Semen collection from small breed birds and some parameters related to passerine bird semen

Yıl 2022, , 220 - 225, 07.02.2022

Arda Onur Özkök

https://doi.org/10.38058/ijsl.1052705

Öz

It is much more difficult to collect semen from small breed birds than large breed birds. The biggest reason for this situation is that small breed birds are very active and their cloaca is smaller. To receive semen from passerine birds, the birds must be in the breeding season. Having active females around during this period will increase libido due to male competition. Trimming the hair around the cloaca to collect semen both prevents the risk of contamination and provides adequate viewing angles. The most commonly used method of obtaining semen is cloacal massage. Massage should be done cranially from the abdomen towards the cloaca. When the bird ejaculates, it is seen that the semen comes out of the cloaca from the seminal glomera with the pressure applied laterally on the cloaca. It collects the exiting semen with the help of a sterile hematocrit capillary tube. Sperm contaminated with feces should not be taken as it will be contaminated. In bird semen, motility examination is important in the direction of movement, speed of movement, and rate of movement of the spermatozoa. Due to this situation, it is seen that there is a relationship between motility and the morphological structure of spermatozoa in passerine birds. This study aims to give information about semen collection by a cloacal method in small breed canaries and some motility and morphological examination methods in passerine bird semen.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Morphology, Motility, Passerine bird, Semen

Kaynakça

• Birkhead, TR., Immler, S., Pellatt, EJ., Freckleton, R. 2006. Unusual sperm morphology in the Eurasian Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), The Auk, 123(2): 383-392
• Blesbois, E., Brillard, JP. 2007. Specific features of in vivo and in vitro sperm storage in birds. Animal, 1(10): 1472-1481
• Briskie, JV. 1993. Anatomical adaptations to sperm competition in Smith's Longspurs and other polygynandrous passerines. The Auk, 110(4): 875-888.
• Brock, MK. 1991. Semen collection and artificial insemination in the Hispaniolan parrot (Amazona ventralis), Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 107-114.
• Chiba, A., Nakamura, M., Morimoto, G. 2011. Spermiophagy in the male reproductive tract of some passerine birds. Zoological science, 28(9): 689-693.
• Cramer, ER., Garcia-del-Rey, E., Johannessen, LE., Laskemoen, T., Marthinsen, G., Johnsen, A., Lifjeld, JT. 2021. Longer Sperm Swim More Slowly in the Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Cells, 10(6): 1358.
• Cramer, ER., Rowe, M., Eroukhmanoff, F., Lifjeld, JT., Sætre, GP., Johnsen, A. 2019. Measuring sperm swimming performance in birds: effects of dilution, suspension medium, mechanical agitation, and sperm number. Journal of Ornithology, 160(4): 1053-1063.
• Fischer, D., Neumann, D., Wehrend, A., Lierz, M. 2014. Comparison of conventional and computer-assisted semen analysis in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) and evaluation of different insemination dosages for artificial insemination. Theriogenology, 82(4): 613-620.
• Girndt, A., Cockburn, G., Sánchez-Tójar, A., Løvlie, H., Schroeder, J. 2017. Method matters: Experimental evidence for shorter avian sperm in faecal compared to abdominal massage samples. Plos One, 12(8): e0182853.
• Helfenstein, F., Podevin, M., Richner, H. 2010. Sperm morphology, swimming velocity, and longevity in the house sparrow Passer domesticus, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 64(4): 557-565.
• Hermosell, IG., Laskemoen, T., Rowe, M., Møller, AP., Mousseau, TA., Albrecht, T., Lifjeld, JT. 2013. Patterns of sperm damage in Chernobyl passerine birds suggest a trade-off between sperm length and integrity, Biology Letters, 9(5): 20130530.
• Kleven, O., Laskemoen, T., Fossøy, F., Robertson, RJ., Lifjeld, JT. 2008. Intraspecific variation in sperm length is negatively related to sperm competition in passerine birds. Evolution: International Journal of Organic Evolution, 62(2): 494-499.
• Lüpold, S., Calhim, S., Immler, S., Birkhead, TR. 2009. Sperm morphology and sperm velocity in passerine birds, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276(1659): 1175-1181.
• O'Brien, JK., Oehler, DA., Malowski, SP., Roth, TL. 1999. Semen collection, characterization, and cryopreservation in a Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). Zoo Biology: Published in affiliation with the American Zoo and Aquarium Association, 18(3): 199-214.
• Rowe, M., Laskemoen, T., Johnsen, A., Lifjeld, JT. 2013. Evolution of sperm structure and energetics in passerine birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1753): 20122616.
• Samour, JH. 2004. Semen collection, spermatozoa cryopreservation, and artificial insemination in nondomestic birds, Journal of avian medicine and surgery, 18(4): 219-223.
• Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Ding, J., Ai, S., Guo, R., Bai, X., Yang, W. 2019. Optimal analysis conditions for sperm motility parameters with a CASA system in a passerine bird, Passer montanus. Avian Research, 10(1): 1-10.