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Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 4 - 18, 01.04.2011

Milad Fakhri Jean-Claude Romano Marie Abboud - Abi Saab

Öz

Abstract Batroun coastal marine zone – North Lebanon – is subjected to the discharges of two terrestrial sources of contamination, the phosphate plant of Selaata and Al-Jaouz River. In the aim to study their impact on the horizontal variability of sea water characteristics at short spatio-temporal scale, the displacement of water masses was followed under different wind conditions through the movement of a free drifting drogue. The wind regime played an essential role in the displacement and spreading of various contaminants over a wide area. The impact of Selaata chemical plant was shown not to be limited to Batroun marine area but its impact may invade further neighbouring northern marine area of the Lebanese coast.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Key words: Lebanon Drifting drogue Wind River Phosphate plant

Kaynakça

  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhri, M., Sadek, E., and Matar, N. (2008) An estimate of the environmental status of Lebanese littoral waters using nutrients and chlorophyll-a as indicators. Leb. Sci. J. 9(1): 43-60
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhry, M., Kassab, MM.-T., and Matar, N. (2005) Les sels nutritifs et le phytoplankton sur la côte sud du Liban: évaluation d’indices écologiques. Leb. Sci. J. 6(2): 27-43
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Beker, B., Fakhri, and M., Romano, J.-C. (2004) Etude Comparative de la Dynamiques sSaisonnière des Populations Microplanctoniques Dans les Eaux Côtières Libanaises (Batroun) et Française (Marseille). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 37: 259.
  • Abboud-Abi Saab M., Slim, K., and Andary, R. (2002) Contribution à l'étude Physico-chimique et Biologique du Fleuve Nahr El Jawz et son apport nutritif au milieu marin. Hannon., XXV : 105-128.
  • Anonymous (1970) Atlas climatique du Liban. Service Météorologique du Liban, Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Tansports, 4 tomes. Bendschneider,
  • Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Seawater. J. Mar. Res. 11: 87-96. Robinson, R. J. (1952) A
  • New Berland, B. R., Bonin, D. J., Maestrini, S. Y. (1980) Azote ou Phosphore? Considérations sur le "Paradoxe Nutritionnel" de la mer méditerranée. Oceanol. Acta. 3 (1):135-141.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001) Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 223-253.
  • Fakhri, M., Romano, J.-C., and Abboud-Abi Saab, M. (2005) Impact of natural and artificial chemical inputs on the marine ecosystem of Batroun Region (North Lebanon). Leb. Sci. J. 6(1): 13-27.
  • Kress, N., Herut, B. (2001) Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios. Deep Sea Research I. 48: 2347-2372.
  • Lacombe, H. (1965) Cours d'Océanographie Physique (Théories de la Circulation Générale. Houle et vagues). Gauthier-Villars (ed), Paris, 392 pp.
  • Monahan, E. C., and Monahan, E. A. (1973) Trends in drogue design. department of atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Michigan., 213: 981-985.
  • Murphy, J., and Riley, J. P. (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 27: 31-36.
  • Niebauer, H. J., and Alexander, V., Henrichs, S. M. (1995) A time-series study of the spring bloom at the Bering ice edge. I. physical processes, chlorophyll and nutrient chemistry. Cont. Shelf Res. 15(15): 1859-1877. Redfield, A. C. (1934) On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. James Johnstone Memorial Volume: 176-192.
  • Romano, J.-C., and Marquet, R. (1991) Occurrence frequencies of sea- surface slicks at long- and short-time scale in relation to wind speed. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 3: 445-458.
  • Wood, E. D., Armstrong, F. A. J., and Richards, F. A. (1967) Determination of nitrate in sea water by cadmium copper reduction to nitrite. J. Mar. Biol. Ass.U .K. 47:23-31.
  • Yaget, R.T., 2005 The Mineral Industry of Lebanon. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook,
  • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2005/lemyb05.pdf

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 4 - 18, 01.04.2011

Milad Fakhri Jean-Claude Romano Marie Abboud - Abi Saab

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhri, M., Sadek, E., and Matar, N. (2008) An estimate of the environmental status of Lebanese littoral waters using nutrients and chlorophyll-a as indicators. Leb. Sci. J. 9(1): 43-60
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhry, M., Kassab, MM.-T., and Matar, N. (2005) Les sels nutritifs et le phytoplankton sur la côte sud du Liban: évaluation d’indices écologiques. Leb. Sci. J. 6(2): 27-43
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Beker, B., Fakhri, and M., Romano, J.-C. (2004) Etude Comparative de la Dynamiques sSaisonnière des Populations Microplanctoniques Dans les Eaux Côtières Libanaises (Batroun) et Française (Marseille). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 37: 259.
  • Abboud-Abi Saab M., Slim, K., and Andary, R. (2002) Contribution à l'étude Physico-chimique et Biologique du Fleuve Nahr El Jawz et son apport nutritif au milieu marin. Hannon., XXV : 105-128.
  • Anonymous (1970) Atlas climatique du Liban. Service Météorologique du Liban, Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Tansports, 4 tomes. Bendschneider,
  • Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Seawater. J. Mar. Res. 11: 87-96. Robinson, R. J. (1952) A
  • New Berland, B. R., Bonin, D. J., Maestrini, S. Y. (1980) Azote ou Phosphore? Considérations sur le "Paradoxe Nutritionnel" de la mer méditerranée. Oceanol. Acta. 3 (1):135-141.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001) Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 223-253.
  • Fakhri, M., Romano, J.-C., and Abboud-Abi Saab, M. (2005) Impact of natural and artificial chemical inputs on the marine ecosystem of Batroun Region (North Lebanon). Leb. Sci. J. 6(1): 13-27.
  • Kress, N., Herut, B. (2001) Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios. Deep Sea Research I. 48: 2347-2372.
  • Lacombe, H. (1965) Cours d'Océanographie Physique (Théories de la Circulation Générale. Houle et vagues). Gauthier-Villars (ed), Paris, 392 pp.
  • Monahan, E. C., and Monahan, E. A. (1973) Trends in drogue design. department of atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Michigan., 213: 981-985.
  • Murphy, J., and Riley, J. P. (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 27: 31-36.
  • Niebauer, H. J., and Alexander, V., Henrichs, S. M. (1995) A time-series study of the spring bloom at the Bering ice edge. I. physical processes, chlorophyll and nutrient chemistry. Cont. Shelf Res. 15(15): 1859-1877. Redfield, A. C. (1934) On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. James Johnstone Memorial Volume: 176-192.
  • Romano, J.-C., and Marquet, R. (1991) Occurrence frequencies of sea- surface slicks at long- and short-time scale in relation to wind speed. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 3: 445-458.
  • Wood, E. D., Armstrong, F. A. J., and Richards, F. A. (1967) Determination of nitrate in sea water by cadmium copper reduction to nitrite. J. Mar. Biol. Ass.U .K. 47:23-31.
  • Yaget, R.T., 2005 The Mineral Industry of Lebanon. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook,
  • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2005/lemyb05.pdf
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Milad Fakhri Bu kişi benim

Jean-Claude Romano Bu kişi benim

Marie Abboud - Abi Saab Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Fakhri, M. ., Romano, J.-C. ., & Saab, M. A. .-. A. . (2011). Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, 17(1), 4-18.
AMA Fakhri M, Romano JC, Saab MAA. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. Nisan 2011;17(1):4-18.
Chicago Fakhri, Milad, Jean-Claude Romano, ve Marie Abboud - Abi Saab. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17, sy. 1 (Nisan 2011): 4-18.
EndNote Fakhri M, Romano J-C, Saab MA-A (01 Nisan 2011) Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17 1 4–18.
IEEE M. . Fakhri, J.-C. . Romano, ve M. A. .-. A. . Saab, “Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area”, Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, c. 17, sy. 1, ss. 4–18, 2011.
ISNAD Fakhri, Milad vd. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17/1 (Nisan 2011), 4-18.
JAMA Fakhri M, Romano J-C, Saab MA-A. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17:4–18.
MLA Fakhri, Milad vd. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, c. 17, sy. 1, 2011, ss. 4-18.
Vancouver Fakhri M, Romano J-C, Saab MA-A. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17(1):4-18.