Cyber Wars under the Shadow of Artificial Intelligence: A Future Perspective

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 71 - 76, 30.06.2018

Utku Kose , Sadi Fuat Cankaya , Omer Deperlioglu

Öz

Artificial
Intelligence has provided many benefits for achieving better life standards for
people. But except from its advantages on improving life standards and solving
real world problems effectively, there is currently a remarkable discussion on
possible side-effects and even dangerous results caused by using Artificial
Intelligence. In this context, it is also a serious research interest to think
about cyber wars in which intelligent systems will probably have active role in
the future. Moving from that, this paper presents a general discussion on how
cyber wars of the future will be shaped by Artificial Intelligence based
systems. By considering currently popular Artificial Intelligence oriented
problems solutions and techniques, the paper tries to open readers’ mind about
the future with full of Artificial Intelligence and future perspectives in
cyber wars.

Anahtar Kelimeler

artificial intelligence, cyber wars, intelligent systems, intelligent agent, future of artificial intelligence

Kaynakça

• [1] A. Martin, “Digital literacy and the ‘digital society’”. Digital literacies: Concepts, policies and practices, 30, 2008, 151-176.
• [2] Y. K. Dwivedi, M. R. Wade, and S. L. Schneberger, Information Systems Theory: Explaining and Predicting Our Digital Society (Vol. 1). 2011, Springer Science & Business Media.
• [3] K. Mossberger, C. J. Tolbert, and R. S. McNeal, “Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation. 2007, MIT Press.
• [4] B. M. Compaine, (Ed.). The Digital Divide: Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth?. 2001, MIT Press.
• [5] L. Iliadis, I. Maglogiannis, H. Papadopoulos, S. Sioutas, and C. Makris, Artificial Intelligence Applications and Innovations. 2016, Springer International Pu.
• [6] A. I. Strong, “Applications of Artificial intelligence & associated technologies”. Science [ETEBMS-2016], 2016, 5(6).
• [7] N. J. Nilsson, Principles of Artificial Intelligence. 2014, Morgan Kaufmann.
• [8] P. R. Cohen, and E. A. Feigenbaum, (Eds.). The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (Vol. 3). 2014, Butterworth-Heinemann.
• [9] R. S. Michalski, J. G. Carbonell, and T. M. Mitchell, (Eds.). Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. 2013, Springer Science & Business Media.
• [10] M. Chui, Artificial Intelligence the Next Digital Frontier?. McKinsey and Company Global Institute, 2017, 47.
• [11] S. Russell, D. Dewey, and M. Tegmark, M. “Research priorities for robust and beneficial artificial intelligence”. Ai Magazine, 36(4), 2015, 105-114.
• [12] P. Lin, K. Abney, and R. Jenkins, R. (Eds.). Robot Ethics 2.0: From Autonomous Cars to Artificial Intelligence. 2017, Oxford University Press.
• [13] J. Davies, “Program good ethics into artificial intelligence”. Nature, 2016, 538(7625).
• [14] R. V. Yampolskiy, and M. S. Spellchecker, Artificial Intelligence Safety and Cybersecurity: a Timeline of AI Failures. arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.07997, 2016.
• [15] M. R. Waser, Discovering the Foundations of a Universal System of Ethics as a Road to Safe Artificial Intelligence. In AAAI Fall Symposium: Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2008 (pp. 195-200).
• [16] V. C. Müller, and N. Bostrom, N. Future progress in artificial intelligence: A survey of expert opinion. In Fundamental issues of artificial intelligence (pp. 553-570). 2016, Springer International Publishing.
• [17] N. Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, dangers, strategies. 2014, OUP Oxford.
• [18] S. Schneider, (Ed.). Science Fiction and Philosophy: From Time Travel to Superintelligence. 2016, John Wiley & Sons.
• [19] F. Heylighen, Return to Eden? Promises and perils on the road to a global superintelligence. The End of the Beginning: Life, Society and Economy on the Brink of the Singularity. 2014, Retrieved December 1, 2017, from http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/BrinkofSingularity.pdf.
• [20] M. Shanahan, The Technological Singularity. 2015, MIT Press.
• [21] B. Goertzel, “Human-level artificial general intelligence and the possibility of a technological singularity: A reaction to Ray Kurzweil's The Singularity Is Near, and McDermott's critique of Kurzweil”. Artificial Intelligence, 171(18), 2007, 1161-1173.
• [22] R. Kurzweil, The Singularity is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. 2005, Penguin.
• [23] S. Bernezzani, 10 Jobs Artificial Intelligence Will Replace (and 10 That Are Safe). 2017, HubSpot.com. Retrieved December 1, 2017, from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/jobs-artificial-intelligence-will-replace
• [24] R. A. Clarke, and R. K. Knake, Cyber War. 2014, Tantor Media, Incorporated.
• [25] A. A. Galushkin, “Theoretical and legal aspects of cyber warfare”. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 2016, 570.
• [26] J. Chen, and A. Dinerman, On Cyber Dominance in Modern Warfare. In European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, 2016, (p. 52). Academic Conferences International Limited.
• [27] J. Arquilla, and D. Ronfeldt, “Cyberwar is coming!”. Comparative Strategy, 12(2), 1993, 141-165.
• [28] J. Stone, “Cyber war will take place!”. Journal of Strategic Studies, 36(1), 2013, 101-108.
• [29] J. Carr, Inside Cyber Warfare: Mapping the Cyber Underworld, 2011, O'Reilly Media, Inc..
• [30] R. V. Yampolskiy, and M. S. Spellchecker, Artificial Intelligence Safety and Cybersecurity: a Timeline of AI Failures, 2016, arXiv preprint arXiv:1610.07997.
• [31] R. Yampolskiy, and J. Fox, “Safety engineering for artificial general intelligence”. Topoi, 32(2), 2013, 217-226.
• [32] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, “Deep learning”. Nature, 521(7553), 2015, 436-444.
• [33] X. W. Chen, and X. Lin, “Big data deep learning: Challenges and perspectives”. IEEE Access, 2, 2014, 514-525.
• [34] M. A. Alsheikh, D. Niyato, S. Lin, H. P. Tan, and Z. Han, “Mobile big data analytics using deep learning and apache spark”. IEEE Network, 30(3), 2016, 22-29.
• [35] J. Ritz, and Z. Knaack, “Internet of things”. Technology & Engineering Teacher, 76(6), 2017, 28-33.
• [36] L. Atzori, A. Iera, and G. Morabito, “The internet of things: A survey”. Computer Networks, 54(15), 2010, 2787-2805.
• [37] S. Martin, AI warning to humanity: Brain-computer interfaces could be HACKED by robots, experts say, 2017, Express.co.uk – Web Site. Retrieved December 2, 2017, from https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/882933/artificial-intelligence-US-defense-department-elon-musk-neural-implants