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Physical and Mechanical Properties of Geosynthetic Clay Covers

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 34 - 56, 30.06.2022

Öz

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCL); is a material consisting of a fine granular powder or sodium bentonite placed between
two layers of a geosynthetic material, usually a geotextile or geomembrane. GCLs; The bentonite contained in the
geotextiles on both sides is bonded with an adhesive, needle punch or suture bonding. Needle punching causes some
fibers in the upper geotextile to extend into the bentonite and lower geotextile, binding the entire structure together. Fibers
pierced in the lower geotextile either rely on natural entanglement and friction to hold the GCL together, or are heated
and fused to the underlying geotextile, potentially creating a stronger bond between the two geotextiles and bentonite.
Bentonite is the most important component of GCLs and is a granular clay composed of highly adsorbing volcanic ash
(usually sodium bentonite). This material has high water retention and swelling potential. The hydraulic properties and
conductivity of GCLs vary depending on the quality of the clay used. The properties of bentonite clay can be enhanced
by adding other additives. In this paper, the physical and mechanical properties of GCL has been studied.

Kaynakça

  • Athanassopoulos, C. (2011). Geosynthetic clay liners in coal combustion residual containment applications. In World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference, Denver, CO, USA http://www. flyash. info.
  • Aydın, M. C., & Gelberi, G. (2018). Morgedik Barajı Geçirimsizlik Problemi ve Çözüm Uygulaması. Su Kaynakları, 3(2), 1-7.
  • Budihardjo, M., Chegenizadeh, A., & Nikraz, H. (2012). A review of key factors on Geosynthetic clay liners’ performance as liner system. International Journal of Biological, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, 1(3), 117-119.
  • Bouazza, A. (2002). Geosynthetic clay liners. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 20(1), 3-17.
  • Bouazza, A., Gates, W. P., & Abuel-Naga, H. (2006). Factors impacting liquid and gas flow through geosynthetic clay liners. Geosynthetics–Recent Developments. Commemorating Two Decades of Geosynthetics in India, 119-146.
  • Elseifi, M. A., Al-Qadi, I. L., Loulizi, A., & Wilkes, J. (2001). Performance of geocomposite membrane as pavement moisture barrier. Transportation research record, 1772(1), 168-173.
  • Guyonnet, D., Touze-Foltz, N., Norotte, V., Pothier, C., Didier, G., Gailhanou, H., ... & Warmont, F. (2009). Performance-based indicators for controlling geosynthetic clay liners in landfill applications. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(5), 321-331.
  • GCL Brochure Cetco. (2017) “solutions for containment and remediation”.
  • Ghazizadeh, S., & Bareither, C. (2018). Critical strength of high peel strength geosynthetic clay liners at low normal stresses. Tailing and Mine waste 2018.
  • Ghazizadeh, S., & Bareither, C. A. (2021). Failure mechanisms of geosynthetic clay liner and textured geomembrane composite systems. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 49(3), 789-803.
  • Maubeuge, K.P., Coulson, J.P., & Hedrich, F. (2006). Landfill Cap Design With Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Proceedings of the International Symposium, Nuremberg, Germany, 16-17 April 2002.
  • Kommu, S., & Asadi, S. S. (2020, February). Suitability Of Geocomposite Layer For Fly Ash Ponds. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1455, No. 1, p. 012029). IOP Publishing.
  • Lange, K., Rowe, R. K., & Jamieson, H. (2004). Metal migration in geosynthetic clay liners. In Proceedings of the GeoQuebec2004 (October) Conference Quebec.
  • Lu, Y., Abuel-Naga, H., Leong, E. C., Bouazza, A., & Lock, P. (2018). Effect of water salinity on the water retention curve of geosynthetic clay liners. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 46(6), 707-714.
  • Rouhollah, S. G., Fazlollah, S., & Bahador, A. (2013). Study of geosynthetic clay liner layers effect on decreasing soil pollution in the bed of sanitary land fills. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 5(8), 452-457.
  • Shan, H. Y., & Chen, R. H. (2003). Effect of gravel subgrade on hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liner. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 21(6), 339-354.
  • Salemi, N., Abtahi, S. M., Rowshanzamir, M., & Hejazi, S. M. (2016). A study on the hydraulic performance of sandwich geosynthetic clay liners reinforced with nanoclay particles. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 18(6), 693-711.
  • Seiphoori, A., Laloui, L., Ferrari, A., Hassan, M., & Khushefati, W. H. (2016). Water retention and swelling behaviour of granular bentonites for application in Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) systems. Soils and Foundations, 56(3), 449-459.
  • Von Maubeuge, K. P., & Ehrenberg, H. (2014, September). Investigation of bentonite mass per unit area requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Berlin, Germany (pp. 21-25).
  • Viana, P. M. F., Palmeira, E. M., & Viana, H. N. L. (2011). Evaluation on the use of alternative materials in geosynthetic clay liners. Soils Rocks, 34, 65-77.
  • Xiong, X. B., Gui, G. Q., & Ma, S. Z. (2009). Research on anti-seepage properties of geosynthetic clay lines in landfills. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2(04), 254.
  • Zanzinger, H., & Alexiew, N. (2000). Prediction of long term shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners with shear creep tests. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Geosynthetic Conference, Bologna (pp. 567-571).

Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 34 - 56, 30.06.2022

Öz

Geosentetik Kil Örtüleri (GCL); genellikle bir geotekstil veya geomembran olan bir geosentetik malzemenin iki katmanı
arasına konan ince bir granüler toz veya sodyum bentonitten oluşan malzemedir. GCL’ler; her iki taraftaki geotekstillerin
içerdiği bentonit ile bir yapıştırıcı, iğneyle delme veya dikiş bağlama ile yapıştırılır. İğne delme işlemi, üstteki
geotekstildeki bazı liflerin tüm yapıyı birbirine bağlayarak bentonit ve alt geotekstile uzanmasına neden olur. Alt
geotekstilde delinen lifler ya GCL'yi bir arada tutmak için doğal dolanma ve sürtünmeye dayanır ya da ısıtılarak alttaki
geotekstile kaynaşarak potansiyel olarak iki geotekstil ve bentonit arasında daha güçlü bir bağ oluşturur. Bentonit
GCL’lerin en önemli bileşenidir ve yüksek oranda adsorbe eden volkanik küllerden oluşan (genellikle sodyum bentonittir)
granüler kildir. Bu malzeme yüksek su tutma ve şişme potansiyeline sahiptir. GCL’lerin hidrolik özellikleri ve iletkenliği
kullanılan kilin kalitesine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bentonit kilinin özellikleri başka katkı maddeleri de eklenerek
güçlendirilebilir. Bu makale kapsamında, geosentetik malzeme türlerinden olan Geosentetik Kil Örtüsü malzemesinin
fiziksel ve mekaniksel özellikleri ele alınmıştır. 

Kaynakça

  • Athanassopoulos, C. (2011). Geosynthetic clay liners in coal combustion residual containment applications. In World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference, Denver, CO, USA http://www. flyash. info.
  • Aydın, M. C., & Gelberi, G. (2018). Morgedik Barajı Geçirimsizlik Problemi ve Çözüm Uygulaması. Su Kaynakları, 3(2), 1-7.
  • Budihardjo, M., Chegenizadeh, A., & Nikraz, H. (2012). A review of key factors on Geosynthetic clay liners’ performance as liner system. International Journal of Biological, Ecological and Environmental Sciences, 1(3), 117-119.
  • Bouazza, A. (2002). Geosynthetic clay liners. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 20(1), 3-17.
  • Bouazza, A., Gates, W. P., & Abuel-Naga, H. (2006). Factors impacting liquid and gas flow through geosynthetic clay liners. Geosynthetics–Recent Developments. Commemorating Two Decades of Geosynthetics in India, 119-146.
  • Elseifi, M. A., Al-Qadi, I. L., Loulizi, A., & Wilkes, J. (2001). Performance of geocomposite membrane as pavement moisture barrier. Transportation research record, 1772(1), 168-173.
  • Guyonnet, D., Touze-Foltz, N., Norotte, V., Pothier, C., Didier, G., Gailhanou, H., ... & Warmont, F. (2009). Performance-based indicators for controlling geosynthetic clay liners in landfill applications. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 27(5), 321-331.
  • GCL Brochure Cetco. (2017) “solutions for containment and remediation”.
  • Ghazizadeh, S., & Bareither, C. (2018). Critical strength of high peel strength geosynthetic clay liners at low normal stresses. Tailing and Mine waste 2018.
  • Ghazizadeh, S., & Bareither, C. A. (2021). Failure mechanisms of geosynthetic clay liner and textured geomembrane composite systems. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 49(3), 789-803.
  • Maubeuge, K.P., Coulson, J.P., & Hedrich, F. (2006). Landfill Cap Design With Geosynthetic Clay Liners, Proceedings of the International Symposium, Nuremberg, Germany, 16-17 April 2002.
  • Kommu, S., & Asadi, S. S. (2020, February). Suitability Of Geocomposite Layer For Fly Ash Ponds. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1455, No. 1, p. 012029). IOP Publishing.
  • Lange, K., Rowe, R. K., & Jamieson, H. (2004). Metal migration in geosynthetic clay liners. In Proceedings of the GeoQuebec2004 (October) Conference Quebec.
  • Lu, Y., Abuel-Naga, H., Leong, E. C., Bouazza, A., & Lock, P. (2018). Effect of water salinity on the water retention curve of geosynthetic clay liners. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 46(6), 707-714.
  • Rouhollah, S. G., Fazlollah, S., & Bahador, A. (2013). Study of geosynthetic clay liner layers effect on decreasing soil pollution in the bed of sanitary land fills. International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 5(8), 452-457.
  • Shan, H. Y., & Chen, R. H. (2003). Effect of gravel subgrade on hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liner. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 21(6), 339-354.
  • Salemi, N., Abtahi, S. M., Rowshanzamir, M., & Hejazi, S. M. (2016). A study on the hydraulic performance of sandwich geosynthetic clay liners reinforced with nanoclay particles. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 18(6), 693-711.
  • Seiphoori, A., Laloui, L., Ferrari, A., Hassan, M., & Khushefati, W. H. (2016). Water retention and swelling behaviour of granular bentonites for application in Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) systems. Soils and Foundations, 56(3), 449-459.
  • Von Maubeuge, K. P., & Ehrenberg, H. (2014, September). Investigation of bentonite mass per unit area requirements for Geosynthetic Clay Liners. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Berlin, Germany (pp. 21-25).
  • Viana, P. M. F., Palmeira, E. M., & Viana, H. N. L. (2011). Evaluation on the use of alternative materials in geosynthetic clay liners. Soils Rocks, 34, 65-77.
  • Xiong, X. B., Gui, G. Q., & Ma, S. Z. (2009). Research on anti-seepage properties of geosynthetic clay lines in landfills. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2(04), 254.
  • Zanzinger, H., & Alexiew, N. (2000). Prediction of long term shear strength of geosynthetic clay liners with shear creep tests. In Proceedings of the 2nd European Geosynthetic Conference, Bologna (pp. 567-571).
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Kaveh Dehghanıan 0000-0002-6372-4984

Esra Sariay 0000-0003-1928-4931

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Ocak 2022
Kabul Tarihi 28 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Dehghanıan, K., & Sariay, E. (2022). Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, 3(1), 34-56.
AMA Dehghanıan K, Sariay E. Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri. imctd. Haziran 2022;3(1):34-56.
Chicago Dehghanıan, Kaveh, ve Esra Sariay. “Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel Ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri”. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 34-56.
EndNote Dehghanıan K, Sariay E (01 Haziran 2022) Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 3 1 34–56.
IEEE K. Dehghanıan ve E. Sariay, “Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri”, imctd, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 34–56, 2022.
ISNAD Dehghanıan, Kaveh - Sariay, Esra. “Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel Ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri”. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları ve Teknolojileri Dergisi 3/1 (Haziran 2022), 34-56.
JAMA Dehghanıan K, Sariay E. Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri. imctd. 2022;3:34–56.
MLA Dehghanıan, Kaveh ve Esra Sariay. “Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel Ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri”. İleri Mühendislik Çalışmaları Ve Teknolojileri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 34-56.
Vancouver Dehghanıan K, Sariay E. Geosentetik Kil Örtülerin Fiziksel ve Mekaniksel Özellikleri. imctd. 2022;3(1):34-56.