Flight Security Applications In The Airline Companies And Practical Recommendations

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 126 - 146, 24.06.2020

Melih Başdemir

https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.731513

Cited By: 3

Öz

Flight Operations’ sole objective is to ensure
effective and safe flights. In order to fulfill this objective, flight safety
and security should be enhanced by all means. Flight security, which is an
indispensible concept of the aviation industry along with its brother term of
flight safety, means to protect the flights from all kinds of threats, such as
terrorist attacks, assaults and  intrusions,
while flight safety is to ensure flights to be conducted in accordance with rules
and procedures. In this paper, flight securtiy is investigated, and things to
be done for more secure flights are found out. For the sake of the research, a
qualitive method based on archivical data gathering technic is used. Findings
after the data analysis are used to form a set of security improvement
recommendations for the airline companies.  Within this scope, initially, flight security
procedures outlined by ICAO and implemented by the airline companies are investigated,
then terrorist attacks occured between 2001-2017 are thoroughly secreened
whereby a content analysis is conducted. After these analyses and
investigations, things to be done to improve the flight security is listed. The
primary objective of this research is to seek an answer to the question of “how
can the airline companies improve the flight security within the flight
operations” with the help of a practical recommendations set. It is hoped that
this study will augment a new perspective to the context of flight security. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Airline Companies, Flight security, Flight Safety, Flight Operations

Hava Yolu İşletmelerinde Uçuş Güvenliği Uygulamaları Ve İyileştirme Önerileri

Öz

Uçuş operasyonlarının en önemli
amacı uçuşları etkin ve emniyetli bir şekilde yerine getirmektir. Uçuş
etkinliğini ve emniyetini yerine getirebilmek için güvenlik ve emniyeti
kavramları her zaman önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Havacılık endüstrisi için
her zaman var olması gereken bu iki kavramdan uçuş güvenliği; uçuşun
başlangıcından sonuna kadar uçuşu terör, saldırı, müdahale, vb. her türlü tehdide
karşı korumak, uçuş emniyeti ise uçuş boyunca uçuş sistemleri ve uçuşun
yapıldığı ortamlarda belirlenmiş kurallara uygun olarak uçulmasını sağlamaktır.
Bu araştırmada uçuş güvenliği incelenmiş ve hava yolu şirketlerinde uçuşların
daha güvenli bir şekilde yerine getirilebilmesi için yapılması gerekenler
belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında nitel araştırma yöntemi tekniklerinden
arşiv taraması ile veri toplanmış ve daha sonra elde edilen bulgular
doğrultusunda hava yolu çalışanlarının güvenlik dokümanlarına ithal edilmek ve
kurumsal düzeyde uçuş güvenliğini arttırmak amacıyla bir öneri seti
hazırlanmıştır.  Bu kapsamda, öncelikle
ICAO ve havayolu şirketleri tarafından kullanılan uçuş güvenliğine ilişkin
kural ve yönetmelikler incelenmiş, sonrasında ise 2001-2017 yılları arasında
meydana gelmiş olan uçuş güvenliğini zedeleyici terör eylemleri taranarak
içerik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu inceleme ve analizlerin sonrasında ise
yapılması gerekenler anlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki ana amaç ‘hava yolu
şirketlerinde uçuş güvenliği daha etkin bir şekilde nasıl sağlanır’ sorusuna bir
öneri seti ile cevap aramaktır. Çalışmanın hava yolu işletmelerindeki uçuş
güvenliği uygulamalarına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandıracağı
değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uçuş güvenliği, Uçuş emniyeti, Terörizm, Uçuş Operasyonları, Hava Yolu İşletmeleri

Kaynakça

• [1] International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Part I, International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP), International Commercial Air Transport — Aeroplanes, 11th edition ICAO, 2018.
• [2] International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), “Secretariat Study on the Safety and Security Aspects of Economic Liberalization”, European Council Publication, 2005.
• [3] Statista, “Number Of Flights Performed By The Global Airline Industry From 2004 To 2020,” https://www.statista.com/statistics/564769/airline-industry-number-of-flights/ [Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2020]
• [4] Qatar Airlines Publication, “Guidance Material Submission of Airline Operator Security Programme for Qatar Operations” Appendix A, Edition: 01 Revision: 00, 2016.
• [5] Qatar Airlines, QCCA, “Guidance Material, Submission of Airline Operator Security Programme for Qatar Operations”, Doha, 2016
• [6] European Commission MEMO-15-6115-2015, European Agenda on Security - State of Play, November 17, 2015. http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-15-6115_en.htm. [Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2020]
• [7] ICAO 1944 Agreement, “Convention on International Civil Aviation” –, Doc 7300, https://www.icao.int/publications/pages/doc7300.aspx. [Erişim Tarihi: 07 Nisan 2020]
• [8] SHGM, 2018 Yılı Duyurular, “Tokyo Sözleşmesi Tadilatı Cumhurbaşkanımız tarafından onaylandı”, http://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/manset-haber/5914-tokyo-sozlesmesi-tadilati-cumhurbaskanimiz-tarafindan-onaylandi [Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2020].
• [9] Aerotime News, December, 3, 2015 “More than 50 EU airports deploy Itemiser 4DX explosives trace detectors,” http://www.aerotime.aero/en/airports/airports-news/other/20608-more-than-50-eu-airports-deploy-itemiser-4dx-explosives-trace-detectors [Erişim Tarihi: 17.01.2020].
• [10] B. Hoffman, Inside Terrorism, New York, USA, Columbia University Press. 2006.
• [11] E. Azani, L. Lvovsky, D. Haberfeld, “Trends in Aviation Terrorism”, International Institute for Counter Terrorism, UN, New York, 2016.
• [12] W. Stewart, Evening Standard News, November 23, 2015 “Russian plane crash: Bomb on tourist jet that crashed in Egypt 'was placed under a seat”, , http://www.standard. co.uk /news/world/bomb-on-russian-tourist-jet-that-crashed-in-egypt-was-placed-under-a-seat-a3120741.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 07.01.2020].
• [13] A.Jamieson, NBC News March 22, 2016, “Mother of Satan' Explosive Likely Used in Attack: Expert”,http://www.nbcnews.com/card/mother-satan-explosive-likely-used-attack-expert-n543441. [Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2020].
• [14] I. Bloomenthal, R. Rimerman, I. Eichner, R. Case, A. Shomplevi, A. Kotelratz, Ynet News June 29, 2016 , “Flights Renewed in Istanbul. Israelis at the airport: It is chaos, we are exhausted”, http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4821867,00.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2020].
• [15] B. Davies, “Terrorism, Inside a World’s Phenomenon, New York, USA, Virgin Books, 2005.
• [16] Site Intelligence Group, April 21, 2016, “Security Fail: Cologne Airport's Terrorism Emergency Evacuation Plan Accidently Put On Internet",. https://www.rt.com/news/340484-germany-terrorism-cologne-airport/. [Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2020].
• [17] M. Townsend, P. Beaumont, The Guardian November 8, 2015, “Russian plane crash: Calls for new era of airport security after Sinai terror”, https://www.theguardian.com/world /2015/nov/07/new-era-airport-security-sinai-terror. [Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2020].
• [18] P. Graff, Reuters News January 29, 2016, “Exclusive: Egypt Air Mechanic Suspected In Russian Plane Crash” http://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-crash-suspects-idUSKCN0V712V? Utm _source=twitter. [Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2020].
• [19] Walsh, M., Daily News. September 3, 2014, ISIS Terrorist From Minnesota Worked At Major American Airport: Report, http://www.nydailynews. com/news/world/isis-terrorist-minneapolis-worked-major-american-airport-report-article-1.1925924, [Erişim Tarihi: 13.03.2020].
• [20] Lyden, T. Fox 9. November 2016, "INSIDER THREAT: Side-by-side with a future terrorist at MSP Airport", 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.fox9.com/fox-9-mn-special-archive/1642467-story. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020]. [21] Hayward, J., Breitbat. November 10, 2015, “Worries about Airport Security after Possible ISIS 'Inside Job' in Egypt”, http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/11/10/u-s-worries-airport-security-possible-isis-inside-job-egypt/. [Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2020].
• [22] Robinson, J. Dailymail. April 21, 2016, “ISIS bomb maker 'worked at Brussels Airport for FIVE YEARS' before launching suicide attack as it emerges hidden prayer room was found at terminal 'where radicalised staff prayed in secret” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3551669/ISIS-bomb-maker-worked-Brussels-Airport-FIVE-YEARS-launching-suicide-attack-emerges-hidden-prayer-room-terminal-radicalised-staff-prayed-secret.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2020].
• [23] Jankowski, J. Planet Free Will. March 25, 2016, “Top Jihadist Claims ISIS Has Agents Working in Western Airports, Metro Stations”, http://planetfreewill.com/2016/03/25/top-jihadi-claims-isis-agents-working-western-airports/. [Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2020].
• [24] ICT JWMG Desk, 2015, “Recent Jihadi Discourse Pertaining to Aviation Threats”, https://www.ict.org.il/Article/1508/Recent-Jihadi-Discourse-Pertaining-to-Aviation. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020].
• [25] The Guardian December 27, 2015 “Kurdish PKK rebels claim responsibility for deadly Istanbul airport blast”, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/27/kurdish-rebels-claim-responsiblity-for-deadly-istanbul-airport-blast. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020].
• [26] Israel Defense News, August 31, 2014, “The System that prevented the Closure of Ben Gurion Airport”, http://bit.ly/2aRHiru, [Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020].
• [27] Israeli Ministry of Transport, “Serious Incident Case no. 88-15 - Aviation Incidents and Accidents Investigation. Information about security incident,” http://aiai.mot.gov.il/publication-cbl/hodahot-cll/1236-1099. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020].
• [28] Ashkenazi, A., Walla News. August 12, 2015, “Drone Passes a Plane Planning to Land at Ben-Gurion Airport, Nearly Causing a Tragedy” http://news.walla.co.il/item/2881221. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020].
• [29] FAA Publication, “Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Registration in Federal Aviation Administration”, https://www.faa.gov/uas/registration. [Erişim Tarihi: 11.03.2020].
• [30]Israeli Intel Center, “Analyst Notes: Terrorist Eyes in the Sky”, Tel Aviv, Israel, Defence Pubs, 2016.
• [31] International Virtual Aviation Organization (IVAO), “A multiplayer simulator operates as a free social network with tens of thousands of users, including an Israeli community that teaches the work method in Israel”, 2016, http://ivao.org.il. [Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020].
• [32] Kais, R., Ynet News, December 12, 2015, “Report: ISIS training fighters to fly commercial aircraft in Libya”, http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4733894,00.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 10.03.2020].
• [33] FBI Publication, “FBI Simulation Regarding The Dangers Of Laser Pointers Aimed At Airplanes” November 11, 2014, https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2014/february/protecting-aircraft-from-lasers. [Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2020].
• [34] ABC News, July 16, 2015, “Pilot Has Blurred Vision After Planes Are Struck by Lasers Near Newark Airport”, http://abcnews.go.com/US/11-planes-struck-lasers-approaching-newark-airport/story?id=32488609. [Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2020]. [35] InfoSec Institute, “Cyber Threats against the Aviation Industry”,2014. http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/cyber-threats-aviation-industry/ . [Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2020].
• [36] Curiel, I., Ynet. March 23, 2016, “ Shin Bet Revealed: Jihadist Breached IDF Drone Systems.” http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-4782233,00.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2020].
• [37] European Commission Report, “Commission presents a new Aviation Strategy for Europe”, December 7, 2015. Retrieved from: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-15-6144_en.htm. [Erişim Tarihi: 23.03.2020].
• [38] M.M. Başdemir, Tüm Havacılar İçin Ekip Kaynak Yönetimi, İstanbul, Türkiye, Beta Yayınevi, 2020.
• [39] Turizm Günlüğü 2019, “2018 Yılı Uluslararası Havayolu Trafiği Rakamları Açıklandı”, https://www.turizmgunlugu.com/2019/01/10/2018-yili-uluslararasi-havayolu-trafigi-rakamlari-aciklandi/. [Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2020].
• [40] Riley, J. “Terrorism And Rail Security”, RAND Publication, http://www.rand.org/content /dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/2005/RAND_CT224.pdf 8. [Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2020].