Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 22 - 32, 31.03.2024

Öz

Kaynakça

  • [1] DFID, Bioenergy for Sustainable Energy Access in Africa -Technology Value Chain Prioritisation Report, 2017.
  • [2] NIRAS-LTS, E4tech, AIGUASOL and Aston University. Bioenergy for Sustainable Local Energy Services and Energy Access in Africa, Prospects for commercial biomass gasification in sub-Saharan Africa. For Carbon Trust and UK Government. London. London, 2021.
  • [3] P. Basu. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic Press, Burlington, MA 01803, USA, 2010.
  • [4] https://www.iea.org/policies/4967-renewable-energy-master-plan. Accessed April 30, 2023.
  • [5] ASTM D3176-15. Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015.
  • [6] ASTM D5865-13. Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013.
  • [7] United States Department of Agriculture. (USDA). Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. General Technical Report FLP-GTR-190. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 2010.
  • [8] U. Henriksen, J. Ahrenfeldt, T. Jensen, B. Gobel, J. Bentzen, C. Hindsgaul and L. Sorensen L. (2006). “The design, construction and operation of a 75kW two-stage gasifier”, Energy, vol. 31, 1542-1553, 2006.
  • [9] H.S. Mukunda, S.J. Dasappa, P.J. Paul, N.K.S. Rajan and U. Shrinivasa. “Gasifiers and combustors for biomass - technology and field studies”, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 27-38, 1994.
  • [10] J. Venselaar. Design Rules for Down Draft Wood Gasifiers: A Short Review. IT Bandung, Indonesia, pp. 1–24, 1986.
  • [11] S. Sivakumar, K. Pitchandi and E. Natarajan. “Modelling and simulation of downdraft wood gasifier”, Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 271-279, 2008.
  • [12] M. Fodora, J. Gadua, J. Marecek, T. Vitex and V. Kazimirova. Design of laboratory cyclone separator for biogas purification. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 631-635, 2012.
  • [13] Incropera, F.P., Dewitt, D.P., Bergman, T.L. and Lavine, A.S. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Sixth ed., Jefferson: John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA, 2011.
  • [14] S. Thapa, R.P. Bhoi, A. Kumar and R.L. Huhnke. “Effects of syngas cooling and biomass filter medium on tar removal”, Energies. 10, 2 – 12, 2017.
  • [15] R. Rameshkumar and K. Mayilsamy. “A novel compact bio-filter system for a downdraft gasifier: An experimental study”, AASRI Procedia, vol. 3, 700 – 706, 2012.
  • [16] M.A. Chawdhury and K. Mahkamov. “Development of a small downdraft biomass gasifier for developing countries”, Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 1, 51-64, 2011.
  • [17] P.N. Sheth and B.V. Babu. “Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, 3127-3133, 2009.
  • [18] C. Erlich and T.H Fransson. “Downdraft gasification of pellets made of wood, palm-oil residues respective bagasse: experimental study”, Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 3, 899–908, 2011.
  • [19] M. Simone, F. Barontini, C. Nicolella. and L. Tognotti. “Gasification of pelletized biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier”, Bioresource Technology. 116, 403–12, 2012.
  • [20] P. Kumar, P. Subbarao, L.D. Kala and V.K. Vijay. “Real-time performance assessment of open top downdraft biomass gasifier system”, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 7, 100448, 2022.
  • [21] G.S. Devi, S. Vaishnavi, S. Srinath, B. Dutt and Rajmohan, K.S. “Energy recovery from biomass using gasification, In: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Resource Recovery from Wastes”, Elsevier, pp. 363 – 382, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64321-6.00019-7.
  • [22] Aydin, E.S., Yucel, O. and Sadikoglu, H. “Experimental study on hydrogen-rich syngas production via gasification of pine cone particles and wood pellets in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, 17389 – 17396, 2019.
  • [23] D. Vera, F. Jurado, N.K. Margaritis and P. Grammelis. “Experimental and economic study of a gasification plant fuelled with olive industry wastes”, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 23, pp. 247 – 257, 2014.
  • [24] Janajreh and M.A. Shrah. “Numerical and experimental investigation of downdraft gasification of wood chips”, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 65, pp. 783 – 792, 2013
  • [25] M. Asadullah, “Biomass gasification gas cleaning for downstream applications: a comparative critical review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 40, pp. 118-132, 2014.
  • [26] J.A. Ruiz, M.C. Juarez, M. P. Morales, P. Munoz, M.A. Mendivil. “Biomass gasification for electricity generation: Review of current technology barriers”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 174-183, 2013.

DEVELOPING LOCAL TECHNICAL CAPACITY FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS FOR BIOENERGY ACCESS IN NIGERIA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 22 - 32, 31.03.2024

Öz

Gasification has proven to be an efficient technology to obtain clean bioenergy from biomass. A region like Sub-Sahara Africa which is still battling with energy poverty could benefit from the deployment of such technology. However, lack of local expertise has hampered successful establishment of such technology in the region despite having vast biomass resources. This work, therefore, intends to address this gap by developing and operating a pilot biomass gasification system to convert wood residues in Nigeria into synthesis gas (syngas) from which bioenergy can be generated. A preliminary study was carried out to determine wood wastes availability in the study area. Thereafter, a downdraft gasification system was developed and tested for syngas production using wood wastes as feedstock. Performance analyses of the gasifier system revealed a feedstock consumption rate was about 3.52kg/h, yielding syngas that burns with a stable blue flame for about 43 minutes. Feedstock availability assessment revealed a wood waste generation rate of about 3.778,02 tonnes per year in the study area, indicating enough feedstock availability. The average syngas yield was 2.955m3 per kg of wood waste consumed, while the average syngas LHV was 5.24MJ/m3. Several challenges, such as clogging of syngas filter and blocking of pipes due to tar accumulation, encountered were successfully solved, enabling the garnering of significant technical capacity in biomass gasification. This is believed could provide a crucial foundation for the implementation of such technology in developing countries like Nigeria.

Kaynakça

  • [1] DFID, Bioenergy for Sustainable Energy Access in Africa -Technology Value Chain Prioritisation Report, 2017.
  • [2] NIRAS-LTS, E4tech, AIGUASOL and Aston University. Bioenergy for Sustainable Local Energy Services and Energy Access in Africa, Prospects for commercial biomass gasification in sub-Saharan Africa. For Carbon Trust and UK Government. London. London, 2021.
  • [3] P. Basu. Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic Press, Burlington, MA 01803, USA, 2010.
  • [4] https://www.iea.org/policies/4967-renewable-energy-master-plan. Accessed April 30, 2023.
  • [5] ASTM D3176-15. Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2015.
  • [6] ASTM D5865-13. Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013.
  • [7] United States Department of Agriculture. (USDA). Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. General Technical Report FLP-GTR-190. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 2010.
  • [8] U. Henriksen, J. Ahrenfeldt, T. Jensen, B. Gobel, J. Bentzen, C. Hindsgaul and L. Sorensen L. (2006). “The design, construction and operation of a 75kW two-stage gasifier”, Energy, vol. 31, 1542-1553, 2006.
  • [9] H.S. Mukunda, S.J. Dasappa, P.J. Paul, N.K.S. Rajan and U. Shrinivasa. “Gasifiers and combustors for biomass - technology and field studies”, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 27-38, 1994.
  • [10] J. Venselaar. Design Rules for Down Draft Wood Gasifiers: A Short Review. IT Bandung, Indonesia, pp. 1–24, 1986.
  • [11] S. Sivakumar, K. Pitchandi and E. Natarajan. “Modelling and simulation of downdraft wood gasifier”, Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 271-279, 2008.
  • [12] M. Fodora, J. Gadua, J. Marecek, T. Vitex and V. Kazimirova. Design of laboratory cyclone separator for biogas purification. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 631-635, 2012.
  • [13] Incropera, F.P., Dewitt, D.P., Bergman, T.L. and Lavine, A.S. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, Sixth ed., Jefferson: John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA, 2011.
  • [14] S. Thapa, R.P. Bhoi, A. Kumar and R.L. Huhnke. “Effects of syngas cooling and biomass filter medium on tar removal”, Energies. 10, 2 – 12, 2017.
  • [15] R. Rameshkumar and K. Mayilsamy. “A novel compact bio-filter system for a downdraft gasifier: An experimental study”, AASRI Procedia, vol. 3, 700 – 706, 2012.
  • [16] M.A. Chawdhury and K. Mahkamov. “Development of a small downdraft biomass gasifier for developing countries”, Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 1, 51-64, 2011.
  • [17] P.N. Sheth and B.V. Babu. “Experimental studies on producer gas generation from wood waste in a downdraft biomass gasifier”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, 3127-3133, 2009.
  • [18] C. Erlich and T.H Fransson. “Downdraft gasification of pellets made of wood, palm-oil residues respective bagasse: experimental study”, Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 3, 899–908, 2011.
  • [19] M. Simone, F. Barontini, C. Nicolella. and L. Tognotti. “Gasification of pelletized biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier”, Bioresource Technology. 116, 403–12, 2012.
  • [20] P. Kumar, P. Subbarao, L.D. Kala and V.K. Vijay. “Real-time performance assessment of open top downdraft biomass gasifier system”, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 7, 100448, 2022.
  • [21] G.S. Devi, S. Vaishnavi, S. Srinath, B. Dutt and Rajmohan, K.S. “Energy recovery from biomass using gasification, In: Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Resource Recovery from Wastes”, Elsevier, pp. 363 – 382, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-64321-6.00019-7.
  • [22] Aydin, E.S., Yucel, O. and Sadikoglu, H. “Experimental study on hydrogen-rich syngas production via gasification of pine cone particles and wood pellets in a fixed bed downdraft gasifier”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, 17389 – 17396, 2019.
  • [23] D. Vera, F. Jurado, N.K. Margaritis and P. Grammelis. “Experimental and economic study of a gasification plant fuelled with olive industry wastes”, Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 23, pp. 247 – 257, 2014.
  • [24] Janajreh and M.A. Shrah. “Numerical and experimental investigation of downdraft gasification of wood chips”, Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 65, pp. 783 – 792, 2013
  • [25] M. Asadullah, “Biomass gasification gas cleaning for downstream applications: a comparative critical review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 40, pp. 118-132, 2014.
  • [26] J.A. Ruiz, M.C. Juarez, M. P. Morales, P. Munoz, M.A. Mendivil. “Biomass gasification for electricity generation: Review of current technology barriers”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 18, pp. 174-183, 2013.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokütle Enerji Sistemleri, Enerji, Yenilenebilir Enerji Sistemleri, Enerji Üretimi, Dönüşüm ve Depolama (Kimyasal ve Elektiksel hariç)
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Peter Akhator 0000-0002-6664-551X

Albert Obanor Bu kişi benim 0009-0006-0484-1589

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

IEEE P. Akhator ve A. Obanor, “DEVELOPING LOCAL TECHNICAL CAPACITY FOR GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS FOR BIOENERGY ACCESS IN NIGERIA”, IJESA, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 22–32, 2024.

ISSN 2548-1185
e-ISSN 2587-2176
Period: Quarterly
Founded: 2016
Publisher: Nisantasi University
e-mail:ilhcol@gmail.com