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Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 71, 413 - 480, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009

Öz

The legal dichotomy established between migrant smuggling and human trafficking has often been criticized, including from the perspective of associated distinctions arising in human rights protection. This contribution focuses on the specific profile of transiting smuggled migrants in the Intra-Schengen mobility context. Building on empirical research conducted by the first author on the Belgian legal framework and its functioning in practice, it is argued that differentiated protection can be crafted for this profile within criminal justice related positive obligations ensuing from the ECHR in a manner similar to that which has been developed by the ECtHR for trafficking victims. As other (inter)national law sources do not drive towards protective duties in this sense for migrant smuggling, the ECtHR cannot feed from them in the manner it has done in the trafficking context. It is argued that the Court however can legitimately find an alternate basis in empirical evidence pointing to similar human rights needs, meaning that the ECtHR can craft protection through evidence-based decision-making, including through the deployment of (particular) vulnerability paradigms.

Kaynakça

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  • Khlaifia and Others. v. Italy [GC] 16483/12 (ECtHR, 15 December 2016).
  • J. and Others v. Austria 58216/12 (ECtHR, 17 January 2017). Chowdury and Others v. Greece 21884/15 (ECtHR, 30 March 2017). Correia de Matos v. Portugal 56402/12 (ECtHR, 4 April 2018).
  • Hoti v. Croatia 63311/14 (ECtHR, 26 July 2018).
  • Z.A. and Others v. Russia [GC] 61411/15; 61420/15 and 61427/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019).
  • Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary [GC] 47287/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019)
  • N.D. and N.T. v. Spain [GC] 8675/15 and 8697/15 (ECtHR, 13 February 2020).
  • S.M. v. Croatia [GC] 60561/14 (ECtHR, 25 June 2020).
  • V.C. L and A.N. v. United Kingdom 77587/12 and 74603/12 (ECtHR, 5 July 2021).
  • M.A. v. Denmark 6697/1 (ECtHR, 9 July 2021).
  • Zoletic and Others v. Azerbaijan, 20116/12 (ECtHR, 7 October 2021).
  • M.H. and Others v. Croatia 15670/18 and 43115/18 (ECtHR, 18 November 2021).
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 71, 413 - 480, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009

Öz

Kaynakça

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  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – On the EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025, COM (2021) 171 final, Brussels, 14.04.2021.
  • ECtHR Case Law
  • Siliadin v. France 73316/01 (ECtHR, 26 October 2005).
  • Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia 25965/04 (EctHR, 7 January 2010).
  • M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece [GC] 30696/09 (ECtHR, 21 January 2011).
  • C.N. and V. v. France 67724/09 (ECtHR January 2013).
  • C.N. v. United Kingdom, 4239/08 (ECtHR, 13 February 2013).
  • Söderman v. Sweden [GC] 5786/08 (ECtHR, 12 November 2013).
  • Khlaifia and Others. v. Italy [GC] 16483/12 (ECtHR, 15 December 2016).
  • J. and Others v. Austria 58216/12 (ECtHR, 17 January 2017). Chowdury and Others v. Greece 21884/15 (ECtHR, 30 March 2017). Correia de Matos v. Portugal 56402/12 (ECtHR, 4 April 2018).
  • Hoti v. Croatia 63311/14 (ECtHR, 26 July 2018).
  • Z.A. and Others v. Russia [GC] 61411/15; 61420/15 and 61427/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019).
  • Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary [GC] 47287/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019)
  • N.D. and N.T. v. Spain [GC] 8675/15 and 8697/15 (ECtHR, 13 February 2020).
  • S.M. v. Croatia [GC] 60561/14 (ECtHR, 25 June 2020).
  • V.C. L and A.N. v. United Kingdom 77587/12 and 74603/12 (ECtHR, 5 July 2021).
  • M.A. v. Denmark 6697/1 (ECtHR, 9 July 2021).
  • Zoletic and Others v. Azerbaijan, 20116/12 (ECtHR, 7 October 2021).
  • M.H. and Others v. Croatia 15670/18 and 43115/18 (ECtHR, 18 November 2021).
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 71, 413 - 480, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009

Öz

Kaynakça

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  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A Renewed EU Action Plan Against Migrant Smuggling 2021-2025, COM (2021) 591 final, Brussels, 29.05.2021.
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – On the EU Strategy to combat Organised Crime 2021-2025, COM (2021) 170 final, Brussels, 14.04.2021.
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  • ECtHR Case Law
  • Siliadin v. France 73316/01 (ECtHR, 26 October 2005).
  • Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia 25965/04 (EctHR, 7 January 2010).
  • M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece [GC] 30696/09 (ECtHR, 21 January 2011).
  • C.N. and V. v. France 67724/09 (ECtHR January 2013).
  • C.N. v. United Kingdom, 4239/08 (ECtHR, 13 February 2013).
  • Söderman v. Sweden [GC] 5786/08 (ECtHR, 12 November 2013).
  • Khlaifia and Others. v. Italy [GC] 16483/12 (ECtHR, 15 December 2016).
  • J. and Others v. Austria 58216/12 (ECtHR, 17 January 2017). Chowdury and Others v. Greece 21884/15 (ECtHR, 30 March 2017). Correia de Matos v. Portugal 56402/12 (ECtHR, 4 April 2018).
  • Hoti v. Croatia 63311/14 (ECtHR, 26 July 2018).
  • Z.A. and Others v. Russia [GC] 61411/15; 61420/15 and 61427/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019).
  • Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary [GC] 47287/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019)
  • N.D. and N.T. v. Spain [GC] 8675/15 and 8697/15 (ECtHR, 13 February 2020).
  • S.M. v. Croatia [GC] 60561/14 (ECtHR, 25 June 2020).
  • V.C. L and A.N. v. United Kingdom 77587/12 and 74603/12 (ECtHR, 5 July 2021).
  • M.A. v. Denmark 6697/1 (ECtHR, 9 July 2021).
  • Zoletic and Others v. Azerbaijan, 20116/12 (ECtHR, 7 October 2021).
  • M.H. and Others v. Croatia 15670/18 and 43115/18 (ECtHR, 18 November 2021).
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 71, 413 - 480, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009

Öz

Kaynakça

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  • European Committee on Crime Problems (CDPC). Council of Europe Roadmap on Fighting the Smuggling of Migrants (adopted 3 February 2020).
  • European Commission (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – EU Action Plan against migrant smuggling 2015 – 2020, COM (2015) 285 final, Brussels, 27.5.2015.
  • European Commission (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – A European Agenda on Migration, COM (2015) 240 final, Brussels, 13.05.2015.
  • European Commission (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions -On the EU Security Union Strategy, COM (2015) 185 final, Strasbourg, 28.04.2015
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions -On a New Pact on Migration and Asylum, COM (2020) 609 final, Brussels, 23.09.2015.
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions -The European Agenda on Security, COM (2020) 605 final, Brussels, 24.07.2020.
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions - A Renewed EU Action Plan Against Migrant Smuggling 2021-2025, COM (2021) 591 final, Brussels, 29.05.2021.
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – On the EU Strategy to combat Organised Crime 2021-2025, COM (2021) 170 final, Brussels, 14.04.2021.
  • European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – On the EU Strategy on Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings 2021-2025, COM (2021) 171 final, Brussels, 14.04.2021.
  • ECtHR Case Law
  • Siliadin v. France 73316/01 (ECtHR, 26 October 2005).
  • Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia 25965/04 (EctHR, 7 January 2010).
  • M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece [GC] 30696/09 (ECtHR, 21 January 2011).
  • C.N. and V. v. France 67724/09 (ECtHR January 2013).
  • C.N. v. United Kingdom, 4239/08 (ECtHR, 13 February 2013).
  • Söderman v. Sweden [GC] 5786/08 (ECtHR, 12 November 2013).
  • Khlaifia and Others. v. Italy [GC] 16483/12 (ECtHR, 15 December 2016).
  • J. and Others v. Austria 58216/12 (ECtHR, 17 January 2017). Chowdury and Others v. Greece 21884/15 (ECtHR, 30 March 2017). Correia de Matos v. Portugal 56402/12 (ECtHR, 4 April 2018).
  • Hoti v. Croatia 63311/14 (ECtHR, 26 July 2018).
  • Z.A. and Others v. Russia [GC] 61411/15; 61420/15 and 61427/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019).
  • Ilias and Ahmed v. Hungary [GC] 47287/15 (ECtHR, 21 November 2019)
  • N.D. and N.T. v. Spain [GC] 8675/15 and 8697/15 (ECtHR, 13 February 2020).
  • S.M. v. Croatia [GC] 60561/14 (ECtHR, 25 June 2020).
  • V.C. L and A.N. v. United Kingdom 77587/12 and 74603/12 (ECtHR, 5 July 2021).
  • M.A. v. Denmark 6697/1 (ECtHR, 9 July 2021).
  • Zoletic and Others v. Azerbaijan, 20116/12 (ECtHR, 7 October 2021).
  • M.H. and Others v. Croatia 15670/18 and 43115/18 (ECtHR, 18 November 2021).
Toplam 139 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hukuk
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Roxane De Massol De Rebetz 0000-0002-3417-0345

Pınar Ölçer Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-4379-0981

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 71

Kaynak Göster

APA De Massol De Rebetz, R., & Ölçer, P. (2022). Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law. Annales De La Faculté De Droit d’Istanbul(71), 413-480. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009
AMA De Massol De Rebetz R, Ölçer P. Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. Aralık 2022;(71):413-480. doi:10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009
Chicago De Massol De Rebetz, Roxane, ve Pınar Ölçer. “Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law”. Annales De La Faculté De Droit d’Istanbul, sy. 71 (Aralık 2022): 413-80. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009.
EndNote De Massol De Rebetz R, Ölçer P (01 Aralık 2022) Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul 71 413–480.
IEEE R. De Massol De Rebetz ve P. Ölçer, “Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law”, Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, sy. 71, ss. 413–480, Aralık 2022, doi: 10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009.
ISNAD De Massol De Rebetz, Roxane - Ölçer, Pınar. “Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law”. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul 71 (Aralık 2022), 413-480. https://doi.org/10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009.
JAMA De Massol De Rebetz R, Ölçer P. Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 2022;:413–480.
MLA De Massol De Rebetz, Roxane ve Pınar Ölçer. “Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law”. Annales De La Faculté De Droit d’Istanbul, sy. 71, 2022, ss. 413-80, doi:10.26650/annales.2022.71.0009.
Vancouver De Massol De Rebetz R, Ölçer P. Aggravated Migrant Smuggling in a Transit Migration Context, Criminal Victimization under ECtHR Positive Obligations Case Law. Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. 2022(71):413-80.