Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications

Ercan Şimşir; İbrahim Yavuz; Emre Serbest

doi:10.30939/ijastech..1883484

Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications

Abstract

In this study, the mechanical behavior of hybrid composite layers produced using luffa fiber as a natural fiber and carbon fiber fabric as a synthetic reinforcement was investigated. Hybrid composites were produced by hand lay-up method in (45º-90º-L-L-90º-45º), (0/90º-90 -L-L-90º- 0/90º) and (0/90º-45º- L-L-45º-0/90º) configurations with different layer combinations and fiber orientation angles, and cured under hot press. Low-speed impact tests (10 J and 20 J), three-point bending tests, and tensile tests were performed on the produced specimens. In impact tests, the (0/90º–45º–L–L–45º–0/90º) specimen reached the highest maximum force 7200 N at 20 J and limited deformation, about 20% higher energy absorption than the (45º–90º–L–L–90º–45º) specimen. The (0/90º–90º–L–L–90º–0/90º) specimen showed intermediate behavior, while the (45º–90º–L–L–90º–45º) specimen exhibited greater deformation. Three-point bending tests showed the (0/90º–45º–L–L–45º–0/90º) specimen had the highest load 280 N, 12% higher than (45º–90º–L–L–90º–45º) specimen, and tensile tests indicated the same specimen achieved the highest strength 340 MPa, 15% higher than (45º–90º–L–L–90º–45º) specimen. The results indicate that the carbon fiber orientation angle and layer combination have a decisive effect on the impact, bending, and tensile behavior of hybrid composites. Accordingly, it is concluded that by optimizing the layer arrangement according to the intended use, suitable material design can be achieved for applications requiring high strength or high energy absorption capacity, and the hybrid composite structures examined in this study can be considered as alternative materials for applications such as bumpers, grilles, headlight frames, and trim parts in the automotive industry.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This research was supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAPK) under Project No. 24.FEN.BİL.07.

Project Number

24.FEN.BİL.07

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Thanks

This study was derived from a master’s thesis and was financially supported by the Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (BAPK) under Project No. 24.FEN.BİL.07.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Material Production Technologies, Mechanical Vibrations and Noise, Automotive Engineering Materials

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ercan Şimşir ^*
0000-0001-6655-2324
Türkiye

İbrahim Yavuz
0000-0002-4480-2342
Türkiye

Emre Serbest
0000-0002-7938-8890
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1883484

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46NF89LT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Şimşir, E., Yavuz, İ., & Serbest, E. (2026). Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 10(1), 230-240. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech..1883484

AMA

1.Şimşir E, Yavuz İ, Serbest E. Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications. IJASTECH. 2026;10(1):230-240. doi:10.30939/ijastech.1883484

Chicago

Şimşir, Ercan, İbrahim Yavuz, and Emre Serbest. 2026. “Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 (1): 230-40. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1883484.

EndNote

Şimşir E, Yavuz İ, Serbest E (March 1, 2026) Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10 1 230–240.

IEEE

[1]E. Şimşir, İ. Yavuz, and E. Serbest, “Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications”, IJASTECH, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 230–240, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.30939/ijastech..1883484.

ISNAD

Şimşir, Ercan - Yavuz, İbrahim - Serbest, Emre. “Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 230-240. https://doi.org/10.30939/ijastech. 1883484.

JAMA

1.Şimşir E, Yavuz İ, Serbest E. Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications. IJASTECH. 2026;10:230–240.

MLA

Şimşir, Ercan, et al. “Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications”. International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 230-4, doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1883484.

Vancouver

1.Ercan Şimşir, İbrahim Yavuz, Emre Serbest. Characterization of Mechanical Performance of Natural–Synthetic Fiber Layered Hybrid Composites for Automotive Interior Trim and Structural Applications. IJASTECH. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):230-4. doi:10.30939/ijastech. 1883484