General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics

Saeed Shahsavari; S. M. A Boutorabi

General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics

Abstract

The unification of the first and second laws of thermodynamics into a single equation has long been a key goal in thermodynamic research. However, significant mathematical and physical challenges have hindered its achievement. In this paper, we go a step further and seek a general as well as completely thermodynamically unification of these laws. The generality, energy fundamental-based and statistical perspective of the Boltzmann entropy equation can provide a valuable solution to unify the first and second laws of classical thermodynamics. Here, “entropy generation function” is considered as a function that takes a measure of lost available work of any thermodynamic energy conversion system, and also “integrator function” is considered as a function that is applied for the mathematical unification. Also, the quasi-statistical approach of entropy is considered as an approach that studies macroscopic energy components instead of studying the energy of individual particles. So, in this paper, by applying the entropy generation function g, as a novel integrator function, we consider the second law as an equality. In the following, using a new quasi-statistical approach to the entropy with the same base as Boltzmann entropy equation, function g is derived. Finally, we extract two innovative general thermodynamically equations resulting from unification of the first and second laws of classical thermodynamics as well as a novel general thermodynamically unified second law equation is established. Contrary to what is common in classical thermodynamics, the established unified equations are sufficient for the thermodynamically analysis of physical processes, and there is no need to add any additional condition relation or non-thermodynamic quantity. In fact, we are looking for a general thermodynamically unification of the first and second laws, which is one of the highlights of this paper. Finally, a general mathematical-physical validation is presented and in the general case, it is shown that there are no contradictions in the established unified equations.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Saeed Shahsavari ^*
0000-0003-2801-487X
Iran

S. M. A Boutorabi
0000-0002-3109-0593
Iran

Publication Date

March 1, 2025

Submission Date

November 6, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 17, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Shahsavari, S., & Boutorabi, S. M. A. (2025). General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. International Journal of Thermodynamics, 28(1), 29-34. https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ

AMA

1.Shahsavari S, Boutorabi SMA. General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2025;28(1):29-34. https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ

Chicago

Shahsavari, Saeed, and S. M. A Boutorabi. 2025. “General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 28 (1): 29-34. https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ.

EndNote

Shahsavari S, Boutorabi SMA (March 1, 2025) General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. International Journal of Thermodynamics 28 1 29–34.

IEEE

[1]S. Shahsavari and S. M. A. Boutorabi, “General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics”, International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 29–34, Mar. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ

ISNAD

Shahsavari, Saeed - Boutorabi, S. M. A. “General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics”. International Journal of Thermodynamics 28/1 (March 1, 2025): 29-34. https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ.

JAMA

1.Shahsavari S, Boutorabi SMA. General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. International Journal of Thermodynamics. 2025;28:29–34.

MLA

Shahsavari, Saeed, and S. M. A Boutorabi. “General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics”. International Journal of Thermodynamics, vol. 28, no. 1, Mar. 2025, pp. 29-34, https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ.

Vancouver

1.Saeed Shahsavari, S. M. A Boutorabi. General Thermodynamically Unification of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. International Journal of Thermodynamics [Internet]. 2025 Mar. 1;28(1):29-34. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA34LR95LZ