Inhibitory potentials of Moringa oleifera on activities of neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase and adenosine deaminase

Abstract

Background and Aims: The use of Moringa oleifera as nutraceuticals in alternative medicine has received tremendous attention in recent years. Its diverse bioactive composition, multipurpose benefits and ease of cultivation give it a superior advantage over other herbs. Methods: Fresh leaves and roots were obtained from M. oleifera grown in northwestern Nigeria. The inhibitory effect of M. oleifera extracts on the activities of neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase were determined. Results: The present study explored the aqueous, methanol, and hexane extract of M. oleifera leaves and roots for the inhibition of neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase, and adenosine deaminase. In comparison to quercetin (Half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 14.28 ± 2.30 μg/mL), aqueous (IC50= 0.12 ± 0.01 μg/mL) and methanol (IC50 = 0.57 ± 0.13 μg/mL) the extract of the moringa root strongly inhibited neuraminidase activity. The enzyme was moderately inhibited by aqueous (IC50 = 89.56 ± 9.77 μg/mL) and hexane (IC50 = 104.33 ± 3.39 μg/mL) extracts of the plant leaf. The inhibition of xanthine oxidase by aqueous (IC50 = 7543.86 ± 1127.19 μg/mL), and methanol (IC50 = 1779.48 ± 126.50 μg/mL) leaf extracts were far below that of a standard inhibitor - allopurinol (IC50 = 0.88 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Amongst the extracts used, only the hexane extract of the moringa leaf (IC50 = 4580.38 ± 75.69 μg/mL) inhibited adenosine deaminase and was less effective than erythro-9-(2-Hydroxy-3-nonyl)-adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) (IC50 = 53.00 ± 1.83 μg/mL). Conclusion: The findings suggest that moringa roots and leaves can be an excellent source of agents against microbial infection and viral induced respiratory syndrome. The extracts may also attenuate influenza A infection, the progression of oxidative stress, cancer, inflammation, diabetes, cardiac failure, and coronary artery disease, since they have an effect on neuraminidase, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, and possibly superoxide levels.

Keywords

• Moringa oleifera
• Neuraminidase
• Xanthine oxidase
• Adenosine deaminase
• Inhibition

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