Intermittent Hypoxia Induction Alters Onset of Anesthesia Time and Limb Withdrawal Reflex Time in Rats

Year 2017, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 1 - 5, 31.08.2017

Hasan Çalışkan Mert Uzunkulaoğlu Furkan Mehmet Özden , Koray Hamza Cihan Onur Çakan Bilge Şentunalı Sümeyye Kankal , Serhat Hayme Nezahat Zaloğlu

https://izlik.org/JA72BX56NH

Abstract

Sodium thiopental is rapid-acting and intravenous anesthetic as non-opioid agents. Hypoxia is the subnormal concentration of oxygen in cells. Recent years, researchers discuss on hypoxia: Friend or Foe? The present study was conducted to examine the effect of intermittent hypoxia on thiopental anesthesia.

Keywords

Intermittent Hypoxia , Thiopental , Wistar Albino Rat

References

• [1]. Mandal PK, Pettegrew JW. 2008. Abeta peptide interactions with isoflurane, propofol, thiopental and combined thiopental with halothane: a NMR study. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1778(11):2633-9.
• [2]. Liu H, Yao S. 2005. Thiopental sodium reduces glutamate extracellular levels in rat intact prefrontal cortex. Exp Brain Res. 167(4):666-9.
• [3]. Rocha AF, Pereira AJ, Coutinho FAB. 2001. Nmethy-Daspartate channel and consciousness: from signal coincidence to quantum computing. Progr Neurobiol. 64:555–573.
• [4]. Buggy DJ, Nicol B, Rowbotham DJ, Lambert DG. 2000. Effects of intravenous anesthetic agents on glutamate release: a role for GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. Anesthesiology. 92:1067–73.
• [5]. Lukatch HS, MacIver MB. Synaptic mechanisms of thiopental-induced alterations in synchronized cortical activity. Anesthesiology. 84(6):1425-34.
• [6]. Ogunshola OO. 2011. In vitro modeling of the blood–brain barrier: simplicity versus complexity. Curr Pharm Des. 17, 2755–2761.
• [7]. Natah SS, Srinivasan S, Pittman Q, Zhao Z, Dunn JF. 2009. Effects of acute hypoxia and hyperthermia on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in adult rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 107(4):1348-56.
• [8]. Al Ahmad A, Gassmann M, Ogunshola OO. 2012. Involvement of oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced bloodbrain barrier breakdown. Microvasc Res. 84(2):222-5.
• [9]. Engelhardt S, Patkar S, Ogunshola OO. 2014. Cellspecific blood-brain barrier regulation in health and disease: a focus on hypoxia. Br J Pharmacol. 171(5):1210-30.
• [10]. Anderson J, Honigman B. 2011. The effect of altitude-induced hypoxia on heart disease: do acute, intermittent, and chronic exposures provide cardioprotection? High Alt Med Biol. 12:45–55.
• [11]. Galle AA, Jones NM. 2013. The neuroprotective actions of hypoxic preconditioning and postconditioning in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Brain Res. 1;1498:1-8.
• [12]. Gonzalez-Rothi EJ, Lee KZ, Dale EA, Reier PJ, Mitchell GS, Fuller DD. 2015. Intermittent hypoxia and neurorehabilitation. J Appl Physiol (1985). 15;119(12):1455-65.
• [13]. Vij AG, Kishore K, Dey J. 2012. Effect of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia on efficacy & clearance of drugs. Indian J Med Res. 135:211-6.
• [14]. Brown RC, Mark KS, Egleton RD, Huber JD, Burroughs AR, Davis TP. 2003. Protection against hypoxiainduced increase in blood-brain barrier permeability: role of tight junction proteins and NFkappaB. J Cell Sci. 15;116(Pt 4):693-700.
• [15]. Kitts JB. The preoperative assessment; who is responsible? 1997. Can J Anesth. 44:1232-6.
• [16]. Li XY, Gao F, Li ZQ, Guan W, Feng WL, Ge RL. 2009. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of sulfamethoxazole in male chinese volunteers at low altitude and acute exposure to high altitude versus subjects living chronically at high altitude: an open-label, controlled, prospective study. Clin Ther. 31(11):2744-54.
• [17]. Peltonen GL, Scalzo RL, Schweder MM, Larson DG, Luckasen GJ, Irwin D, Hamilton KL, Schroeder T, Bell C. 2012. Sympathetic inhibition attenuates hypoxia induced insulin resistance in healthy adult humans. J Physiol. 2012. 1;590(11):2801-9.
• [18]. Larsen JJ, Hansen JM, Olsen NV, Galbo H, Dela F. 1997. The effect of altitude hypoxia on glucose homeostasis in men. J Physiol. 1;504 ( Pt 1):241-9.
• [19]. Herculano-Houzel S. 2007. Encephalization, neuronal excess, and neuronal index in rodents. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 290(10):1280-7.