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Olanzapin'in İndirgenme Davranışının İncelenmesi ve İlaçlar ile İnsan İdrarında Diferansiyel puls Tekniği ile Tayini

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 342 - 352, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.845147

Öz

Olanzapinin elektrokimyasal indirgenme özelliği DPV (diferansiyel puls voltametri) ve CV (dönüşümlü voltametri) teknikleri ile camsı karbon çalışma elektrodu kullanılarak incelendi. pH’sı 0.50 – 12.05 aralığında değişen farklı tampon çözeltilerde ölçümler alındı. Pik potansiyelinin ve pik akımının pH ile değişimi incelendi ve destek elektrolit olarak pH=7.0 Britton-Robinson tampon çözeltisi seçildi. Elektrot reaksiyonuna katılan elektron ve proton sayısını belirlemek için, artan pH ile pik potansiyellerinin değişimi incelendi. Transfer edilen elektron sayısı elektrot reaksiyonuna katılan hidrojen iyonu sayısına eşit bulundu. Eşit elektron ve proton sayısı önerilen indirgenme mekanizması ile de desteklendi. DPV analizleri için olanzapinin doğrusal çalışma aralığı pH=7.0 Britton-Robinson tampon çözeltisinde, 2x10-5M - 1x10-4M konsantrasyon aralığında çizildi. Belirme sınırı (LOD) ve kantitatif tayin sınırı (LOQ) sırasıyla 1.88x10-6M ve 6.29x10-6M olarak hesaplandı. Son olarak geliştirilen voltametrik teknik olanzapin içeren tabletlere ve insan idrarına dışarıdan uygulanarak, geri kazanım çalışmaları yapıldı. Bunların yanı sıra olanzapinin indirgenme özelliği için elektrokimyasal bir indirgenme mekanizması da önerildi.

Destekleyen Kurum

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Proje Numarası

FBA-2018-2702

Kaynakça

  • Adegoke, O.A., Thomas, O. E., & Emmanuel, S.N. (2016). Colorimetric determination of olanzapine via charge-trasfer complexation with chloranilic acid, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.12.002
  • Ahmed, H. M., Mohamed, M. A., & Salemb, W. M. (2015). New voltammetric analysis of olanzapine in tablets and human urine samples using a modified carbon paste sensor electrode incorporating gold nanoparticles and glutamine in a micellar medium, Analytical Methods, 7, 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY02450H
  • Azab, S. M., & Amany M. Fekry, A. M. (2019). Role of green chemistry in antipsychotics’ electrochemical investigations using a nontoxic modified sensor in mcilvaine buffer solution, ACS Omega, 4, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01972
  • Behzad, L. M., Ghoviland, M. B., Shamsipur, M., Ghoviland, K., Barati, A., & Gholami, A. (2016). Highly sensitive voltammetric sensor based on immobilization of bisphosphoramidate-derivative and quantum dots onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode for the electrocatalytic determination of Olanzapine, Materials Science and Engineering C, 60, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.068
  • Berna, M., Ackermann, B.; Ruterbories, K., & Glass, S. (2002). Determination of olanzapine in human blood by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B., 67, 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00548-5
  • Biryol, I., & Erk, N. (2013). Voltammetric, spectrophotometric, and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of Olanzapine, Analytical Letters, 36(11), 2497–2513. https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-120024338
  • Bonde, S. L., Bhadane, R. P., Gaikwad, A., Gavali, S. R., Katale, D. U., & Narendiran, A. S. (2014). Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Its pharmacokinetic application, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 90, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.033
  • Can, S., Yilmaz S., Saglikoglu G., Sadikoglu M., & Menek N. (2015). Electrocatalytic oxidation of acyclovir on poly(p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode, Electroanalysis, 27, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201500102
  • Cıtak, M., Yılmaz, S., Dilgin, Y., Türker, G., Yagmur, S., Erdugan, H., & Erdugan, N. (2007). Osteryoung square wave voltammetric determination of phenazppyridine hydrochloride in human urine and tablet dosage forms based on electrochemical reduction at carbon paste electrode, Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 3, 141-145. https://doi.org/10.2174/157341207780598977
  • Dziomba, S., Kowalski, P., Slominska, A., & Baczec, T. (2014). Field-amplified sample injection coupled with pseudo-isotachophoresis technique for sensitive determination of selected psychiatric drugs in human urine samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Analytica Chimica Acta, 811, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.021
  • Du, P., Li, P., Zhao, R., Liu, H., & Liu, L.H. (2019). Optimized UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of olanzapine in human plasma, application to a bioequivalence study, Bioanalysis, 11(13), 1291-1302. https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2019-0114
  • Eker, R., Yilmaz, S., Yagmur, S., & Tonguc Yayintas, O. (2017). Voltammetric determination of clozapine from its drug form, Journal of Scientific Perspectives 1(2), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2017.6
  • El Shal, M. (2013). Electrochemical studies for the determination of quetiapine fumarate and olanzapine antipsychotic drugs, Advenced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 3(2), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.5681/apb.2013.055
  • Engin, C., Yilmaz, S., Saglikoglu, G., Yağmur, S., & Sadikoglu, M. (2015). Electroanalytical investigation of paracetamol on glassy carbon electrode by voltammetry", International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10, 1916-1926.
  • Firdous, S., Aman, T., & Nisa, A. (2005). Determination of olanzapine by UV spectrophotometry and non-aqueous titration, Journal-Chemical Society Pakistan, 27, 163–167. https://www.jcsp.org.pk/ArticleUpload/958-4115-1-RV.pdf
  • Jasinska, A., & Nalewajko, E. (2004). Batch and flow injection methods for the spectrophotometric determination of Olanzapine, Analytica Chimica Acta, 508, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.069
  • Karaca, Atilla, S., & Yeniceli Ugur, D. (2018) Development of a validated HPLC method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and aripiprazole in human plasma, Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 22(4), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2018.90
  • Karadurmus, L., Kir, D., Kurbanoglu, S., & Ozkan, S. A. (2019). Electrochemical analysis of antipsychotics, Current Pharmaceutıcal Analysıs, 15(5), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180710114458
  • Kasper, S.C., Mattiuz, E.L., Swanson, S.P., Chiu, J.A., Johnson, J.T., & Garner, C.O. (1999). Determination of olanzapine in human breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 726, 203-209. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00017-1
  • Kul, D. (2019). Voltammetric analysis of a typical antipsychotic drugs with solid electrodes, Current Analytıcal Chemıstry, 15(3), 240-248. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180426170022
  • Mashhadizadeh, M. H., & Afshar, E. (2012). Electrochemical studies and selective detection of thioridazine using a carbon paste electrode modified with zn nanoparticles and simultaneous determination of thioridazine and olanzapine, Electroanalysis, 24(11), 2193 – 2202. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201200422
  • Merli, D., Dondi, D., Pesavento, M., & Profumo, A. (2012). Electrochemistry of olanzapine and risperidone at carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode through classical and dft approaches, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 683, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.08.011
  • Nosal-Wiercinska A., Yilmaz S., Binel S., Yağmur S., Sağlikoğlu G., Sadikoglu M., et al. (2014). Electroanalytical and HPLC methods for the determination of oxcarbazepine in spiked human urine and tablet dosage form, Croatica Chemica Acta, 87(3), 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca2046
  • Olajire, A., Olusegun, T., & Stephen, N. E. (2016). Colorimetric determination of olanzapine via charge-transfercomplexation with chlorilic acid, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.12.002
  • Olanzapine, https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus.html
  • Pucci, V., Raggi, M., & Kenndler, E. (1999). Separation of eleven central nervous system drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 728, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00101-2
  • Raggi, M.A., Casamenti, G., Mandrioli, R., Fanali, S., Ronchi, D.D., & Volterra, V. (2000). Determination of the novel antipsychotic drug olanzapine in human plasma using HPLC with amperometric detection, Chromatographia, 51, 562-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00382-4
  • Rodrigo, E. & Waldvogel, S. R. (2019). Simple electrochemical reduction of nitrones to amines, Chemical Science, 10, 2044–2047. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04337J
  • Rosado, T., Oppolzer, D., Cruz, B., Barroso, M., Varela, S., Oliveira, V., Leitao, C., & Gallardo, E. (2018). Development and validation of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantitation of several antipsychotics in human plasma and oral fluid, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 32(23), 2081-2095. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8087
  • Rouhani, M., & Soleymanpour, A. (2019). A new selective carbon paste electrode for potentiometric analysis of olanzapine, Measurement, 140, 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.018
  • Sadikoglu, M., Saglikoglu, G., Yagmur, S., Orta, E., & Yilmaz, S. (2011). Voltammetric determination of acyclovir in human urine using ultra trace graphite and glassy carbon electrodes, Current Analytical Chemistry, 7, 130-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341111794815011
  • Samanidou, V., Stathatos, C., Njau, S., & Kovatsi, L. (2013). Disposable pipette extraction for the simultaneous determinationof biperiden and three antipsychotic drugs in human urine by GC-nitrogen phosphorus detection, Bioanalysis, 5(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.12.292
  • Shahrokhian, S., Azimzadeha, M., & Hosseinia, P. (2014). Modification of a glassy carbon electrode with a bilayer of multiwalled carbon nanotube/benzenedisulfonate-doped polypyrrole: Application to sensitive voltammetric determination of olanzapine, RSC Advances, 4, 4055-4060. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04584J
  • Tepeli, B., Yilmaz, S., & Yagmur, S. (2019). Reduction behavior of moxifloxacin hydrocholaride and its analysis in spiked human urine and dosage form, Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2) 153-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000141
  • Ugurlu, E., Yagmur S., & Yilmaz, S. (2018). Determination of clomipramine hydrochloride from its commercial drug form by voltammetry, Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2018.01
  • Yağmur, S., Yılmaz, S., Saglikoglu, G., Sadikoglu, M., Yildiz, M., & Polat, K. (2013). Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and electrochemical properties of schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxyaldehydes and phenazopyridine hydrochloride, Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 78(6), 795-804. http://doi.org/10.2298/jsc120524151y
  • Yağmur S., Türe M., Sağlikoğlu G., Sadikoglu M., & Yilmaz S. (2018). The quantitative detection of phenylephrine in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human urine by voltammetry, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 54(10), 741-746. http://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193518100063
  • Yılmaz, B., Albayrak, M., & Kadioglu, Y. (2017). Determination of olanzapine in pharmaceutical preparations by linear sweep voltammetry method, CBU Journal of Science, 13(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.302648
  • Yılmaz, S. (2016). Uygulama Örnekleriyle Elektroanalitik Kimya, Genişletilmiş 4. Baskı, Gazi kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Yılmaz, S., Baltaoğlu, E., Saglikoglu, G., Yagmur, S., Polat, K., & Sadikoglu, M. (2013). Electroanalytical determination of metronidazole in tablet dosage form, Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 78(2), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC120111069Y
  • Zheng, Q., Wang, F., Li, H., Xu, P., Tang, H., Li, L., & Chenh, R. (2012), Quantitative analysis of olanzapine in rat brain microdialysates by HPLC-MS/MS coupled with column-switching technique, Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in Biomedical and Life Sciences, 905, 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.024

Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 342 - 352, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.845147

Öz

The electrochemical reduction behavior of olanzapine was investigated by DPV (differential pulse voltammetry) and CV (cyclic voltammetry) techniques using a glassy carbon electrode. The measurements were carried out in different buffer solutions in a pH range from 0.50 to 12.05. The behavior of the peak potential and the peak current were examined by changing the pH, and a pH= 7.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution was selected as the supporting electrolyte. To designate the electron and proton numbers that participated in the reaction, the changing peak potentials of olanzapine with increasing pH were investigated. The number of transferred electrons was found equal to the number of the hydrogen ions taking part in the electrode reaction. Equal electron and proton numbers were also supported with suggested reduction mechanism. For DPV analysis, the linear calibration curve of olanza-pine was plotted between concentrations 2x10-5M and 1x10-4M at the pH= 7.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 1.88x10-6 M and 6.29x10-6M, respectively. Lastly, the developed technique was applied to spiked urine and pharmaceutical preparations for recovery studies of olanzapine. A reaction mechanism related to the reduction of olanzapine was also proposed with this study.

Proje Numarası

FBA-2018-2702

Kaynakça

  • Adegoke, O.A., Thomas, O. E., & Emmanuel, S.N. (2016). Colorimetric determination of olanzapine via charge-trasfer complexation with chloranilic acid, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.12.002
  • Ahmed, H. M., Mohamed, M. A., & Salemb, W. M. (2015). New voltammetric analysis of olanzapine in tablets and human urine samples using a modified carbon paste sensor electrode incorporating gold nanoparticles and glutamine in a micellar medium, Analytical Methods, 7, 581-589. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY02450H
  • Azab, S. M., & Amany M. Fekry, A. M. (2019). Role of green chemistry in antipsychotics’ electrochemical investigations using a nontoxic modified sensor in mcilvaine buffer solution, ACS Omega, 4, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01972
  • Behzad, L. M., Ghoviland, M. B., Shamsipur, M., Ghoviland, K., Barati, A., & Gholami, A. (2016). Highly sensitive voltammetric sensor based on immobilization of bisphosphoramidate-derivative and quantum dots onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode for the electrocatalytic determination of Olanzapine, Materials Science and Engineering C, 60, 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.068
  • Berna, M., Ackermann, B.; Ruterbories, K., & Glass, S. (2002). Determination of olanzapine in human blood by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography B., 67, 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00548-5
  • Biryol, I., & Erk, N. (2013). Voltammetric, spectrophotometric, and high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of Olanzapine, Analytical Letters, 36(11), 2497–2513. https://doi.org/10.1081/AL-120024338
  • Bonde, S. L., Bhadane, R. P., Gaikwad, A., Gavali, S. R., Katale, D. U., & Narendiran, A. S. (2014). Simultaneous determination of olanzapine and fluoxetine in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: Its pharmacokinetic application, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 90, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.10.033
  • Can, S., Yilmaz S., Saglikoglu G., Sadikoglu M., & Menek N. (2015). Electrocatalytic oxidation of acyclovir on poly(p-Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) film modified glassy carbon electrode, Electroanalysis, 27, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201500102
  • Cıtak, M., Yılmaz, S., Dilgin, Y., Türker, G., Yagmur, S., Erdugan, H., & Erdugan, N. (2007). Osteryoung square wave voltammetric determination of phenazppyridine hydrochloride in human urine and tablet dosage forms based on electrochemical reduction at carbon paste electrode, Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, 3, 141-145. https://doi.org/10.2174/157341207780598977
  • Dziomba, S., Kowalski, P., Slominska, A., & Baczec, T. (2014). Field-amplified sample injection coupled with pseudo-isotachophoresis technique for sensitive determination of selected psychiatric drugs in human urine samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Analytica Chimica Acta, 811, 88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.021
  • Du, P., Li, P., Zhao, R., Liu, H., & Liu, L.H. (2019). Optimized UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of olanzapine in human plasma, application to a bioequivalence study, Bioanalysis, 11(13), 1291-1302. https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2019-0114
  • Eker, R., Yilmaz, S., Yagmur, S., & Tonguc Yayintas, O. (2017). Voltammetric determination of clozapine from its drug form, Journal of Scientific Perspectives 1(2), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2017.6
  • El Shal, M. (2013). Electrochemical studies for the determination of quetiapine fumarate and olanzapine antipsychotic drugs, Advenced Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 3(2), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.5681/apb.2013.055
  • Engin, C., Yilmaz, S., Saglikoglu, G., Yağmur, S., & Sadikoglu, M. (2015). Electroanalytical investigation of paracetamol on glassy carbon electrode by voltammetry", International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10, 1916-1926.
  • Firdous, S., Aman, T., & Nisa, A. (2005). Determination of olanzapine by UV spectrophotometry and non-aqueous titration, Journal-Chemical Society Pakistan, 27, 163–167. https://www.jcsp.org.pk/ArticleUpload/958-4115-1-RV.pdf
  • Jasinska, A., & Nalewajko, E. (2004). Batch and flow injection methods for the spectrophotometric determination of Olanzapine, Analytica Chimica Acta, 508, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.11.069
  • Karaca, Atilla, S., & Yeniceli Ugur, D. (2018) Development of a validated HPLC method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine and aripiprazole in human plasma, Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 22(4), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2018.90
  • Karadurmus, L., Kir, D., Kurbanoglu, S., & Ozkan, S. A. (2019). Electrochemical analysis of antipsychotics, Current Pharmaceutıcal Analysıs, 15(5), 413-428. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180710114458
  • Kasper, S.C., Mattiuz, E.L., Swanson, S.P., Chiu, J.A., Johnson, J.T., & Garner, C.O. (1999). Determination of olanzapine in human breast milk by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 726, 203-209. http://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00017-1
  • Kul, D. (2019). Voltammetric analysis of a typical antipsychotic drugs with solid electrodes, Current Analytıcal Chemıstry, 15(3), 240-248. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180426170022
  • Mashhadizadeh, M. H., & Afshar, E. (2012). Electrochemical studies and selective detection of thioridazine using a carbon paste electrode modified with zn nanoparticles and simultaneous determination of thioridazine and olanzapine, Electroanalysis, 24(11), 2193 – 2202. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.201200422
  • Merli, D., Dondi, D., Pesavento, M., & Profumo, A. (2012). Electrochemistry of olanzapine and risperidone at carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode through classical and dft approaches, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 683, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.08.011
  • Nosal-Wiercinska A., Yilmaz S., Binel S., Yağmur S., Sağlikoğlu G., Sadikoglu M., et al. (2014). Electroanalytical and HPLC methods for the determination of oxcarbazepine in spiked human urine and tablet dosage form, Croatica Chemica Acta, 87(3), 213-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5562/cca2046
  • Olajire, A., Olusegun, T., & Stephen, N. E. (2016). Colorimetric determination of olanzapine via charge-transfercomplexation with chlorilic acid, Journal of Taibah University for Science, 10(5), 651-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtusci.2015.12.002
  • Olanzapine, https://medlineplus.gov/medlineplus.html
  • Pucci, V., Raggi, M., & Kenndler, E. (1999). Separation of eleven central nervous system drugs by capillary zone electrophoresis, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 728, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(99)00101-2
  • Raggi, M.A., Casamenti, G., Mandrioli, R., Fanali, S., Ronchi, D.D., & Volterra, V. (2000). Determination of the novel antipsychotic drug olanzapine in human plasma using HPLC with amperometric detection, Chromatographia, 51, 562-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00382-4
  • Rodrigo, E. & Waldvogel, S. R. (2019). Simple electrochemical reduction of nitrones to amines, Chemical Science, 10, 2044–2047. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC04337J
  • Rosado, T., Oppolzer, D., Cruz, B., Barroso, M., Varela, S., Oliveira, V., Leitao, C., & Gallardo, E. (2018). Development and validation of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantitation of several antipsychotics in human plasma and oral fluid, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 32(23), 2081-2095. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8087
  • Rouhani, M., & Soleymanpour, A. (2019). A new selective carbon paste electrode for potentiometric analysis of olanzapine, Measurement, 140, 472-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.04.018
  • Sadikoglu, M., Saglikoglu, G., Yagmur, S., Orta, E., & Yilmaz, S. (2011). Voltammetric determination of acyclovir in human urine using ultra trace graphite and glassy carbon electrodes, Current Analytical Chemistry, 7, 130-135. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341111794815011
  • Samanidou, V., Stathatos, C., Njau, S., & Kovatsi, L. (2013). Disposable pipette extraction for the simultaneous determinationof biperiden and three antipsychotic drugs in human urine by GC-nitrogen phosphorus detection, Bioanalysis, 5(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.12.292
  • Shahrokhian, S., Azimzadeha, M., & Hosseinia, P. (2014). Modification of a glassy carbon electrode with a bilayer of multiwalled carbon nanotube/benzenedisulfonate-doped polypyrrole: Application to sensitive voltammetric determination of olanzapine, RSC Advances, 4, 4055-4060. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04584J
  • Tepeli, B., Yilmaz, S., & Yagmur, S. (2019). Reduction behavior of moxifloxacin hydrocholaride and its analysis in spiked human urine and dosage form, Hittite Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2) 153-156. http://dx.doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000141
  • Ugurlu, E., Yagmur S., & Yilmaz, S. (2018). Determination of clomipramine hydrochloride from its commercial drug form by voltammetry, Journal of Scientific Perspectives, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.2018.01
  • Yağmur, S., Yılmaz, S., Saglikoglu, G., Sadikoglu, M., Yildiz, M., & Polat, K. (2013). Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and electrochemical properties of schiff bases derived from 2-hydroxyaldehydes and phenazopyridine hydrochloride, Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 78(6), 795-804. http://doi.org/10.2298/jsc120524151y
  • Yağmur S., Türe M., Sağlikoğlu G., Sadikoglu M., & Yilmaz S. (2018). The quantitative detection of phenylephrine in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human urine by voltammetry, Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 54(10), 741-746. http://doi.org/10.1134/s1023193518100063
  • Yılmaz, B., Albayrak, M., & Kadioglu, Y. (2017). Determination of olanzapine in pharmaceutical preparations by linear sweep voltammetry method, CBU Journal of Science, 13(1), 99-104. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.302648
  • Yılmaz, S. (2016). Uygulama Örnekleriyle Elektroanalitik Kimya, Genişletilmiş 4. Baskı, Gazi kitapevi, Ankara.
  • Yılmaz, S., Baltaoğlu, E., Saglikoglu, G., Yagmur, S., Polat, K., & Sadikoglu, M. (2013). Electroanalytical determination of metronidazole in tablet dosage form, Journal of Serbian Chemical Society, 78(2), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC120111069Y
  • Zheng, Q., Wang, F., Li, H., Xu, P., Tang, H., Li, L., & Chenh, R. (2012), Quantitative analysis of olanzapine in rat brain microdialysates by HPLC-MS/MS coupled with column-switching technique, Journal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in Biomedical and Life Sciences, 905, 127-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.024
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sultan Yağmur Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-2329-2451

Proje Numarası FBA-2018-2702
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Şubat 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yağmur, S. (2020). Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.845147
AMA Yağmur S. Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals. JARNAS. Aralık 2020;6(2):342-352. doi:10.28979/jarnas.845147
Chicago Yağmur, Sultan. “Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 6, sy. 2 (Aralık 2020): 342-52. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.845147.
EndNote Yağmur S (01 Aralık 2020) Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 6 2 342–352.
IEEE S. Yağmur, “Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals”, JARNAS, c. 6, sy. 2, ss. 342–352, 2020, doi: 10.28979/jarnas.845147.
ISNAD Yağmur, Sultan. “Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 6/2 (Aralık 2020), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.845147.
JAMA Yağmur S. Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals. JARNAS. 2020;6:342–352.
MLA Yağmur, Sultan. “Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, c. 6, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 342-5, doi:10.28979/jarnas.845147.
Vancouver Yağmur S. Reduction Behavior of Olanzapine and Its Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination in Human Urine and Pharmaceuticals. JARNAS. 2020;6(2):342-5.


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