EXAMINING THE PROFESSIONAL DEDICATION LEVELS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS WORKING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT VARIABLES
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 93 - 108, 30.06.2024
Cahit Nuri
,
Kevser Güleç
,
Başak Bağlama
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the professional commitment levels of special education teachers working in inclusive classes in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), according to different variables. This study used a relational survey model, which is a quantitative research method. A total of 130 special education teachers working in special education schools participated in this research during the 2021-2022 academic year. In the study, “Demographic Information Form” and “Teaching Professional Commitment Scale” were used as data collection tools. According to the findings obtained from the research, no significant differences were found in special education teachers’ professional commitment according to age, gender, marital status, professional seniority, support from colleagues, and support from administrators. Significant differences were found in special education teachers’ professional commitment according to educational status, job satisfaction, and wage satisfaction. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, it has been revealed that special education teachers who are satisfied with their job are highly committed to their profession, self-sacrificing and devoted to their students.
Ethical Statement
The ethical approval for this research was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the International Cyprus University Rectorate on 17.01.2022 with the decision number EKK21-22/08/001. The authors of the study acted in accordance with ethical rules in all processes of the research. There are no individuals or financial relationships that could be perceived as potential conflicts of interest related to this study.
References
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- Evans, E. D., & Tribble, M. (1986). Perceived teaching problems, self-efficacy, and communication to teaching among preservice teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 80(2), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1986.10885728
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- France, P. (2008). Factors affecting special-education teacher retention and attrition in a school district in Virginia. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (UMI: 3323348)
- Francisco, M. P. B., Hartman, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Inclusion and special education. Education Sciences, 10(9), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090238
- Guarino, C. M., Santibanez, L., & Daley, G. A. (2006). Teacher recruitment and retention: A review of the recent empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 76(2), 173- 208. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076002173
- Gül, C., & Gül, İ. (2022). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine adanmışlık düzeyleri ile uyguladıkları aile katılım stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationship between preschool teachers' level of commitment to the teaching profession and their family participation strategies]. Buca Faculty of Education Journal, (54), 788-806. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1039798
- Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
- Hoy, W. K., ve Miskel, C. G. (2010). Education management. (Trans. Ed: S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
- Ibrahim, M., & Iqbal, M. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions of professional commitment (affective, continuance and normative commitment) to teaching profession. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(10), 64-80. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234626423.pdf
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: an organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 8(3), 499-534. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499.
- Kaplan, M., & Ogut, A. (2012). Analysis of the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment. A practice in hotel businesses. Suleyman Demirel University. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 17(1), 387-401.
- Karahan, Ş., ve Uyanık-Balat, G. (2011). The analysis of self-efficacy perception and burnout level of special education school educators. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/114592
- Karasar, N. (2015). Scientific research method: concepts, principles, techniques. Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
- Kose, S., & Gonulluoglu, S. (2010). A research for determining the effect of organisational support on organisatinal commitment. Dumlupinar University Social Sciences Journal, 27, 85-94.
- Koustelios, A. D. (2001). Personal characteristics and job satisfaction of Greek teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 15(7), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005931
- Kozikoğlu, İ., & Özcanli, N. (2020). The relationship between teachers' 21st century teaching skills and their engagement to the profession. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 9(1), 270-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.579925
- Kozikoğlu, İ., & Senemoğlu, N. (2018). Challenges faced by novice teachers: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 6(3), 341-371. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.6c3s16m
- Mostert, K., & Rathbone, A. D. (2007). Work characteristics, work-home interaction and engagement of employees in the mining industry. Management Dynamics: Journal of the Southern African Institute for Management Scientists, 16(2), 36-52. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC69722
- Nance, E., & Calabrese, R.L. (2009). Special education teacher retention and attrition: the impact of increased legal requirements. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(5), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540910970520
- Nuri, C., Demirok, M. S., & Direktör, C. (2017). Determination of self-efficacy and burnout state of teachers working in the special education field in terms of different variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(3), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i3.2237
- Özdemir, L., Çifci, H., & Sayan, Ö. (2022). Examination of special education practices, institutions and official personel in the historical process. Atlas Journal of Social Sciences, 1(9). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2214213
- Özsoy, Y., Özyürek, M., & Eripek, S. (2001). Children in need of special education. Ankara: Karatepe Publications.
- Özyürek, M. (2008). Problems and solutions in training qualified teachers: An example of special education. Turkish Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 189-226. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/256317
- Piercy, N. F., Cravens, D. W., Lane, N., & Vorhies, D. W. (2006). Driving organizational citizenship behaviors and salesperson in-role behavior performance: The role of management control and perceived organizational support. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 244-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070305280532
- Repetto, J., Cavanaugh, C., Wayer, N., & Liu, F. (2010). Virtual high schools: Improving outcomes for students with disabilities. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(2).
- Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
- Sawang, S. (2012). Is there an inverted u-shaped relationship between job demands and work engagement-the moderating role of social support. International Journal of Manpower, 33 (2), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211225426
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
- Shann, M. H. (2014). Professional commitment and satisfaction among teachers in urban middle schools. The Journal of Educational Research, 92(2), 67-73, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679809597578.
- Shukla, S. (2014). Teaching competency, professional commitment and job satisfaction-a study of primary school teachers. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 4(3), 44-64.
- Stempien, L. R., & Loeb, R. C. (2002). Differences in job satisfaction between general education and special education teachers: Implications for retention. Remedial and Special education, 23(5), 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325020230050101
- Stringer, C. (2007). The relationship between strategic alignment, meaningful work, and employee engagement. The University of New Mexico.
- Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2010). The effect of perceived organizational support and work stress on organizational identification and job performance. Journal of Management and Economics, 17(2), 183-206.
- Yıldız, N. G., Melekoğlu, M. A., & Paftalı, A. T. (2016). Special education research in Turkey. Elementary Education Online, 15(4), 1076-1089. https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.06677
- Zöğ, H. (2007). The relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction of teachers working in the primary schools of Kağithane district of İstanbul (Unpublished master's thesis). Yıldız Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 93 - 108, 30.06.2024
Cahit Nuri
,
Kevser Güleç
,
Başak Bağlama
References
- Antonison, M. (2010). Evaluation of work engagement as a measure of psychological well-being from work motivation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Hunstville-Alabama.
- Apak, E. G. A. (2009). Relationship between bullying and organizational dedication: A research on primary school teachers. (Unpublished master's thesis). Marmara University, Institute of Educational Sciences, İstanbul.
- Artun, B. (2008). The effect of attitudes related to organizational chances of organization devotion level?s of anatolion higt school teachers (Sakarya sample) (Unpublished master's thesis). Yeditepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
- Attridge, M. (2009). Measuring and managing employee work engagement: A review of the research and business literature. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24(4), 383-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240903188398
- Bakker, A. B., & Bal, M. P. (2010). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(1), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317909X402596
- Balci, A. (2021). Professionalization of school management. International Journal of Leadership Studies: Theory and Practive, 4(2), 62-78. https://doi.org/10.52848/ijls.880112
- Bibi, A., Khalid, M. A., & Hussain, A. (2019). Perceived organizational support and organizational commitment among special education teachers in Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(5), 848-859. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2017-0365
- Billingsley, B. S. (2004). Special education teacher retention and attrition: A critical analysis of the research literature. The journal of special education, 38(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/00224669040380010401
- Billingsley, B. S., & Cross, L. H. (1992). Predictors of commitment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay in teaching: A comparison of general and special educators. The Journal of Special Education, 25(4), 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699202500404
- Bogler, R., & Somech, A. (2004). Influence of teacher empowerment on teachers’ organizational commitment, professional commitment and organizational citizenship behavior in schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 20(3), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.02.003
- Butucha, K. (2013). Gender and school type differences in self-efficacy in teaching. Sky Journal of Educational Research, 1(4), 23-31.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2010). Scientific research methods. Ankara: Pegem Publishing.
- Canlı, M. (2020). Okul yöneticilerinin ve öğretmenlerin öğretmenlik mesleğine adanmışlık düzeyleri [in Turkish] (Non-thesis Master's Project). Pamukkale University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Denizli. https://gcris.pau.edu.tr/bitstream/11499/38351/1/Muslu%20CANLI%20Proje.pdf
- Cheung, M. F., & Law, M. C. (2008). Relationships of organizational justice and organizational identification: The mediating effects of perceived organizational support in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Business Review, 14(2), 213-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602380701430879
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. R. B. (2005). Research methods in education (repr). London. RoutledgeFalmer.
- Edwards, M. R., & Peccei, R. (2010). Perceived organizational support, organizational identification, and employee outcomes”, Journal of Personnel Psychology, 9(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000007
- Ehsani, M., Sofdel, H. S., Amiri, M., Masrur, F. F., & Hossini, R. N. S. (2013). Relationship between perceived organizational support with job satisfaction and organizational commitment of sports departments' staff. International Journal of Sport Studies, 3(12), 1302-1306.
- Eldeniz-Çetin, M. (2017). Assessment of the preferences of individuals with special needs. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education, 18(02), 309-328. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.293726
- Emery, D. W., & Vandenberg, B. (2010). Special Education Teacher Burnout and ACT. International Journal of Special Education, 25(3), 119-131. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ909042.pdf
- Ergul, C., Baydik, B., & Demir, S. (2013). Opinions of in-Service and pre-service special education teachers on the competencies of the undergraduate special education programs. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 13(1), 518-522. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1016666.pdf
- Eroğlu, S. (2007). The level of organizational dedication and motivation of teachers who worked in secondary schools in which total quality management is practiced (Unpublished master's thesis). Yeditepe University, Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul.
- Er-Sabuncuoğlu, D. M. (2016). Autism knowledge; preschool educators. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 3(1), 28-52. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.259140
- Ertürk, E. (2011). The relationship between perception of organizational justice and teachers? organizational commitment in primary and secondary schools (Unpublished master's thesis). Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Institute of Social Sciences, Burdur.
- Evans, E. D., & Tribble, M. (1986). Perceived teaching problems, self-efficacy, and communication to teaching among preservice teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 80(2), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1986.10885728
- Fernandes, P. R. D. S., Jardim, J., & Lopes, M. C. D. S. (2021). The soft skills of special education teachers: Evidence from the literature. Education Sciences, 11(3), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030125
- France, P. (2008). Factors affecting special-education teacher retention and attrition in a school district in Virginia. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (UMI: 3323348)
- Francisco, M. P. B., Hartman, M., & Wang, Y. (2020). Inclusion and special education. Education Sciences, 10(9), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10090238
- Guarino, C. M., Santibanez, L., & Daley, G. A. (2006). Teacher recruitment and retention: A review of the recent empirical literature. Review of Educational Research, 76(2), 173- 208. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543076002173
- Gül, C., & Gül, İ. (2022). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine adanmışlık düzeyleri ile uyguladıkları aile katılım stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Investigation of the relationship between preschool teachers' level of commitment to the teaching profession and their family participation strategies]. Buca Faculty of Education Journal, (54), 788-806. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1039798
- Hakanen, J. J., Bakker, A. B., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2006). Burnout and work engagement among teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 495-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.11.001
- Hoy, W. K., ve Miskel, C. G. (2010). Education management. (Trans. Ed: S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
- Ibrahim, M., & Iqbal, M. (2015). Teachers’ perceptions of professional commitment (affective, continuance and normative commitment) to teaching profession. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(10), 64-80. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234626423.pdf
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2001). Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: an organizational analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 8(3), 499-534. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312038003499.
- Kaplan, M., & Ogut, A. (2012). Analysis of the relationship between perceived organisational support and organisational commitment. A practice in hotel businesses. Suleyman Demirel University. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 17(1), 387-401.
- Karahan, Ş., ve Uyanık-Balat, G. (2011). The analysis of self-efficacy perception and burnout level of special education school educators. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29, 1-14. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/114592
- Karasar, N. (2015). Scientific research method: concepts, principles, techniques. Ankara: Nobel Publishing.
- Kose, S., & Gonulluoglu, S. (2010). A research for determining the effect of organisational support on organisatinal commitment. Dumlupinar University Social Sciences Journal, 27, 85-94.
- Koustelios, A. D. (2001). Personal characteristics and job satisfaction of Greek teachers. International Journal of Educational Management, 15(7), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005931
- Kozikoğlu, İ., & Özcanli, N. (2020). The relationship between teachers' 21st century teaching skills and their engagement to the profession. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 9(1), 270-290. http://dx.doi.org/10.30703/cije.579925
- Kozikoğlu, İ., & Senemoğlu, N. (2018). Challenges faced by novice teachers: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 6(3), 341-371. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.6c3s16m
- Mostert, K., & Rathbone, A. D. (2007). Work characteristics, work-home interaction and engagement of employees in the mining industry. Management Dynamics: Journal of the Southern African Institute for Management Scientists, 16(2), 36-52. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC69722
- Nance, E., & Calabrese, R.L. (2009). Special education teacher retention and attrition: the impact of increased legal requirements. International Journal of Educational Management, 23(5), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540910970520
- Nuri, C., Demirok, M. S., & Direktör, C. (2017). Determination of self-efficacy and burnout state of teachers working in the special education field in terms of different variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(3), 160-166. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i3.2237
- Özdemir, L., Çifci, H., & Sayan, Ö. (2022). Examination of special education practices, institutions and official personel in the historical process. Atlas Journal of Social Sciences, 1(9). https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2214213
- Özsoy, Y., Özyürek, M., & Eripek, S. (2001). Children in need of special education. Ankara: Karatepe Publications.
- Özyürek, M. (2008). Problems and solutions in training qualified teachers: An example of special education. Turkish Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 189-226. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/256317
- Piercy, N. F., Cravens, D. W., Lane, N., & Vorhies, D. W. (2006). Driving organizational citizenship behaviors and salesperson in-role behavior performance: The role of management control and perceived organizational support. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 244-262. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070305280532
- Repetto, J., Cavanaugh, C., Wayer, N., & Liu, F. (2010). Virtual high schools: Improving outcomes for students with disabilities. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(2).
- Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature. Journal of applied psychology, 87(4), 698. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
- Sawang, S. (2012). Is there an inverted u-shaped relationship between job demands and work engagement-the moderating role of social support. International Journal of Manpower, 33 (2), 178-186. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721211225426
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job Demands, Job Resources, and Their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.248
- Shann, M. H. (2014). Professional commitment and satisfaction among teachers in urban middle schools. The Journal of Educational Research, 92(2), 67-73, https://doi.org/10.1080/00220679809597578.
- Shukla, S. (2014). Teaching competency, professional commitment and job satisfaction-a study of primary school teachers. Journal of Research & Method in Education, 4(3), 44-64.
- Stempien, L. R., & Loeb, R. C. (2002). Differences in job satisfaction between general education and special education teachers: Implications for retention. Remedial and Special education, 23(5), 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325020230050101
- Stringer, C. (2007). The relationship between strategic alignment, meaningful work, and employee engagement. The University of New Mexico.
- Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2010). The effect of perceived organizational support and work stress on organizational identification and job performance. Journal of Management and Economics, 17(2), 183-206.
- Yıldız, N. G., Melekoğlu, M. A., & Paftalı, A. T. (2016). Special education research in Turkey. Elementary Education Online, 15(4), 1076-1089. https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.06677
- Zöğ, H. (2007). The relationship between organizational commitment and job satisfaction of teachers working in the primary schools of Kağithane district of İstanbul (Unpublished master's thesis). Yıldız Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.