POOL BOILING IN A VERTICAL ANNULUS BY A CIRCULAR PLAIN COPPER TUBE HEAT TRANSFER

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 13 - 20, 30.11.2025

Raed Shakır

Abstract

The influence of a plain copper tube on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer within a vertically oriented, open-bottom annular setup was analyzed through predictive modeling. The study used saturated water at atmospheric pressure, with a heated tube measuring 0.5 meters in length and 0.03 meters in diameter. The experiments focused on the confinement effect of the open tube side. Results show that an iterative approach was applied to evaluate heat flow, enabling the determination of heat transfer coefficients for laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow regimes, along with fluid temperature predictions. Mass flow rates ranged from 0.0025 to 0.02 g/sec, while applied heat varied between 600 and 950 Watts with inlet temperature 100°C. Fluid temperatures spanned 102.46 to 111.75°C at the inlet and 109.79 to 147.03°C at the outlet. This theoretical study solved over 5,070 heat transfer equations using Excel application with an iterative method. However, in the absence of experimental data, the heat transfer estimates were primarily derived from theoretical equations.

Keywords

pool boiling , copper tube , iterative method , heat transfer coefficient.

Supporting Institution

University of Thi-Qar

Thanks

many thanks for all of you

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