Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers

Hasan Dağlı; Fatma İnanç Tolun; Adem Doğaner; Işıl Yağmur

doi:10.17944/interdiscip.1789099

Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers

Abstract

Objective: Maraş powder is a smokeless tobacco product made by combining dried Nicotiana rustica leaves with wood ash and is used by placing it in the lower lip. In addition to nicotine’s local and systemic effects, excess free radicals contribute to oxidative injury. This study aimed to compare the oxidative stress markers and antioxidant vitamin levels among Maraş powder users, smokers, and healthy controls Method: We enrolled 32 male Maraş powder users ( 1–2 grams, 3–6 times/day for at least one year), 32 male cigarette smokers (≥1 pack/day for at least one year), and 32 healthy male controls from Kahramanmaraş and nearby villages. After fasting (12 h) and abstaining from tobacco use for 8 h, venous blood samples were collected in the morning (08:00–10:00). Serum was stored at −80 °C. Using commercial colorimetric kits, Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), total thiol, and native thiol levels were measured. Vitamin A, C, and E levels were measured by ELISA. Statistical tests included Shapiro–Wilk, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: No significant differences were observed in the TAS, TOS, total thiol, or native thiol levels among the three groups (all p > 0.05). In contrast, vitamin A, C, and E levels differed significantly among the groups (p = 0.01 for vitamin A; p = 0.05 for vitamin C; p = 0.02 for vitamin E). Vitamin A levels were highest among Maraş powder users, and vitamin C and E levels were lowest among cigarette smokers. Conclusion: Although Maraş powder and cigarette smoking did not significantly affect global oxidative stress markers or thiol levels in this sample, smoking was associated with lower vitamin C and E levels. Maraş powder users exhibited elevated vitamin A levels. Findings suggest that different forms of tobacco exposure may exert distinct effects on the antioxidant vitamin status. Future studies with larger sample sizes and dietary controls are required.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Scientific Research Council

Project Number

2018/4-20 M

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Thanks

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University (KSÜ BAP). We would like to express our sincere gratitude for their financial and academic support.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Medical Pharmacology, Family Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hasan Dağlı ^*
0000-0003-2756-6277
Türkiye

Fatma İnanç Tolun
0000-0002-1157-2958
Türkiye

Adem Doğaner
0000-0002-0270-9350
Türkiye

Işıl Yağmur
0000-0002-7009-4693
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 16, 2026

Submission Date

September 22, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 17 Number: 57

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1789099

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA94RP92TT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Dağlı, H., İnanç Tolun, F., Doğaner, A., & Yağmur, I. (2026). Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers. Interdisciplinary Medical Journal, 17(57), 78-84. https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1789099

AMA

1.Dağlı H, İnanç Tolun F, Doğaner A, Yağmur I. Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers. Interdiscip Med J. 2026;17(57):78-84. doi:10.17944/interdiscip.1789099

Chicago

Dağlı, Hasan, Fatma İnanç Tolun, Adem Doğaner, and Işıl Yağmur. 2026. “Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in Maraş Powder Users and Smokers”. Interdisciplinary Medical Journal 17 (57): 78-84. https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1789099.

EndNote

Dağlı H, İnanç Tolun F, Doğaner A, Yağmur I (April 1, 2026) Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers. Interdisciplinary Medical Journal 17 57 78–84.

IEEE

[1]H. Dağlı, F. İnanç Tolun, A. Doğaner, and I. Yağmur, “Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers”, Interdiscip Med J, vol. 17, no. 57, pp. 78–84, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.17944/interdiscip.1789099.

ISNAD

Dağlı, Hasan - İnanç Tolun, Fatma - Doğaner, Adem - Yağmur, Işıl. “Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in Maraş Powder Users and Smokers”. Interdisciplinary Medical Journal 17/57 (April 1, 2026): 78-84. https://doi.org/10.17944/interdiscip.1789099.

JAMA

1.Dağlı H, İnanç Tolun F, Doğaner A, Yağmur I. Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers. Interdiscip Med J. 2026;17:78–84.

MLA

Dağlı, Hasan, et al. “Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamin Levels in Maraş Powder Users and Smokers”. Interdisciplinary Medical Journal, vol. 17, no. 57, Apr. 2026, pp. 78-84, doi:10.17944/interdiscip.1789099.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Dağlı, Fatma İnanç Tolun, Adem Doğaner, Işıl Yağmur. Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in Maraş powder users and smokers. Interdiscip Med J. 2026 Apr. 1;17(57):78-84. doi:10.17944/interdiscip.1789099