Experimental Research With Diethyl Ether on Engine Performance and Emissions in a Spark Ignition Engine

Abstract

In this study, the influences of the diethyl ether addition into pure gasoline were re-searched experimentally in a single cylinder, four stroke, air-cooled spark ignition engine. Experiments were conducted at wide-open throttle and different engine speeds of 2400, 2800, 3200, 3600 and 4000 rpm. The effects of diethyl ether as an additive on engine torque, specific fuel consumption (SFC), thermal efficiency, CO, CO2 and HC emissions were observed. Test results presented that engine torque and power first increased and then decreased with the addition of diethyl ether. SFC increased by about 4.18%, 7.44%, 11.39% and 14.41% with DEE10, DEE20, DEE30 and DEE40 compared to pure gasoline at 2800 rpm respectively. Remarkable reduction were observed on CO and HC emissions with the addition of diethyl ether into gasoline. CO was reduced by 0.67%, 3.39%, 10.61% and 11.11% with DEE10, DEE20, DEE30 and DEE40 compared to gasoline at 4000 rpm respectively. Similarly, HC decreased by 3.70%, 8.82% and 10.58% with DEE20, DEE30 and DEE40 compared to gasoline at 4000 rpm respectively. It was seen that diethyl ether can be used as an additive without modification in spark ignition engines

Keywords

• Engine performance
• Emission
• Diethyl ether
• Spark ignition engine

References

1. [1] Sezer İ. Dietil Eter-Motorin Karışımlarının Motor Performansına Etkilerinin Deneysel İncelenmesi. Journal of the Faculty of En-gineering and Architecture of Gazi University. 2012; 27(1):117-124.
2. [2] Ashok, M.P. ve Saravanan, C.G. Performance and Emission of the Emulsified Fuel in a DI Diesel Engine Using Oxygenated Additive Diethyl Ether with Surfactant of Span−80, Energy & Fuels. 2007; 21(4): 1878-1882.
3. [3] Iranmanesh, M., Subrahmanyam, J.P. ve Babu, M.K.G. Poten-tial of Diethyl Ether as Supplementary Fuel to Improve Com-bustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines. SAE Paper 2008−28-0044, 2008; 305-312.
4. [4] Anand R. ve Mahalakshmi N.V. Simultaneous Reduction of NOx and Smoke from a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Diethyl Ether. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Au-tomobile Engineering. 2007; 221(1):109-116.
5. [5] Zhang N., Di Y., Huang, Z. ve Zhang, Z. Flame Instability Analysis of Diethyl Ether−Air Premixed Mixtures at Elevated Pressures. Engineering Thermophysics. 2010; 55(3): 314−320.
6. [6] Heywood, J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGrawHill Publishing Company; New York, 1988.
7. [7] Sezer İ. Dizel Yakıtına Etanol ve Dietil Eter Katılmasının Motor Performansı ve Emisyonlara Etkilerinin Deneysel İncelenmesi. J. of Thermal Science and Technology. 2017; 37(1): 61-68.
8. [8] Agarwal A.K. Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science. 2007; 33, 233-271.

9. [9] Murcak A., Hasimoglu C., Cevik I. and Kahraman H. Effect of injection timing to performance of a diesel engine fuelled with different diesel–ethanol mixtures. Fuel. 2015; 153, 569-577.
10. [10] Agarwal A.K., Shrivastava A. and Prasad R.K. Evalua-tion of toxic potential of particulates emitted from Jatropha bi-odiesel fuelled engine. Renewable Energy. 2016; 99, 564-572.
11. [11] Polat S, Calam A, Ardebili S.M.S, ¸Sahin F, Boroiu A.A., Solmaz H. Operating Range, Performance and Emissions of an HCCI Engine Fueled with Fusel Oil/Diethyl Ether: An Experi-mental Study. Sustainability. 2022; 14, 15666.
12. [12] Sudheesh K. Mallikarjuna, J.M. Diethyl ether as an igni-tion improver for biogas homogeneous charge compression ig-nition (HCCI) operation-An experimental investigation. Energy. 2010; 35: 3614-3622.
13. [13] Cinar, C., Can Ö., Sahin F., Yucesu, H.S. Effects of premixed diethyl ether (DEE) on combustion and exhaust emis-sions in a HCCI-DI diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2010; 30: 360–365.
14. [14] Balaji D., Maridurai T., Varmaa S.N.M., Combustion Analysis of Diethyl Ether Blends in Gasoline Engine Operated with Ethanol. International Conference on Electrical, Mechani-cal and Industrial Engineering (ICEMIE 2016). Atlantis Press. 2016; 237-240.
15. [15] Kumar D.S., Srihari S., Thirumalini S., Effect of inlet air temperature on SI engine fueled with diethyl ether-gasoline blends. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2018; 12(4):4044-4055.
16. [16] Tilaki R.A.D., Chabok H., Sadeghnezhad R., Perfor-mance characteristics of single-cylinder spark-ignition engine and its pollutant emissions by using methanol and ethanol fuel blended with gasoline. Int J BioMed Public Health. 2018; 1(2):108-113.
17. [17] Ibrahim A., Investigating the effect of using diethyl ether as a fuel additive on diesel engine performance and combus-tion. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2016;107:853-862.
18. [18] Polat S., An experimental study on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions in a HCCI engine fuelled with diethyl ether–ethanol fuel blends. Fuel Processing Tech-nology. 2016;143:140-150.
19. [19] Kumar D.S., Murugesan S., Experimental Investigation on Impact of Diethyl Ether Additives with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Biodiesel Blends on Performance Characteristics of En-gine Operating at Optimum Conditions. Emission Control Sci-ence and Technology. 2023; 9:66-75.
20. [20] Yılmaz E., Solmaz H., Dietileter ve Etanol Karışımlarının Homojen Dolgulu Sıkıştırma ile Ateşlemeli Bir Motorda Yanma Karakteristiklerine Etkisi. International Conference on Tech-nology and Science Technoscience 2018 Antalya. 2018; 287-295.
21. [21] Ayhan V., Tunca S., Dietil Eter-Dizel Karışımlarının Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Bir Dizel Motorunun Performans ve Emisyonlarına Etkisi. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri En-stitüsü Dergisi. 2018; 22(2):710-718.
22. [22] Gorski K., Smigins R., Longwic R., Research on Physi-co-Chemical Properties of Diethyl Ether/Linseed Oil Blends for the Use as Fuel in Diesel Engines. Energies. 2020;13:6564.
23. [23] Fabis P., Assessing the Suitability of DME for Powering SI Engines by Analyzing In-Cylinder Pressure Change. Sensors. 2022; 22: 4505.
24. [24] Jena, A., Sonawane, U., Agarwal, A. K., Partially pre-mixed combustion of diesel-di-ethyl ether blends in light-duty commercial engine. Fuel. 2023; 345, 128197.
25. [25] Mohebbi, M., Reyhanian, M., Hosseini, V., Said, M. F. M., Aziz, A. A., The effect of diethyl ether addition on perfor-mance and emission of a reactivity controlled compression ig-nition engine fueled with ethanol and diesel. Energy Conver-sion and Management. 2018; 174, 779-792.
26. [26] Mack, J.H., Flowers, D.L., Buchholz, B.A., Dibble, R.W., Investigation of HCCI Combustion of Diethyl Ether and Etha-nol Mixtures Using Carbon 14 Tracing and Numerical Simula-tions. 30th International Symposium on Combustion 2004 Chi-cago, Illinois. 2004; 1-15.
27. [27] Zapata-Mina, J., Ardebili, S. M. S., Restrepo, A., Solmaz, H., Calam, A., Can, Ö., Exergy analysis in a HCCI engine oper-ated with diethyl ether-fusel oil blends. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2022; 32, 101899.
28. [28] Gurusamy, M., Subramanian, B., Study of PCCI engine operating on pine oil diesel blend (P50) with benzyl alcohol and diethyl ether. Fuel. 2023; 335, 127121.
29. [29] Shere, A., Subramanian, K. A., Experimental investiga-tion on effects of equivalence ratio on combustion with knock, performance, and emission characteristics of dimethyl ether fueled CRDI compression ignition engine under homogeneous charge compression ignition mode. Fuel. 2022; 322, 124048.
30. [30] Ardebili, S. M. S., Solmaz, H., Calam, A., İpci, D., Mod-eling of performance, emission, and combustion of an HCCI engine fueled with fusel oil-diethylether fuel blends as a re-newable fuel. Fuel. 2021; 290, 120017.
31. [31] Shere, A., Subramanian, K. A., Experimental investiga-tion on effects of fuel injection timings on Dimethyl Ether (DME) energy share improvement and emission reduction in a dual-fuel CRDI compression ignition engine. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(2), 98-112.
32. [32] Sinha, S., Shere, A., Subramanian, K. A., Experimental investigations on enhancement of DME energy shares in com-pression-ignition engine under dual fuel mode using reduced compression ratio. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology. 2022; 6(1), 83-97.
33. [33] Uslu S., Çelik M.B., Dietil Eter Kullanılan Tek Silindirli Bir Dizel Motorda Motor Performansı ve Emisyonlarının Yapay Sinir Ağları İle Tahmini.14th International Combustion Sysm-posium (INCOS2018).2018; 273-279.
34. [34] Barik D., Murugan, S., Effects of diethyl ether (DEE) injection on combustion performance and emission characteris-tics of Karanja methyl ester (KME)- biogas fueled dual fuel diesel engine. Fuel. 2016;164:286–296.
35. [35] Balaji D, Govindarajan P, Venkatesan J. Emission and combustion characteristics of SI engine working under gasoline blended with ethanol oxygenated organic compounds. Ameri-can Journal of Environmental Sciences. 2010;6:495-499.
36. [36] Karabektas M, Ergen G, Hosoz M. The effects of using diethyl ether as additive on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with CNG. Fuel. 2014;115: 855-860.
37. [37]Jaat N, Khalid A, Andsaler AR, Sapit A, Razali A, Basharie M. Effects of ambient temperature and injection pressure on bio-diesel ignition delay. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences. 2017;11(2):2723-2733.
38. [38]Mofat, R.J.: Using uncertainty analysis in the planning of an experiment. J Fluids Eng.1985; 107(2), 173-178.
39. [39]Holman, J.P., Experimental Methods for Engineers, McGraw Hill eight edition, Newyork, 2001.