The Relationship between Authentic Leadership and Work Engagement

Yıl 2020, , 351 - 363, 30.12.2020

Ramazan Başaran , Erkan Kıral

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.767560

Öz

The purpose of this research to examine the relationship between the authentic leadership behaviors of the school administrator and the work engagement of the teachers, according to the perceptions of the teachers of secondary school. The research was designed in the relational survey model and carried out with 300 teachers. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used in the research. As a result of the research, it was found that teachers’ general perceptions of authentic leadership of school administrators was relatively high and the highest level on balanced processing. Teachers’ general perceptions work engagement was relatively high and the highest level on dedication. Positive, medium and low-level relationships were found between authentic leadership and work engagement. According to teachers, the authentic leadership of school administrators significantly predicted teachers’ perceptions of work engagement. Based on these findings it has been proposed to various suggestions have been put forward such as protect and increase the authentic leadership behaviors of school administrators and teachers’ work engagement levels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Authentic, Leadership, Engagement, Administrator, Teacher

Proje Numarası

EĞF-18012

Kaynakça

• Adekola, B. (2010). Work engagement among secondary school english teachers in Nigeria, Pakistan Journal of Socila Sciences, 7(2), 51-55.
• Adil, A., and Kamal, A. (2016). Impact of psychological capital and authentic leadership on work engagement and job related affective well-being, Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 31(1), 1–21.
• Akıncı, H. (2016). The relati̇onshi̇p between characterictics of being authenti̇c leader and emotionel intelligence among women di̇rectors who work in primary and secondary schools, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Arifin, F., Troena, E., and Djumahir, M. (2014). Organizational culture, transformational leadership, work engagement and teacher’s performance: Test of a model, International Journal of Education and Research, 2(1), 1–14.
• Atçıoğlu, E. (2018). The relationship between the effectiveness level of schools and the engagement level of employees, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
• Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., and May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors, Leadership Quarterly, 15, 801–823.
• Aydın NED. (2018). Secondary Schools Classroom - Student - Teacher statistics, Accessed April 6, 2018 from https://aydin.meb.gov.tr/www/istatistikler/icerik/181.
• Balcı, A. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma; yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler, [Research in Social Sciences; methods, techniques and principles], Pegem Akademi: Ankara, Turkey.
• Bamford, M., Wong, C. A., and Laschinger, H. (2013). The influence of authentic leadership and areas of worklife on work engagement of registered nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(3), 529-540.
• Barker, A. B., and Geurts, S. A. E. (2004). Toward a dual-process model of work-home interference, Work and Occupations, 31(3), 345–366.
• Can, A. (2016). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi, [Quantitative data analysis in the scientific research process with SPSS], Pegem Akademi: Ankara, Turkey. Caza, A., Bagozzi, R. P., Woolley, L., Levy, L., and Caza, B. B. (2010). Psychological capital and authentic leadership: Measurement, gender, and cultural extension, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 2(1), 53–70.
• Clapp-Smith, R., Vogelgesang, G. R., and Avey, J. B. (2009). Authentic leadership and positive psychological capital: The mediating role of trust at the group level of analysis, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15(3), 227–240.
• Çelik, M. (2015). According to the teacher perceptions authentic leadership behaviors of primary school principals (The sample of Gaziantep Şehitkamil district), (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Emeksiz, E. (2015). Multidimensional organizational identification as the predictor of the job satisfaction: The mediating role of the work engagement, (Unpublished Master Thesis), Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Feng-I, F. (2016). School principals’ authentic leadership and teachers’ psychological capital: Teachers’ perspectives, International Education Studies, 9(10), 245-263.
• Fox, J., Gong, T., and Attoh, P. (2015). The impact of principal as authentic leader on teacher trust in the K-12 educational context, Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(4), 6–18.
• Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., and Walumbwa, F. (2005). “Can you see the real me?” A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development, Leadership Quarterly, 16(3), 343–372.
• George, B. (2003). Authentic leadership: rediscovering the secrets to creating lasting value, Jossey-Bass: San Francisco.
• Giallonardo, L. M., Wong, C. A., and Iwasiw, C. L. (2010). Authentic leadership of preceptors: predictor of new graduate nurses' work engagement and job satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Management, 18(8), 993-1003.
• Gök, B. K. (2015). Analysis of the relationship between the elemantary school administrators' authentic leadership features, life satisfaction and perceived social support from the family, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., and Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers, Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495–513.
• Hassan, A., and Ahmed, F. (2011). Authentic leadership, trust and work engagement, World Academy of Science Engineering Technology, 80, 750–756.
• Høigaard, R., Giske, R., and Sundsli, K. (2012). Newly qualified teachers’ work engagement and teacher efficacy influences on job satisfaction, burnout, and the intention to quit, European Journal of Teacher Education, 35(3), 347–357.
• Ilies, R., Morgeson, F. P., and Nahrgang, J. D. (2005). Authentic leadership and eudaemonic well-being: Understanding leader-follower outcomes, Leadership Quarterly, 16, 373–394.
• Kabar, M. (2017). Correlations between work engagement levels and emotional intelligence levels of high school teachers, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work, Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
• Karakaya, H. (2015). The analysis of the relationship between work engagement and school climate in terms of some variables, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, [Scientific research method], Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara, Turkey.
• Kavgacı, H. (2014). The relationship of primary education institution teachers' work engagement with personal and organizational variables, (Unpublished doctoral dissertation),Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Kernis, M. H. (2003). Toward a conceptualization of optimal self-esteem, Psychological Inquiry, 14, 1–26.
• Keser, S. (2013). The comparison of elementary school administrators’ authentic leadership and psychological capital features, (Unpublished Master Thesis).Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Kıral, E. (2018a). Psychometric properties of authentic leadership scale in Turkey sample: Application in teachers, In: II. International Education Research and Teacher Education Congress,September 13-15, 2018, Kuşadası, Turkey.
• Kıral, E. (2018b). Psychometric properties of work engagement scale in Turkey sample: Application in teachers, In: II. International Education Research and Teacher Education Congress,September 13-15, 2018, Kuşadası, Turkey.
• Kıral, E., and Başaran, R. (2018a). Psychometric properties of trust scale in Turkey sample: Application in teachers, In: 9th International Edactional Managment Congress, December, 01 – 04, 2018, Antalya, Turkey.
• Kıral, E., and Başaran, R. (2018b). The relationship between organizational jealousy and trust, In:II. International Educational Research and Teacher Training Congress, September, 13-15 Eylül 2018, Kuşadası, Turkey.
• Klassen, R. M., Aldhafri, S., Mansfield, C. F., Purwanto, E., Siu, A. F. Y., Wong, M. W. and Woods-Mcconney, A. (2012). Teachers engagement at work: An international validation study, Journal of Experimental Education, 80(4), 317–337.
• Köse, A. (2015). The relati̇onshi̇p between job engagement, percei̇ved organi̇zati̇onal support and organi̇zati̇onal cli̇mate (sample of Kahramanmaras), (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
• Kulophas, D., Hallinger, P., Ruengtrakul, A., and Wongwanich, S. (2018). Exploring the effects of authentic leadership on academic optimism and teacher engagement in Thailand, International Journal of Educational Management, 32(1), 27–45.
• Kumor, A., and Israel, D. (2012). Authentic leadership & Work engagement. The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, (47)3, 498-510.
• Leither, M. P., and Bakker, A. B. (2010). Work engagement: Introduction, A. B. Bakker ve M. P. Leiter (Ed.), In: Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, (ss. 1–9), Taylor and Francis Group: New York.
• Lester, S. W., Meglino, B. M., and Korsgaard, A. M. (2002). The antecedents and consequences of group potency : A longitudinal ınvestigation of newly formed work groups, Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 352–368.
• Luthans, F., and Avolio, B. J. (2003). Authentic leadership: A positive development approach, Positive Organizational Behavior, 241–258.
• Macey, W. H., and Schneider, B. (2008). The meaning of employee engagement, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1(1), 3–30.
• May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., and Harter, L. M. (2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11–37.
• Oymak, Ç. (2015). The relationship between the secondary school principals' supervision styles, organizational and parental support and the teachers' work engagement: The sample of Bala, Haymana, Şereflikoçhisar, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
• Örs, H. (2015). Relationship between the authentic leadership and conflict management strategies for school principals, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zaim University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Özden, Ö. (2015). The relationship between the authentic leadership characteristics of school administrators and organizational citizenship behavior of employees, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University,Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Rego, A., Vitória, A., Magalhães, A., Ribeiro, N., and Cunha, M. P. (2013). Are authentic leaders associated with more virtuous, committed and potent teams?, Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 61–79.
• Salanova, M., Agut, S., and Peiró, J. M. (2005). Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1217–1227.
• Sarath, P., and Manikandan, K. (2014). Work engagement and work related wellbing of school teachers, SELP Journal of Social Science, 5(22), 93–100.
• Schaufeli, W. B., and Bakker, A. B. (2003). Utrect work engagement scale: Preliminary manual, Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrect University, Utrect.
• Schaufeli, W. B., and Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293–315.
• Schaufeli, W. B., and Bakker, A. B. (2010). Defining and measuring work engagement: Bringing calrity to the concept, A. B. Bakker ve M. P. Leiter (Ed.), In: Work Engagement: A Handbook of Essential Theory and Research, (ss. 10–24), Taylor and Francis Group: New York.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., and Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., and Barker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students a cross-national study, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481.
• Seco, V., and Lopes, M. P. (2013). Calling for authentic leadership : The Moderator role of calling on the relationship between authentic leadership and work engagement, Open Journal of Leadership, 2(4), 95–102.
• Sezen, G. (2014). Examination of the relationship between teachers' work engagement and loneliness at work levels, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.
• Shapira-Lishchinsky, O., and Tsemach, S. (2014). Psychological empowerment as a mediator between teachers’ perceptions of authentic leadership and their withdrawal and citizenship behaviors, Educational Administration Quarterly, 50(4), 675–712.
• Sönmez, B. (2014). Mediation effect of servant leadership behaviors of primary and secondary school principals on the relationship between organizational justice and work engagement (A case study of Gazi̇antep – Şehi̇tkami̇l District), (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Srivastava, A. P., and Dhar, R. L. (2017). Authentic leadership and extra role behavior: A school based integrated model, Current Psychology, 1(14).
• Tabak, A., Polat, M., Coşar, S., and Türköz, T. (2012). The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire:The Study of Reliability and Validity, Is, GucIndustrıal Relatıons And Human Resources Journal,14(4), 89–106.
• Tan, İ. H. (2015). The relationship between the elementary and secondary school principals' spiritual leadership behaviors and the teachers' work engagement, (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University and Sütçü İmam University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi, [Measuring attitudes and data analysis with SPSS], Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara, Turkey.
• Taymaz, H. (2009). Okul yönetimi, [School management], Pegem Akademi: Ankara, Turkey
• Turgut, T. (2010). Çalışmaya tutkunluk, [Work engagement], G. İslamoğlu (Ed.), In: Kurumlarda iyilik de var [There is also goodness in institutions], Nobel Yayın Dağıtım: Ankara, Turkey
• Ünal, M. (2015). Authentic leadership behaviors of middle school's directors, the relationship between the voice of teachers and organizational identification (The sample of Gaziantep - Şehitkâmil District), (Unpublished Master Thesis). Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
• Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., and Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of management, 34(1), 89-126.
• Yukl, G. (2018). Leadership in Organizations, Pearson Education, India.