Research Article

Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading

Volume: 27 Number: 1 April 30, 2026
TR EN

Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading

Abstract

This study examined the Turkish course‐related and reading anxiety, as well as the reading difficulties, of Syrian students attending primary schools in Turkey. Data were collected from 395 students using the Turkish Course Anxiety Scale (TDKÖ) and the Turkish Reading Anxiety Scale (TOKÖ). According to the analysis results, while a significant difference was found in communication anxiety by gender (p = .021), no difference was observed in overall anxiety levels (p = .580). As grade level increased, Turkish course anxiety (p = .005), test anxiety (p = .010), and fear of negative evaluation (p = .035) decreased; similarly, reading anxiety differed by both gender (p = .037) and grade level (p = .002). In addition, a moderate relationship was identified between Turkish course anxiety and reading anxiety (r = .566, p < .01), and a significantly high negative relationship was found between reading anxiety and Turkish reading achievement (p < .001). The results indicate that the anxieties experienced by Syrian students interact with their learning processes. Therefore, support programs should be implemented to reduce students' anxieties.

Keywords

Anxiety, Turkish Language Course Anxiety, Reading Anxiety, Reading Difficulty

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Social and Human Sciences Units at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (06.02.2024-03).

References

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APA
Güneş, M. K., Özokcu, O., & Yıldırım, B. (2026). Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 27(1), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1832050
AMA
1.Güneş MK, Özokcu O, Yıldırım B. Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading. INUJFE. 2026;27(1):303-319. doi:10.17679/inuefd.1832050
Chicago
Güneş, Miray Koçer, Osman Özokcu, and Bilal Yıldırım. 2026. “Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27 (1): 303-19. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1832050.
EndNote
Güneş MK, Özokcu O, Yıldırım B (April 1, 2026) Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27 1 303–319.
IEEE
[1]M. K. Güneş, O. Özokcu, and B. Yıldırım, “Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading”, INUJFE, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 303–319, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.17679/inuefd.1832050.
ISNAD
Güneş, Miray Koçer - Özokcu, Osman - Yıldırım, Bilal. “Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27/1 (April 1, 2026): 303-319. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1832050.
JAMA
1.Güneş MK, Özokcu O, Yıldırım B. Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading. INUJFE. 2026;27:303–319.
MLA
Güneş, Miray Koçer, et al. “Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, vol. 27, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 303-19, doi:10.17679/inuefd.1832050.
Vancouver
1.Miray Koçer Güneş, Osman Özokcu, Bilal Yıldırım. Reading Anxiety and Difficulties of Syrian Students in Turkish Reading. INUJFE. 2026 Apr. 1;27(1):303-19. doi:10.17679/inuefd.1832050