, J., Velichkovsky, B., Canas, J., Catena, A., Pannasch, S., 2010, Saccadic Peak Velocity Sensitivity to Variations in Mental Workload, Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81,4, 413-417.
  • Edwards, E., 1995, Aviation ergonomics: whence and whither?. Ergonomics, 38, 3, 565-569.
  • Eggemeier, F. T., Wilson, G. F., Kramer, A. F., and Damos, D. L., 1991, Workload assessment in multi-task environments. In D.L. Damos (Ed.), Multiple-task Performance (pp. 207-216). Washington, D. C.: Taylor & Francis.
  • Eggemeier, F.T. & Wilson, G.F., 1991, Performance-based and subjective assessment of workload in multi-task environments. In D.L. Damos (Ed.), Multiple-task performance. (pp. 217-278). London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Farmer, E., Brownson, A., Qinetiq, 2003, Review of Workload Measurement, Analysis and Interpretation Methods, European Organisation For the Safety of Air Navigation, Care-Integra-Trs-130-02-Wp2.
  • Fığlalı, N., 1998, Zihinsel Ağırlıklı İşler İçin Bilişsel İş Analizi Yöntemi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 168 s.
  • Galy, E., Paxion, J., Berthelon, C., 2018, Measuring mental workload with the NASA-TLX needs to examine each dimension rather than relying on the global score: An example with driving. Ergonomics. 61,4, 517-27. [DOI:10.1080/00140139.2017.1369583] [PMID])
  • Goode J.H., 2003, Are pilots at risk of accidents due to fatigue? J Safety Res. 34: 309-313. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4375(03)00033-1).
  • Gopher, D., Donchin, E., 1986, Workload -An Examination of The Concept. In K.R. Boff, L. Kaufman & J.P. Thomas (Ed.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance. Volume II, Cognitive Processes and Performance. (p. 41/1-41/49). New York: Wiley.
  • Graeber, C., 2021, Human Factors, [online] Available at: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/aero_08/human_textonly.html [Accessed 20 March 2021].
  • Hart, S. G., 2006, Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, 50, 9, 904-908. DOI: 10.1177/154193120605000909.)
  • Itoh, Y., Hayashi, Y., Tskui, I., Saito, S., 1989, Heart rate variability and subjective mental workload in flight task validity of mental workload measurement using HRV method. Work with Computers: Organizational, Management, Stress and Health Aspects. Editörler: Smith, M.J., Salvendy, G. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Izzetoglu, K., Bunce, S., Onaral, B., Pourrezaei, K., Chance, B., 2004, Functional Optical Brain Imaging Using Near-Infrared During Cognitive Tasks. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 17(2), 211–227.
  • Izzetoglu, K., Richards, D., 2019, Human Performance Assessment: Evaluation of Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Brain Activity. In M. Vidulich & P. Tsang (Eds.), Improving Aviation Performance through Applying Engineering Psychology: Advances in Aviation Psychology (1st ed., pp. 163–180). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Izzetoglu, M., Izzetoglu, K., Bunce, S., Ayaz, H., Devaraj, A., & Onaral, B., 2005, Functional Near-Infrared Neuroimaging. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems And Rehabilitation Engineering 13(2), 153–159
  • Kesedžić, I., Božek, J. Radoš, M., Popović, S., Ćosić, K., 2020, Air Traffic Control Competencies Measurements based on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), 243-248.
  • Marchitto, M., Benedetto, S., Baccino, T., Canas, J., 2016, Air traffic control: Ocular metrics reflect cognitive complexity, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 54 (2016) 120e130.
  • Megaw, T., 2005, The definition and measurement of mental workload, 18-525 p, In Wilson J., Megaw T. and Corlett N. (Ed.), Evaluation of Human Work, Taylor & Francis, 1048 p.
  • Moray, N., 2005, Ergonomics: Major writings, Vols. 1-4. London: Taylor & Francis/Routledge.
  • O’Donnell, R.D., Eggemeier, F.T., 1986, Workload Assessment Methodology, In K.R. Boff, L. Kaufman & J.P. Thomas (Eds.), Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, Volume II, Cognitive Processes and Performance, (Pp 42/1–42/49). New York: Wiley.
  • Öztürk, M., 2006, Zihinsel İsyükünün Ölçülmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kazaların Çevresel ve Teknik Arastırması A.B.D.
  • Palma Fraga, R. , Kang, Z., and Mandal, S., 2018, Characterisation of air traffic controllers’ visual search patterns and control strategies. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Society for Engineers and Researchers (pp.1-5), Jun. 18-19, Seoul, S. Korea.
  • Palma Fraga, R., 2020, Multimodal Neuroergonomic Approaches to Human Behavior and Cognitive Workload in Complex High-Risk Semantically Rich Environments: A Case Study of Local & En-Route Air Traffic Controllers, M.S. Thesis Approved For The School Of Industrial & Systems Engineering. Norman, Oklahoma.
  • Palma Fraga, R., Reddy, Y. P., Kang, Z., Izzetoglu, K., 2020, Multimodal analysis using neuroimaging and eye movements to assess cognitive workload. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Jul. 19-24, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Parasuraman, R., 2003, Neuroergonomics: research and practice. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 4, 5–20.
  • Parasuraman, R., 2011, Neuroergonomics: brain, cognition, and performance at work. Current Directions in Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/0963721411409176.
  • Parasuraman, R. and Wilson, G., 2008, Putting the brain to work: neuroergonomics past, present, and future. Human Factors 50, 468.
  • Parasuraman, R., and Rizzo, M., 2007, Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work, 1 Edn. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Rubio,S. Díaz, E. Martín, J. Puente, M., 2004, Evaluation of Subjective Mental Workload: A Comparison Of Swat, Nasa-Tlx, And Workload Profile Methods, Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53,1, 61–86.
  • Safari, S., Akbari, J., Kazemi, M., AminMououdi M., Mahaki B., 2013, personnel’s health surveillance at work: Effect of age, Body Mass Index, and shift work on mental workload and work ability index. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Environmental and Public Health.:289498. [DOI:10.1155/2013/289498] [PMID] [PMCID]).
  • Sanders, M., McCormick, E.J., 1993, Human Factors in Engineering and Design, McGraw Hill Int. Editions, 790 p.
  • Speyer, J. J., Fort, A., Fouillot, J., Blomberg, R. D., 1988, Dynamic Methods for Assessing Workload for Minimum Crew Certification. Workload in Transport Operations. Editörler: Roscoe, A. H., Muir, H. C. Cologne: DFVLR.
  • Strang, J., Best, C., Funke, J., 2014, Heart Rate Correlates of Mental Workload in a Large-Scale Air-Combat Simulation Training Exercise, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 58th Annual Meeting.
  • Westgaard, R.H., Winkel, J., 1997, Ergonomic intervention research for improved musculoskeletal health: a critical review. Int J Ind Ergon. 20,6, 463-500.
  • Wientjes, C. J. E., 1992, Respiration in Psychophysiology: Methods and Applications, Biological Psychology, 34,2-3, 179–203.
  • Wilson, G. F., Eggemeier, F. T., 1991, Psychophysiological Assessment of Workload in Multi-Task Environments”. Multiple-task performance. Editor: Damos, D. London: Taylor and Francis.
  • Wilson, G.F., Eggemeier, F.T., 2006, Mental Workload Measurement, In W. Karwowski (Ed.), International encyclopedia of ergonomics and human factors: Volume 1 (p. 814-817), London: Taylor & Francis.
  • Yazgan, E. and Erol, D., 2013, Mental Workload measurement methods and research studies on the mental workload of pilots, 16th National Ergonomics Congress.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Uzay Mühendisliği
Bölüm Review
Yazarlar

Ebru Yazgan 0000-0002-6545-8536

Erdi Sert Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5553-4235

Deniz Şimşek 0000-0001-5452-6006

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 02 Sayı: 01

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazgan, E., Sert, E., & Şimşek, D. (2021). Overview of Studies on the Cognitive Workload of the Air Traffic Controller. International Journal of Aviation Science and Technology, 02(01), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.23890/IJAST.vm02is01.0104

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