PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS

Hasan Demirtaş; Niyazi Özer; Fatih Pehlivan

doi:10.17679/inuefd.1929837

TR EN

OKUL MÜDÜRLERİ ETİK LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ: ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARINA DAYALI BİR GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Abstract

Etik liderlik, özellikle eğitim ortamlarında yöneticilerin yalnızca örgütsel etkililiği değil, aynı zamanda okulun ahlaki iklimini, güven ortamını ve profesyonel ilişkilerini de şekillendirmesi nedeniyle liderliğin kritik bir boyutu olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye’de etik liderlik alanındaki araştırmalar son yıllarda artış göstermiş olmakla birlikte, kültürler arası ve uluslararası karşılaştırmalara imkân tanıyan geçerli ve güvenilir ölçme araçlarına duyulan ihtiyaç devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Yukl ve arkadaşları (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Etik Liderlik Ölçeği’nin (ELÖ) okul yöneticileri bağlamında Türkçeye uyarlanmasını ve öğretmen algılarına dayalı olarak geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Malatya ilinde farklı okul türlerinde görev yapan öğretmenlerden oluşan iki bağımsız örneklem (N=152 ve N=153) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Ölçeğin uyarlama sürecinde çeviri, geri çeviri, uzman görüşü ve dilsel eşdeğerlik aşamalarını içeren standart prosedürler izlenmiştir. Yapı geçerliği Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) ile incelenmiş; güvenirlik ise iç tutarlılık katsayıları üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin güçlü bir tek boyutlu yapıya sahip olduğunu ve toplam varyansın yaklaşık %87’sini açıkladığını göstermiştir. Faktör yüklerinin yüksek düzeyde olduğu (.890–.965) belirlenmiş; Cronbach alfa (α) ve McDonald omega (ω) katsayılarının .99 olması, ölçeğin mükemmel düzeyde iç tutarlılığa sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. DFA sonuçları, tek faktörlü modelin kabul edilebilir uyum indekslerine sahip olduğunu desteklemektedir. Bulgular, Okul Müdürü Etik Liderlik Ölçeği (Principal Ethical Leadership Scale [PELS]) olarak adlandırılan ELÖ’nün Türkçe formunun, okul yöneticilerinin etik liderlik davranışlarını öğretmen algılarına dayalı olarak değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçek, eğitim yönetimi alanında hem ampirik araştırmalara hem de uygulamaya yönelik çalışmalara önemli katkılar sunmaktadır.

Keywords

etik liderlik, ölçek uyarlama, okul müdürleri

PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS

Abstract

Ethical leadership is a critical dimension of leadership, particularly in educational settings, where the moral climate, trust, and professional relationships within schools are influenced by leaders. Although the body of research on ethical leadership in Türkiye has expanded in recent years, there remains a persistent need for valid and reliable measurement instruments that enable cross-cultural and international comparisons. This study aims to adapt the Ethical Leadership Questionnaire (ELQ), originally developed by Yukl et al. (2013), into Turkish within the context of school principals and to examine its validity and reliability based on teachers’ perceptions. The study was conducted with two independent samples of teachers (N=152 and N=153) from different types of schools in Malatya. The adaptation process followed standard procedures, including translation, back-translation, expert review, and linguistic validation. Construct validity was examined through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), while reliability was assessed using internal consistency coefficients. The findings revealed that the scale has a strong unidimensional structure, which explains approximately 87% of the total variance. The factor loadings were high (.890–.965); Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) coefficients were .99, indicating that the scale has excellent internal consistency. CFA results supported the single-factor model with acceptable fit indices. The findings indicate that the Turkish version of the ELQ, which is the Principal Ethical Leadership Scale (PELS), is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing school principals’ ethical leadership behaviors based on teachers’ perceptions. The scale offers a valuable contribution to both empirical research and practical applications in the field of educational administration.

Keywords

Ethical Leadership, School Principals, Scale Adaptation

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Leadership in Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hasan Demirtaş
0000-0003-4159-8937
Türkiye

Niyazi Özer
0000-0001-7745-6645
Türkiye

Fatih Pehlivan ^*
0000-0003-3258-6635
Türkiye

Publication Date

August 31, 2026

Submission Date

April 14, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 27 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1929837

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74DW33HC

APA

Demirtaş, H., Özer, N., & Pehlivan, F. (2026). PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 27(2), 648-662. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1929837

AMA

1.Demirtaş H, Özer N, Pehlivan F. PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS. INUJFE. 2026;27(2):648-662. doi:10.17679/inuefd.1929837

Chicago

Demirtaş, Hasan, Niyazi Özer, and Fatih Pehlivan. 2026. “PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27 (2): 648-62. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1929837.

EndNote

Demirtaş H, Özer N, Pehlivan F (August 1, 2026) PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27 2 648–662.

IEEE

[1]H. Demirtaş, N. Özer, and F. Pehlivan, “PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS”, INUJFE, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 648–662, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.17679/inuefd.1929837.

ISNAD

Demirtaş, Hasan - Özer, Niyazi - Pehlivan, Fatih. “PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education 27/2 (August 1, 2026): 648-662. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.1929837.

JAMA

1.Demirtaş H, Özer N, Pehlivan F. PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS. INUJFE. 2026;27:648–662.

MLA

Demirtaş, Hasan, et al. “PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS”. İnönü University Journal of the Faculty of Education, vol. 27, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 648-62, doi:10.17679/inuefd.1929837.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Demirtaş, Niyazi Özer, Fatih Pehlivan. PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS. INUJFE. 2026 Aug. 1;27(2):648-62. doi:10.17679/inuefd.1929837

OKUL MÜDÜRLERİ ETİK LİDERLİK ÖLÇEĞİ: ÖĞRETMEN ALGILARINA DAYALI BİR GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

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PRINCIPAL ETHICAL LEADERSHIP SCALE: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY BASED ON TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS

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