A Comparative Study of the Realms of Thinking by German Language Teachers Using Metaphors

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 39, 65 - 79, 27.06.2018

Sevinç Hatipoğlu

Öz

The fact that the perceptions of the teaching profession determine the attitudes of teachers and their behavior within the classroom is mentioned often in different scientific discourses. In this regard, it is important to explore prospective teachers’ perceptions of teachers and the teaching profession in order to make conclusions about their own learning and teaching behavior. The use of metaphors to identify the realms of thinkingof prospective German language teachers regarding their future role as teachers is vital if one assumes that teachers have a fundamental role in the teaching process. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the metaphors that German language teacher trainees employ to describe their role as future teachers. Since the material is analyzed qualitatively, the method of metaphor analysis used: the data were gathered from Turkish and German students in the German language teacher training programs. This study evaluates the likelihood of emerging cultural differences that can be seen in the thinkingof these prospective teachers. The results of the study show that both groups see the teacher as a guide, mentoring and helping their students. It is suggested that the obtained results should be included in the process of German language teacher training, and as such, made part of the discussion of the role of the teacher in the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metaphor, Realms of thinking, Teachers’ role, German language teacher, German teacher education

Kaynakça

• Asmalı, M., & Çelik, H. (2017). EFL teachers‟ conceptualizations of their roles through metaphor analysis. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), 1-13. Borg, S. (2003). Teacher cognition in language learning. A review of research on what language teachers think, know, believe and do. Language Teaching, 36 (2), 81-109. Cerit, Y. (2008). Öğretmen kavramı ile ilgili metaforlara ilişkin öğrenci, öğretmen ve yöneticilerin görüşleri [Views of students, teachers and managers about the metaphors relating to the concept of teacher], Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 6 (4), 693-712. Çetin Köroğlu, Z., & Ekici, G. (2016). English language teacher candidates’ perceptions of language teachers: A metaphor study. International Journal of Languages’ Education and Teaching, 4 (2), 387-398. De Guerrero, M. C. M., & Villamil, O. S. (2000). Exploring ESL teachers' roles through metaphor analysis. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. (TESOL), 34 (2), 341-351. De Guerrero, M. C. M., & Villamil, O. S. (2002). Metaphorical conceptualizations of ESL teaching and learning. Language Teaching Research, 6 (2), 95-120. DUDEN (1999): Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. 3. neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Mannheim/ Leipzig etc.: Duden-Verlag. Eren, A., & Tekinarslan, E. (2013). Prospective Teachers’ Metaphors: Teacher, Teaching, Learning, Instructional Material and Evaluation Concept. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 3 (2), 435-445. Ebner, H. G., & Lehmann, B. (2012). Mit Metaphern den Facetten der Tӓtigkeit von Lehrpersonen auf der Spur. Die berufsbildende Schule, 64 (2), 42-47. Farrell, T. S. C. (2006). “The teacher is an octopus”: Uncovering preservice English language teachers’ prior beliefs through metaphor analysis. RELC, 37, 236–248. Gillis, C., & Johnson, C. L. (2002). Metaphor as renewal: Re-imagining our professional selves. The English Journal, 91 (6), 37–43. Gür, H. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının öğretmen ve öğretmenlik mesleği ile ilgili metaforları: Kosova örneği [Teacher candidates' metaphors related to teaching and teaching profession: Kosova example], E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 7 (3), 885-897. Hattie, J. (2013). Lernen sichtbar machen. Überarbeitete deutschsprachige Ausgabe von Visible Learning. Übersetzt und überarbeitet von W. Beywl & K. Zierer. Baltmannsweiler: Schneider Hohengehren. Helmke, A. (2006). Was wissen wir über guten Unterricht? Über die Notwendigkeit einer Rückbesinnung auf den Unterricht als dem”Kerngeschӓft” der Schule (II Folge). Pӓdagogik, 58 (2), 42-45. Inceçay, V. (2015). The Foreign Language Classroom is Like an Airplane. Metaphorical Conceptualizations of Teachers’ Beliefs. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 6 (2), 74-96. Jensen, D. F. N. (2006). Metaphors as a bridge to understanding educational and social Contexts. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5 (1), 1-17. Kallenbach, C. (1996). Subjektive Theorien. Was Schüler und Schülerinnen über Fremdsprachenlernen denken. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Karabay, A. (2016). An investigation of prospective teachers' views regarding teacher identity via metaphors. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 65, 1-18. Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Lehmann, B. (2012). Entwicklung eines Instruments zur Erfassung unterrichtsbezogener Metaphern. In U. Faßhauer, B. Fürstenau & E. Wuttke (Hrsg.), Berufs- und wirtschaftspädagogische Analysen – aktuelle Forschungen zur beruflichen Bildung. (S. 127-139). Opladen, Berlin, Toronto: Verlag Barbara Budrich. Lehmann, B., & Ebner, H. G. (2011). "Ein Lehrer ist wie...": Mit welchen Metaphern umschreiben Studierende der Wirtschaftspädagogik die Tätigkeit von Lehrpersonen? In U. Faßhauer, Uwe, J. Aff, B. Fürstenau & E. Wuttke (Hrsg.), Lehr-Lernforschung und Professionalisierung. Perspektiven der Berufsbildungsforschung (S. 135-145). Opladen & Farmington Hills: Verlag Barbara Budrich. Lipowsky, F. (2006). Auf den Lehrer kommt es an. Empirische Evidenzen für Zusammenhänge zwischen Lehrerkompetenzen, Lehrerhandeln und dem Lernen der Schüler. In C. Allemann-Ghionda & E. Terhart (Hrsg.), Kompetenzen und Kompetenzentwicklung von Lehrerinnen und Lehrern (S. 47-70). Weinheim: Beltz Verlag. Marsch, S., Scheuch, M., & Krüger, D. (2008). Experten beschreiben das Lehren und Lernen im Biologieunterricht. Nutzung von Metaphern zur Beschreibung konstruktivistischer Lernumgebungen. Erkenntnisweg Biologiedidaktik 7, 53-68. Marsch, S. (2009). Metaphern des Lehrens und Lernens. Vom Denken, Reden und Handeln bei Biologielehrern. (Nicht veröffentlichte Dissertation). Freie Universitӓt Berlin, Deutschland. Martínez, M. A., Sauleda, N., & Huber, G. L. (2001). Metaphors as blueprints of thinking about teaching and learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17, 965–977. Nikitina, L., & Furuoka, F. (2008). “A Language Teacher is Like…”: Examining Malaysian Students’ Perceptions of Language Teachers through Metaphor Analysis”. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 5 (2), 192–205. Oktay, Y. B., & Vancı Osam, Ü. (2013). Viewing foreign language teachers’ roles through the eyes of teachers and students. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education], 44, 249-261. Oxford, R., Tomlinson, S., Barcelos, A., Harrington, C., Lavine, R. Z., & Saleh, A. (1998). Clashing metaphors about classroom teachers: Toward a systematic typology for the language teaching field. System 26 (1), 3–50. Peyer, A., & Künzli, R. (1999). Metaphern in der Didaktik. Zeitschrift für Pädagogik 45 (2), 177-194. Pishghadam, R., Fatemi, A. H., Torghabeh, R. A., & Navari, S. (2011). Qualitative metaphor analysis and language learning opportunities. Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14 (1), 77- 108. Radden, G. (1997). Konzeptuelle Metaphern in der kognitiven Semantik. In W. Börner & K. Vogel (Hrsg.), Kognitive Linguistik und Fremdsprachenerwerb. 2. Aufl. (S. 69–84). Tübingen: Narr. Saban, A. (2006). Functions of Metaphor in Teaching and Teacher Education: A review essay. Teaching Education 17 (4), 299-315. Saban, A., Koçbeker, B. N., & Saban, A. (2006). Öğretmen adaylarının öğretmen kavramına ilişkin algılarının metafor analizi yoluyla incelenmesi [Investigation of perceptions of teacher candidates about teacher concept through metaphor analysis], Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 6 (2), 461-522. Saban, A., Koçbeker, B. N., & Saban, A. (2007). Prospective teachers’ conceptions of teaching and learning revealed through metaphor analysis. Learning and Instruction, 17 (2), 123- 139. Schmitt, R. (2003). Methode und Subjektivität in der Systematischen Metaphernanalyse, Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 4 (2). Abgerufen von http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0302415 [10.03.2018]. Schmitt, R. (2011a). Metaphern für Lernen und Lehren: Drei Annäherungen. Sammelbesprechung Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 12 (3). Abgerufen von http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs1103195 [10.03.2018]. Schmitt, R. (2011b). Metaphernanalyse in der Erziehungswissenschaft. In. S. Maschke & L. Stecher (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie Erziehungswissenschaft Online. Fachgebiet: Methoden der empirischen erziehungswissenschaftlichen Forschung, Qualitative Forschungsmethoden (S. 1-34). Weinheim: Juventa. Schwarz, M. (2008). Einführung in die Kognitive Linguistik. 3. überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl. Tübingen: A. Franke. Seferoğlu, G., Korkmazgil, S., & Ölçü, Z. (2009). Gaining insights into teachers’ ways of thinking via metaphors. Educational Studies, 3, 323-335.
• Wan, W., Low, G. D., & Li, M. (2011). From students' and teachers' perspectives: Metaphor analysis of beliefs about EFL teachers' roles. System, 39 (3), 403-415. Yalçın Wells, Ş. (2015). Görsel sanatlar öğretmeni adaylarının öğretmen ve sanatçı algısına ilişkin metafor analizi [A Study of Trainee Visual Arts Teachers Metaphorical Perception of the Concept of ‘The Teacher’ and ‘The Artist’], Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30 (3), 60-175 Yeşilbursa, A. (2012). Using metaphor to explore the professional role identities of higher education English language instructors. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 468-472.