Characterization of the mineral, phenolic and aromatic compounds of endemic Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet

Abstract

Türkiye's geographic location at the intersection of multiple floristic regions has contributed to its rich plant diversity. The region's diverse climatic and geological features have facilitated the development of plant species with a wide range of distinctive characteristics. The Salvia genus, with approximately 1,000 species worldwide, is well-represented in the Flora of Türkiye, with 96 species and 4 subspecies, of which 51% are endemic. Salvia absconditiflora, a perennial and endemic plant species native to Türkiye, is recognized for its medicinal and aromatic qualities, and is commonly known as "karaşalba or tapir". This investigation explored the total phenolic and flavonoid content, total antioxidant capacity, macro-micro element and heavy metal composition, as well as the essential oil ratio and compounds of Salvia absconditiflora. The results of the study revealed that the total flavonoid content was 412.43 QE/100 g, the total phenolic content was 184.84 GAE/g, and the total antioxidant activity was 185.13 µmol TE/g. The study also characterized the mineral composition of the species, including both macronutrients and micronutrients (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo) as well as the presence of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, As). The essential oil ratio and composition of the species were characterized. The major components identified in the species include camphor (34.98%), 1,8-cineole (7.48%), β-eudesmol (6.98%), bornyl acetate (5.15%), borneol (4.77%), and valeranone (4.06%).

Keywords

• Endemic plant
• Heavy metal content
• Nutritional content
• Phenolic compounds

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