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A Study on Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Mulberry Leaves Which Grown in Edirne Province

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 319 - 332, 25.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.856807

Öz

Mulberry leaves are used traditional medicine in many diseases. The various biological activities of the plants are due to its chemical contents, therefore the phytochemical composition and biological potential of the plant vary according to the region where it grows. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential using in vitro inhibition tests of leaves of white and black mulberry obtained from trees grown in Edirne. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents of leaves extracts were determined in the range of 35.08-47.57 µg gallic acid, 18.40-46.25 µg rutin and 4.59- 7.53 µg tannic acid equivalents, respectively. While ethanol extract of black mulberry leaves showed high activity in CUPRAC method (9.1 μmol TEAC), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging assays (EC50 0.31 mg/mL and 0.79 mg/mL, respectively), the ethanol extract of white mulberry leaves showed better carotene bleaching activity (EC50 0.47 mg/mL). Only water extracts of leaves were observed to have metal chelating capacity. In the antidiabetic activity study, the water extracts of leaves showed varying degrees of inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The potential inhibitory effect of water extracts on carbohydrate digestive enzymes shows that mulberry leaves can be considered as a source of a drug candidate in the antidiabetic drug researches. Also black mulberry leaves can be used in cosmetic applications due to their antioxidant properties.

Kaynakça

  • Andallu, B., Shankaran, M., Ullagaddi R. ve Iyer, S. (2014). In vitro free radical scavenging and in vivo anti-oxidant potential of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.10.002
  • Anwar, F., Kanwal, S., Shabir, G., Alkharfy, HM. ve Gilani, AH. (2015). Antioxidant and antimicrobial att-ributes of different solvent extracts from leaves of four species of mulberry. International Journal of Pharmacology, 11(7), 757-765. Erişim adresi: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2015.757.765
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M. ve Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for die-tary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Apostolidis, E., Kwon, YI. ve Shetty, K. (2007). Inhibitory potential of herbal, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 8(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2006.06.001
  • Arıtuluk, ZC. ve Ezer, N. (2012). Halk arasında diyabete karşı kullanılan bitkiler (Türkiye)-II. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 179-208. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hujpharm/issue/49831/639072
  • Asgar A. (2013). Anti-diabetic potential of phenolic compounds: A review. International Journal of Food Properties, 16, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2011.595864
  • Aslan, M., Orhan, N., Deliorman Orhan, D. ve Ergun, F. (2010). Hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant po-tential of some medicinal plants traditionally used in Turkey for diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmaco-logy, 128, 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.040
  • Bae, SH. ve Suh, HF. (2007). Antioxidant activities of five different mulberry cultivars in Korea. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 40, 955-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.06.007
  • Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of stable free radical. Nature, 26, 1199–1200.
  • Bondada, A., Venkata, AVK. ve Nallanchakravarthula, V. (2014). Influence of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves on antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in STZ-diabetic rats. International Journal of Diabetes Developing Countries, 34, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-013-0139-x
  • Brouillard, R. ve Dangles, O., (1993). Flavonoids and flower colour. In: Harborne JB. (Ed.), The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986, (sf. 565–588). London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Chon, S., Kim YM., Park, YJ., Heo, BG., Park, YS. ve Gorinstein, S. (2009). Antioxidant and antiprolifera-tive effects of methanol extracts from raw and fermented parts of mulberry plant (Morus alba L.). Eu-ropean Food Research and Technology, 230, 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-009-1165-2
  • Çubuk G. ve İnce S. (2015). Oral Antidiyabetik İlaçlar, Kocatepe Veterinery Journal, 8(1), 95-102. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/385263
  • Dasgupta, A ve Klein, K. (2014). Oxidative Stress Related to Other Diseases, In: A. Dasgupta ve K. Klein (Ed.), Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements: Prevention and Treatment, (sf. 185-207).
  • Dinis, TCP., Madeira, VMC. ve Almeida, LM. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (Acetaminophen, sa-licylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
  • Gougoulias, N. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of leaves from some fruit species. Oxidation Communications, 38(1), 35-45. Erişim adresi: https://scibulcom.net/en/article/QgkTj37Vp9nJlBTMwHH
  • Gündoğdu, M., Muradoğlu, F., Gazioğlu Sensoy, RI. ve Yılmaz, H. (2011). Determination of fruit chemical properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLC. Scientia Horticulturae, 132, 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.09.035
  • Halliwell B. ve Gutteridge JM., (1990). Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-B
  • Hasim, WAL, Uci, S. ve Didah, NF. (2020). In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf ethanolic extract. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 15(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2020.15.1.45-52
  • He, X., Chen, X., Ou, X., Ma, L., Xu, X. ve Huang, K. (2020). Evaluation of flavonoid and polyphenol constituents in mulberry leaves using HPLC fingerprint analysis. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55, 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14281
  • Hu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, J., Deng, W., Wang, H. ve Wei, Z. (2013). Quantitative determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaves from 132 varieties. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 782-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.030
  • Iqbal, S., Younas, U., Sirajuddin, D., Chan, KV., Sarfraz, RA. ve Uddin, K. (2012). Proximate composition and antioxidant potential of leaves from three varieties of mulberry (Morus sp.): A comparative study. International Journal of Molecular Science, 13, 6651-6664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13066651
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Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 319 - 332, 25.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.856807

Öz

Dut yaprakları halk arasında çeşitli hastalıklarda geleneksel olarak kullanılan bir bitkidir. Bitkilerin gösterdikleri çok çeşitli biyolojik etkinlikleri içerdikleri bileşenlerden kaynaklanmakta olup, bitkinin fitokimyasal bileşimi ve biyolojik potansiyeli yetiştiği bölgeye göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Edirne ilinde yetişen beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yapraklarından elde edilen su ve etanol ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktivitesinin ve in vitro enzim inhibisyon testleri ile antidiyabetik kapasitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Beyaz ve siyah dut ağacı yaprak ekstraktlarının toplam fenolik madde miktarı 35.08-47.57 µg gallik asit eşdeğeri/mg, flavonoid miktarı 18.40-46.25 µg rutin eşdeğeri/mg ve tanen miktarı 4.59-7.53 µg tannik asit eşdeğeri/mg aralıklarında tayin edildi. Antioksidan aktivite testlerinde 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) ve 2,2΄-azinobis-(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sülfonik asit) (ABTS) radikallerini gidermede (EC50 sırasıyla 0.31 mg/mL ve 0.79 mg/mL) ve CUPRAC metodunda (9.1 μmol troloks eşdeğeri antioksidan kapasite-TEAC) siyah dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı yüksek aktivite gösterirken, beta-karoten ağartma metodunda beyaz dut yapraklarının etanol ekstraktı (EC50 0.47 mg/mL) daha iyi sonuç verdi. Dut yapraklarının sadece su ekstraktlarının metal iyonlarını şelatlama gücüne sahip olduğu görüldü. Antidiyabetik aktivite çalışmasında yaprakların su ekstraktları değişen oranlarda α-amilaz ve α-glukozidaz inhibisyonu gösterdi. Su ekstraklarının karbonhidrat sindirim enzimleri üzerine potansiyel inhibitör etkisi göstermesi, ülkemizde besin olarak tüketilmeyen dut yapraklarının ilaç hammaddesi kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini; siyah dut yapraklarının ise antioksidan katkı amaçlı olarak kozmetik uygulamalarda kullanılmak üzere ekonomiye kazandırılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Andallu, B., Shankaran, M., Ullagaddi R. ve Iyer, S. (2014). In vitro free radical scavenging and in vivo anti-oxidant potential of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 4, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2013.10.002
  • Anwar, F., Kanwal, S., Shabir, G., Alkharfy, HM. ve Gilani, AH. (2015). Antioxidant and antimicrobial att-ributes of different solvent extracts from leaves of four species of mulberry. International Journal of Pharmacology, 11(7), 757-765. Erişim adresi: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ijp.2015.757.765
  • Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M. ve Karademir, S.E. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for die-tary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 7970-7981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  • Apostolidis, E., Kwon, YI. ve Shetty, K. (2007). Inhibitory potential of herbal, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 8(1), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifset.2006.06.001
  • Arıtuluk, ZC. ve Ezer, N. (2012). Halk arasında diyabete karşı kullanılan bitkiler (Türkiye)-II. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2), 179-208. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hujpharm/issue/49831/639072
  • Asgar A. (2013). Anti-diabetic potential of phenolic compounds: A review. International Journal of Food Properties, 16, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2011.595864
  • Aslan, M., Orhan, N., Deliorman Orhan, D. ve Ergun, F. (2010). Hypoglycemic activity and antioxidant po-tential of some medicinal plants traditionally used in Turkey for diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmaco-logy, 128, 384-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.040
  • Bae, SH. ve Suh, HF. (2007). Antioxidant activities of five different mulberry cultivars in Korea. LWT- Food Science and Technology, 40, 955-962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.06.007
  • Blois, M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of stable free radical. Nature, 26, 1199–1200.
  • Bondada, A., Venkata, AVK. ve Nallanchakravarthula, V. (2014). Influence of mulberry (Morus indica L.) leaves on antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in STZ-diabetic rats. International Journal of Diabetes Developing Countries, 34, 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-013-0139-x
  • Brouillard, R. ve Dangles, O., (1993). Flavonoids and flower colour. In: Harborne JB. (Ed.), The Flavonoids: Advances in Research Since 1986, (sf. 565–588). London: Chapman and Hall.
  • Chon, S., Kim YM., Park, YJ., Heo, BG., Park, YS. ve Gorinstein, S. (2009). Antioxidant and antiprolifera-tive effects of methanol extracts from raw and fermented parts of mulberry plant (Morus alba L.). Eu-ropean Food Research and Technology, 230, 231–237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-009-1165-2
  • Çubuk G. ve İnce S. (2015). Oral Antidiyabetik İlaçlar, Kocatepe Veterinery Journal, 8(1), 95-102. Erişim adresi: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/385263
  • Dasgupta, A ve Klein, K. (2014). Oxidative Stress Related to Other Diseases, In: A. Dasgupta ve K. Klein (Ed.), Antioxidants in Food, Vitamins and Supplements: Prevention and Treatment, (sf. 185-207).
  • Dinis, TCP., Madeira, VMC. ve Almeida, LM. (1994). Action of phenolic derivatives (Acetaminophen, sa-licylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 315(1), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1994.1485
  • Gougoulias, N. (2015). Evaluation of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of leaves from some fruit species. Oxidation Communications, 38(1), 35-45. Erişim adresi: https://scibulcom.net/en/article/QgkTj37Vp9nJlBTMwHH
  • Gündoğdu, M., Muradoğlu, F., Gazioğlu Sensoy, RI. ve Yılmaz, H. (2011). Determination of fruit chemical properties of Morus nigra L., Morus alba L. and Morus rubra L. by HPLC. Scientia Horticulturae, 132, 37-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.09.035
  • Halliwell B. ve Gutteridge JM., (1990). Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods in Enzymology, 186, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-B
  • Hasim, WAL, Uci, S. ve Didah, NF. (2020). In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidant activity of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf ethanolic extract. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 15(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2020.15.1.45-52
  • He, X., Chen, X., Ou, X., Ma, L., Xu, X. ve Huang, K. (2020). Evaluation of flavonoid and polyphenol constituents in mulberry leaves using HPLC fingerprint analysis. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 55, 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14281
  • Hu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, J., Deng, W., Wang, H. ve Wei, Z. (2013). Quantitative determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in mulberry leaves from 132 varieties. Industrial Crops and Products, 49, 782-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.06.030
  • Iqbal, S., Younas, U., Sirajuddin, D., Chan, KV., Sarfraz, RA. ve Uddin, K. (2012). Proximate composition and antioxidant potential of leaves from three varieties of mulberry (Morus sp.): A comparative study. International Journal of Molecular Science, 13, 6651-6664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13066651
  • İnce, C. ve Çağındı, Ö. (2020). Beyaz ve tam buğday unlu ekmek çeşitlerine eklenen beyaz dut (Morus alba) yaprak ve posasının antioksidan ve antidiyabetik aktivite üzerine etkisi. Gıda, 45(5), 977-988. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD20039
  • Jozefczuka, J., Malikowska, K., Glapa, A., Nowak JK., Bajerska J., Lisowska A.ve Walkowiak J., (2017). Mulberry leaf extract decreases digestion and absorption of starch in healthy subjects-A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Advances in Medical Sciences, 62, 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.03.002
  • Katoch, R. (2011). Methods for nutritional quality evaluation of food materials. In: Analytical Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9785-2_13
  • Levickiene, D., Jarienė, E., Gajewski, M., Danilcenko, H., Vaitkevicienė, N., Przybyl, FL. ve Sitarek, M. (2017). Influence of harvest time on biologically active compounds and the antioxidant activity in lea-ves of mulberry grown in Lithuania. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 45(2), 431-436. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210779
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  • Yu, Y., Li, H., Zhang, B., Wang, J., Shi, X., Huang, J., Yang, J., Zhang, Y. ve Deng, Z. (2018). Nutritional and functional components of mulberry leaves from different varieties: Evaluation of their potential as food materials. International Journal of Food Properties, 21(1), 1495-1507. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2018.1489833
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  • Zoral, FB. ve Turgay Ö., (2014). Çeşitli gıda atıklarının toplam fenolik madde içeriğinin, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyel aktivitelerinin araştırılması. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksujns.03907
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Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kimya Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şebnem Selen İşbilir 0000-0003-0071-1032

Ecren Çelik 0000-0001-9104-9181

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Eylül 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA İşbilir, Ş. S., & Çelik, E. (2021). Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.856807
AMA İşbilir ŞS, Çelik E. Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. JARNAS. Eylül 2021;7(3):319-332. doi:10.28979/jarnas.856807
Chicago İşbilir, Şebnem Selen, ve Ecren Çelik. “Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan Ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 7, sy. 3 (Eylül 2021): 319-32. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.856807.
EndNote İşbilir ŞS, Çelik E (01 Eylül 2021) Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 7 3 319–332.
IEEE Ş. S. İşbilir ve E. Çelik, “Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”, JARNAS, c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 319–332, 2021, doi: 10.28979/jarnas.856807.
ISNAD İşbilir, Şebnem Selen - Çelik, Ecren. “Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan Ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 7/3 (Eylül 2021), 319-332. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.856807.
JAMA İşbilir ŞS, Çelik E. Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. JARNAS. 2021;7:319–332.
MLA İşbilir, Şebnem Selen ve Ecren Çelik. “Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan Ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, c. 7, sy. 3, 2021, ss. 319-32, doi:10.28979/jarnas.856807.
Vancouver İşbilir ŞS, Çelik E. Edirne İlinde Yetişen Dut Ağacı Yapraklarının Antioksidan ve Antidiyabetik Aktivitesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma. JARNAS. 2021;7(3):319-32.


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