RUSYA'DA SERBEST PİYASA EKONOMİSİNE GEÇİŞ SÜRECİ ve 2008 KÜRESEL KRİZİ

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 61 Sayı: 1, 177 - 237, 04.10.2011

İsmail İşcan Yıldız Hatipoğlu

Öz

Sanayileşmiş Avrupa ülkeleri ile karşılaştırıldığında Rusya ekonomisinin
bugünkü küresel krizden neden onlar kadar etkilenmediğinin cevabı oldukça
önemlidir. 1990’lı yılların başlarında piyasalarını hızla serbestleştiren Rusya,
günümüze kadar gelen süreçte ekonomisinde serbest rekabeti engelleyici
mekanizmaları kısmen de olsa kaldırmayı başarabilmiştir. 2000’li yıllarla birlikte
Rusya yönetimi, enerji kaynaklarına bağlı ekonomik çıkar ve araçların dış
politikada temel öncelik olarak değerlendirildiği yeni bir döneme girmiştir. Bu
dönemde Rusya bir taraftan dünya ile entegre olabilmek adına pazar ekonomisi
şartlarını sağlamaya çalışırken, diğer taraftan enerji kaynaklarına bağımlı
ekonomik büyümesini sürdürülebilir kılmak için uğraşmaktadır. Ancak bu süreç
incelendiğinde Rusya’daki serbest piyasa algısının sorgulanmasının gerekli
olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle geçiş ekonomileri için literatürde
yapılan teorik tespitler ele alınarak geçişteki yöntem farklılıkları tartışılacaktır.
Tüm geçiş ülkelerinin genel makroekonomik değerlendirmesinden sonra Rusya
ekonomisinin geçiş dönemleri boyunca uyguladığı politikalar ve sonuçları dört
başlık altında değerlendirilecek ve nihayet küresel krizin Rusya ekonomisine
etkileri ortaya konacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rusya, Geçiş ekonomileri, Global kriz, Serbest piyasa ekonomisi, Enerji

Kaynakça

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