Mathematical Modeling of Waste Engine Oil Gasification for Synthesis Gas Production; Operating Parameters and Simulation

Abstract

The release of waste oil into the environment will have destructive effects. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process for converting waste oils into clean combustible gas products. Thermochemical equilibrium modeling has been used in this method to predict the performance of a downdraft gasifier. This model uses the thermodynamic equilibrium of gasification reactions to predict the gases produced in the gas mixture. Having the percentage of gas components produced, different characteristics of the produced gas including H2:CO ratio, process temperature and calorific value of the produced gas, Cold gas efficiencies and carbon conversion efficiency are also obtained. The effect of equivalence ratio, oxygen enrichment and pressure on gasification properties is analyzed. The simulation results are compared with the reported experimental measurements through which the numerical model is confirmed. The results indicated that the equivalence ratio (mole of air in gasification per mole of air in combustion) between 0.4 and 0.42 had the potential to yield the highest calorific value about 10.5 Mj.m-3. The temperature of gaseous mixture in this range will be 2000 K that can be used for other processes such as steam generation. Using pure oxygen instead of air reduces the efficiency of the gasifier from 78% to 55%. Pressure changes from 10 to 65 bar cause gas mixture temperature changes from 1684 to 1690 Kelvin. The H2:CO ratio decreases from 1.6 to 0.6 with increasing equivalence ratio and increases from 1.2 to 1.6 with changes in oxygen enrichment.

Keywords

• Gasification
• Waste Engine Oil
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Syngas production
• Numerical Modeling

References

1. M. N. Nasim, M. Sohail, B. Ravindra, V. J. J. o. M. Lotia, and C. Engineering, "Recycling waste automotive engine oil as alternative fuel for diesel engine: A review," pp. 46-50, 2014.
2. K. K. Ramasamy and T. J. C. T. Ali, "Hydrogen production from used lubricating oils," vol. 129, no. 3-4, pp. 365-371, 2007.
3. M. Fuentes, R. Font, M. Gómez-Rico, I. J. J. o. A. Martín-Gullón, and A. Pyrolysis, "Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants," vol. 79, no. 1-2, pp. 215-226, 2007.
4. M. Rosli, F. Yee, and S. S. Tea, "Modeling and simulation of used lubricant oil re-refining process," in 2nd World Engineering Congress, Sarawak, Malaysia, 2002.
5. N. Selukar and S. J. I. J. o. A. C. Wagh, "Gasoline and diesel synthesis from waste lubricating oil: A kinetic approach," pp. 22-25, 2014.
6. F. C.-Y. Wang, L. J. E. Zhang, and fuels, "Chemical composition of group II lubricant oil studied by high-resolution gas chromatography and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography," vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 3477-3483, 2007.
7. E. M. Fujita, D. E. Campbell, and B. J. F. R. Zielinska, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA, "Chemical analysis of lubrication oil samples from a study to characterize exhaust emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area," 2006.
8. J. Moore, S. Cui, P. Cummings, and H. J. A. I. o. C. E. A. J. Cochran, "Lubricant characterization by molecular simulation," vol. 43, no. 12, p. 3260, 1997.

9. J. Sharaf, B. Mishra, R. J. I. J. o. E. R. Sharma, and Applications, "Production of gasoline-like fuel obtained from waste lubrication oil and its physicochemical properties," vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 113-118, 2013.
10. S. S. Lam et al., "Progress in waste oil to sustainable energy, with emphasis on pyrolysis techniques," vol. 53, pp. 741-753, 2016.
11. M. Puig-Arnavat, J. C. Bruno, A. J. E. Coronas, and Fuels, "Modified thermodynamic equilibrium model for biomass gasification: a study of the influence of operating conditions," vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1385-1394, 2012.
12. M. Puig Arnavat, "Performance modelling and validation of biomass gasifiers for trigeneration plants," Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011.
13. L. Chanphavong and Z. J. J. o. t. E. I. Zainal, "Characterization and challenge of development of producer gas fuel combustor: A review," vol. 92, no. 5, pp. 1577-1590, 2019.
14. G. Gautam, "Parametric study of a commercial-scale biomass downdraft gasifier: experiments and equilibrium modeling," 2010.
15. C. Higman and M. v. der Burgt, "Gasification. 2nd," 2008.
16. A. K. J. E. C. Sharma and Management, "Modeling and simulation of a downdraft biomass gasifier 1. Model development and validation," vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 1386-1396, 2011.
17. M. Puig-Arnavat, J. A. Hernández, J. C. Bruno, A. J. B. Coronas, and bioenergy, "Artificial neural network models for biomass gasification in fluidized bed gasifiers," vol. 49, pp. 279-289, 2013.
18. P. Basu, Biomass gasification and pyrolysis: practical design and theory. Academic press, 2010.
19. M. Puig-Arnavat, J. C. Bruno, A. J. R. Coronas, and s. e. reviews, "Review and analysis of biomass gasification models," vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 2841-2851, 2010.
20. S. Vakalis, F. Patuzzi, and M. J. B. t. Baratieri, "Thermodynamic modeling of small scale biomass gasifiers: Development and assessment of the ‘‘Multi-Box’’approach," vol. 206, pp. 173-179, 2016.
21. A. J. F. Bridgwater, "The technical and economic feasibility of biomass gasification for power generation," vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 631-653, 1995.
22. M. Baratieri, P. Baggio, L. Fiori, and M. J. B. t. Grigiante, "Biomass as an energy source: thermodynamic constraints on the performance of the conversion process," vol. 99, no. 15, pp. 7063-7073, 2008.
23. M. J. Prins, K. J. Ptasinski, and F. J. J. E. Janssen, "From coal to biomass gasification: Comparison of thermodynamic efficiency," vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1248-1259, 2007.
24. A. K. J. E. C. Sharma and Management, "Equilibrium modeling of global reduction reactions for a downdraft (biomass) gasifier," vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 832-842, 2008.
25. L. Shen, Y. Gao, J. J. B. Xiao, and bioenergy, "Simulation of hydrogen production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds," vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 120-127, 2008.
26. A. Mountouris, E. Voutsas, D. J. E. C. Tassios, and Management, "Solid waste plasma gasification: equilibrium model development and exergy analysis," vol. 47, no. 13-14, pp. 1723-1737, 2006.
27. S. Jarungthammachote and A. Dutta, "Thermodynamic equilibrium model and second law analysis of a downdraft waste gasifier," Energy, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1660-1669, 2007.
28. M. Ashizawa, S. Hara, K. Kidoguchi, and J. Inumaru, "Gasification characteristics of extra-heavy oil in a research-scale gasifier," Energy, vol. 30, no. 11-12, pp. 2194-2205, 2005.
29. S.-M. Beheshti, H. Ghassemi, R. J. P. s. Shahsavan-Markadeh, and technology, "A comprehensive study on gasification of petroleum wastes based on a mathematical model," vol. 32, no. 22, pp. 2674-2681, 2014.
30. S.-M. Beheshti, H. Ghassemi, R. J. P. S. Shahsavan-Markadeh, and Technology, "Modeling Steam Gasification of Orimulsion in the Presence of KOH: A Strategy for High-Yield Hydrogen Production," vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 218-225, 2015.
31. M. S. B. Khaleghi, R. S. Markadeh, H. J. P. S. Ghassemi, and Technology, "Thermodynamic evaluation of mazut gasification for using in power generation," vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 531-538, 2016.
32. Y. Castillo Santiago, A. Martínez González, O. J. Venturini, and D. M. Yepes Maya, "Assessment of the energy recovery potential of oil sludge through gasification aiming electricity generation," Energy, vol. 215, p. 119210, 2021/01/15/ 2021.
33. D. Vera, B. de Mena, F. Jurado, and G. Schories, "Study of a downdraft gasifier and gas engine fueled with olive oil industry wastes," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 119-129, 2013/03/01/ 2013.
34. A. M. Sanchez-Hernandez, N. Martin-Sanchez, M. J. Sanchez-Montero, C. Izquierdo, and F. Salvador, "Different options to upgrade engine oils by gasification with steam and supercritical water," The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, vol. 164, p. 104912, 2020/10/01/ 2020.
35. N. Couto et al., "Numerical and experimental analysis of municipal solid wastes gasification process," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 78, pp. 185-195, 2015/03/05/ 2015.
36. M. Ruggiero and G. J. R. e. Manfrida, "An equilibrium model for biomass gasification processes," vol. 16, no. 1-4, pp. 1106-1109, 1999.
37. A. Melgar, J. F. Pérez, H. Laget, A. J. E. c. Horillo, and management, "Thermochemical equilibrium modelling of a gasifying process," vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 59-67, 2007.
38. C. R. Altafini, P. R. Wander, R. M. J. E. C. Barreto, and Management, "Prediction of the working parameters of a wood waste gasifier through an equilibrium model," vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 2763-2777, 2003.
39. M. Lapuerta, J. J. Hernández, F. V. Tinaut, and A. Horrillo, "Thermochemical behaviour of producer gas from gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in SI engines," SAE Technical Paper0148-7191, 2001.
40. G. Schuster, G. Löffler, K. Weigl, and H. J. B. t. Hofbauer, "Biomass steam gasification–an extensive parametric modeling study," vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 71-79, 2001.
41. T. Jayah, R. Fuller, L. Aye, and D. J. I. E. J. Stewart, "The potential for wood gasifiers for tea drying in Sri Lanka," vol. 2, no. 2, 2007.
42. C. J. C. e. s. Di Blasi, "Dynamic behaviour of stratified downdraft gasifiers," vol. 55, no. 15, pp. 2931-2944, 2000.
43. M. Rao, S. Singh, M. Sodha, A. Dubey, M. J. B. Shyam, and Bioenergy, "Stoichiometric, mass, energy and exergy balance analysis of countercurrent fixed-bed gasification of post-consumer residues," vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 155-171, 2004.
44. S. Channiwala and P. J. F. Parikh, "A unified correlation for estimating HHV of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels," vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 1051-1063, 2002.
45. I. P. Silva, R. M. Lima, G. F. Silva, D. S. Ruzene, D. P. J. R. Silva, and S. E. Reviews, "Thermodynamic equilibrium model based on stoichiometric method for biomass gasification: A review of model modifications," vol. 114, p. 109305, 2019.
46. H. Ghassemi, R. J. E. C. Shahsavan-Markadeh, and Management, "Effects of various operational parameters on biomass gasification process; a modified equilibrium model," vol. 79, pp. 18-24, 2014.
47. M. Vaezi, M. Passandideh-Fard, M. Moghiman, and M. Charmchi, "Gasification of heavy fuel oils: A thermochemical equilibrium approach," Fuel, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 878-885, 2011.
48. H. Ghassemi, S. Beheshti, and R. J. F. Shahsavan-Markadeh, "Mathematical modeling of extra-heavy oil gasification at different fuel water contents," vol. 162, pp. 258-263, 2015.
49. K. Lin, S. Chowdhury, C. Shen, and C. Yeh, "Hydrogen generation by catalytic gasification of motor oils in an integrated fuel processor," Catalysis Today, vol. 136, no. 3-4, pp. 281-290, 2008.