Bacteria-to-bacteria communication, Signaling Molecules: AHLs, AIPs and AI-2, I can't talk now matey, gone to pathogenesis!

Abstract

How do these primitive tiny organisms' hierarchy operate? The answer is simple: by communicating. Yes, bacteria talk, and it’s called: Quorum Sensing System (QS). QS is a phenomenon where bacteria tinychat and arrange their moves via the accumulation of signaling molecules. The cells respond to this stimulus when the cut-off value concentration of molecules is achieved. This phenomenon is widespreadly visible in the bacteria world. Bacteria never move solo and would need to gather up in critical mass because of secrete efficient toxins to be lethal. N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs): Intercellular signaling molecules used by Gram-negative bacteria (Gram-) to monitor their critical mass density in QS controlling of critic gene expression. AHL signals are synthesized by LuxI proteins. AHLs are vital interbacterial signaling molecules used by bacteria to check their dependent bacteria density. Auto-inducing peptides (AIPs): signaling molecules involved in intercellular communication in Gram-positive bacteria (Gram+). Peptides are exported by dedicated systems, post-translationally modified and eventually sensed by other bacteria cells via membrane-located receptors that are part of a two-component system. AI-2 (Autoinducer-2): signaling molecule used by interspecies bacteria communication. This molecule chemically identified furanosylborate diester synthesized by LuxS proteins. Also, it's a universal signal because it carries out interspecies communication. The aim of this review is to summarize the AHL, AIPs, AI-2 bacterial signal molecules, QS systems target genes, effective in the procaryotic world, and the micro-social lifestyle of bacteria.

Keywords

• Signal Molecules: AHLs
• AIPs AI-2
• Quorum Sensing System
• Bacterially Speaking
• Bacteria-to-bacteria Communication
• Interbacterial Communication

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