Effects of Different Growing Media on Plant Growth and Nutrient Contents of Petunia (Petunia hybrida)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different growing media on plant growth and nutrient contents of petunia (Petunia hybrida). The experiment was conducted in a chamber room under controlled conditions at the laboratory. Seven different media (soil, 3:1 soil: peat (P1), 2:1 soil: peat (P2), 3:1 soil: barnyard manure (BYM1), 2:1 soil: barnyard manure (BYM2), 3:1 soil: sugar beet pulp (SBP1), 2:1 soil: sugar beet pulp (SBP2)) were used as plant growing media. The experiment was ended after three months following transplanting of seedlings. Plant growth and flower parameters and macro-micro nutrient contents were determined in harvested plants. The highest stem diameter, branch number, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were in 2:1 ratio of soil: peat mixture as 7.00 mm, 6.33, 8.91 cm, 3.59 mm, 48.47 g and 4.52 g while the highest plant lenght, lateral branch number and flower number means were found as 27.43 cm, 24.67 and 24.67 in ratio of 3:1 soil: peat growing media respectively. The highest potassium, magnesium and zinc means of plants were obtained as 6.6%, 2.2% and 32.50 mg kg-1 in soil: barnyard manure (2:1) growing media while the highest phosphorus and calcium means of plants were found as 0.27% and 4.5% in soil and peat growing media respectively. The highest iron and copper means of plants were determined as 231 mg kg-1 and 32.50 mg kg-1 in ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 of soil: sugarbeet pulp growing media respectively. 

Keywords

• Petunia
• Petunia hybrida
• Growing media
• Plant growth
• Nutrient content

Effects of Different Growing Media on Plant Growth and Nutrient Contents of Petunia (Petunia hybrida)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different growing media on plant growth and nutrient contents of petunia (Petunia hybrida). The experiment was conducted in a chamber room under controlled conditions at the laboratory. Seven different media (soil, 3:1 soil: peat (P1), 2:1 soil: peat (P2), 3:1 soil: barnyard manure (BYM1), 2:1 soil: barnyard manure (BYM2), 3:1 soil: sugar beet pulp (SBP1), 2:1 soil: sugar beet pulp (SBP2)) were used as plant growing media. The experiment was ended after three months following transplanting of seedlings. Plant growth and flower parameters and macro-micro nutrient contents were determined in harvested plants. The highest stem diameter, branch number, flower diameter, flower stalk diameter, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were in 2:1 ratio of soil: peat mixture as 7.00 mm, 6.33, 8.91 cm, 3.59 mm, 48.47 g and 4.52 g while the highest plant lenght, lateral branch number and flower number means were found as 27.43 cm, 24.67 and 24.67 in ratio of 3:1 soil: peat growing media respectively. The highest potassium, magnesium and zinc means of plants were obtained as 6.6%, 2.2% and 32.50 mg kg^-1 in soil: barnyard manure (2:1) growing media while the highest phosphorus and calcium means of plants were found as 0.27% and 4.5% in soil and peat growing media respectively. The highest iron and copper means of plants were determined as 231 mg kg^-1 and 32.50 mg kg^-1 in ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 of soil: sugarbeet pulp growing media respectively. 

Keywords

• Petunia
• Petunia hybrida
• growing media
• plant growth
• Nutrient content

References

1. [1]. Paxton, J. (1836). Petunia nyctaginiflora violacea. Paxton’s Mag. Bot., 2, 173.
2. [2]. Baily, L.H., Baily, E.Z. (1976). Petunia. In: Hortus Third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan Publishing, New York, USA, 850-851.
3. [3]. Kessler, R.JR. (1999). Greenhouse Production of Petunias. Southeastern Floriculture, 15-19.
4. [4]. Hoda, E. El-M., Mona, S. (2014). Effect of bio and chemical fertilizers on growth and flowering of Petunia hybrida plants. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 9(2), 68-77. doi:10.3923/ajpp.2014.68.77
5. [5]. Boodley, J.W. (1975). Plant nutrition and flower crop quality (Dianthus caryophyllus). Horti. Sci., 10(1), 41-48.
6. [6]. Gülser, C., Pekşen, A. (2003). Using tea waste as a new casing material in mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (L.) Sing.) cultivation. Bioresource Technology, 88(2), 153-156. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00279-1
7. [7]. Akça, M.O, Namlı, A. (2015). Effects of poultry litter biochar on soil enzyme activities and tomato, pepper and lettuce plants growth. Eurasian J Soil Sci., 4(3): 161-168. doi:10.18393/ejss.2015.3.161-168
8. [8]. Demir, Z., Gülser, C. (2015). Effects of rice husk compost application on soil quality par ammeters in greenhouse conditions. Eurasian J Soil Sci., 4(3), 185 190. doi:0.18393/ejss.2015.3.185-190

9. [9]. Gülser, C., Candemir, F., Kanel, Y., Demirkaya, S. (2015). Effect of manure on organic carbon content and fractal dimensions of aggregates. Eurasian J Soil Sci., 4(1), 1-5. doi: 10.18393/ejss.85620
10. [10]. Özdemir, N., Öztürk, E., Tebessüm, Ö., Durmuş, K., Ekberli, İ. (2015). Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on soil erodibility. Eurasian J Soil Sci., 4(4), 266-271.
11. [11]. Zaller, J.G. (2007). Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientia Hortic., 112(2), 191-199. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2006.12.023
12. [12]. Ko, H.J., Kim, K.Y., Kim, H.T., Kim, C.N., Umeda, M. (2008). Evaluation of maturity parameters and heavy metal contents in composts made from animal manure. Waste Manage., 28(5), 813-820. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2007.05.010
13. [13]. Kacar, B. (1984). Bitki Besleme Uygulama Kılavuzu. A.Ü.Z.F.Yay. No:900. Uygulama Kılavuzu: 214, Ankara, 104.
14. [14]. Kacar, B. (2010). Toprak Analizleri. Genişletilmiş Baskı, XVIII, Nobel yayın Dağıtım. 468.
15. [15]. SPSS (2018). IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
16. [16]. Castrillion, L., Fernandez-Nava Y., Maranon, E., Garcia L., Berrueta, J. (2009). Anoxic-aerobic treatment of the liquid fraction of cattle manure. Waste Manage., 29(2), 761 766. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2008.06.027
17. [17]. Indraratne, S.P., Hao, X., Chang, C., Godlinski, F. (2009). Rate of soil recovery following termination of long-term cattle manure applications. Geoderma, 150(3-4), 415–423. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.03.002
18. [18]. Nkongolo, N.V., Gauthier, F., Caron, J. (2007). Effects of fresh and composted organic waste on media physical properties and growth of three ornamental species. Int. J. of Soil Sci., 2(4), 235-246. doi:10.3923/ijss.2007.235.246
19. [19]. Gülser, F., Çığ, A., Sönmez, F. (2010). Bazı organik materyallerin kadife çiçeğinde (Tagetes erecta F1 Antigua Orange) bitki gelişimine, çiçeklenme kalitesine ve besin elementi içeriğine etkileri. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Özel Sayı, 671-675.
20. [20]. Chamani, E., Joyce, D.C., Reihanytabar, A. (2008). Vermicompost effects on the growth and flowering of Petunia hybrida ‘Dream Neon Rose’. American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3(3), 506-512.
21. [21]. James, E.C., Van Iersel, M.W. (2001). Fertilizer concentration affects growth and flowering of subirrigated Petunias and Begonias. HortScience, 36(1), 40-44. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.36.1.40
22. [22]. Jones, J.B. Jr., Wolf B., Mills H.A. (1991). Plant Analysis Handbook. Micro- Nacro Publishing INc., Georgia. 30607.USA.
23. [23]. Marschner, H. (1994). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. London; Academic Press, 889.
24. [24]. Barik, K. (2011). Ahır gübresi ve pancar küspesi ilavesinin toprağın bazı özelliklerine olan etkisi. J. of Agricultural Faculty of Atatürk Univ., 42(2), 133-138.
25. [25]. Sager, M. (2007). Trace and nutrient elements in manure, dung and compost samples in Austria. Soil Biol Biochem., 39(6), 1383-1390. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.015
26. [26]. Raviv, M., Reuveni, R., Zaidman, B.Z. (1998). Improved media for organic trasplants. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture., 16(1), 53-64. doi:10.1080/01448765.1998.9755218
27. [27]. Inbar, Y., Chen, Y., Hadar, M. (1990). Humic substances formed during the composting of organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54(5), 1316-1323. doi:10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400050019x
28. [28]. Abad, M., Noguera, P., Bures, S. (2001). National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production: case study in Spain. Bioresour Technol., 77(2), 197-200.