Therapeutic and Regenerative Applications of Propolis in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Current Review

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 227 - 234, 31.12.2025

Halil İbrahim Durmuş , Kağan Fatih Kuşan , Tevfik Kızılseki , Karahan Uçar

https://doi.org/10.61139/ijdor.1803201

Abstract

Abstract
Objective:
This narrative review evaluates the therapeutic and regenerative uses of propolis in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS), together with its chemical composition, biological effects, and clinical potential.
Materials and Methods:
Experimental, clinical, and review studies published between 2000 and 2025 were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the terms “propolis,” “oral surgery,” “bone regeneration,” “MRONJ,” “implant,” and “wound healing.”
Results:
Propolis—rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids—supports oral wound healing and bone regeneration via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Preclinical and limited clinical data report accelerated epithelialization, enhanced osteogenic activity in bone defects, reduced peri-implant inflammation, and a potential protective effect against MRONJ. However, geographic/botanical variability in composition highlights the need for clinical standardization.
Conclusion:
Propolis is generally well tolerated and exhibits multimodal biological activity, with supportive potential in OMFS for wound healing, bone regeneration, and infection control. Confirmation of clinical efficacy and formulation standardization requires multicenter advanced-phase trials.
Keywords: Propolis; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Bone Regeneration; MRONJ; Wound Healing; Dental Implant.

Keywords

Propolis , Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , Bone Regeneration , ; MRONJ , Wound Healing , Dental Implant

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