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Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 914 - 921, 12.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.806797

Öz

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two possible mechanisms in the etiology of patients with migraine. However, there are conflicting data between reactive oxygen species and cytokine generation in patients with migraine. The current study aimed to determine the cytokine, oxidant, and antioxidant levels in plasma of migraine patients with attack and non-attack periods.
In the current study, we used control (n=30), patients with attack (n=30), and passive (n=30) periods. In the plasma samples of control and patients, we measured lipid peroxidation (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), vitamin A, vitamin E, -carotene, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in the plasma of control and patients with migraine. The GSH, GSHPx, and vitamin E levels were low in the patients with non-attack period as compared to control subject, although MDA levels were high in the patients with non-attack period. The concentrations of vitamin A and -carotene did not differ in the control and patient groups. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the non-attack group than in the control. In addition, the levels of cytokines were further increased in the attack group as compared to control and non-attack groups. In conclusion, we found signs of inflammation and oxidative stress in the plasma of migraine patients suggesting that this headache form might relate with inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways.

Destekleyen Kurum

BSN Health, Analyses, Innovation, Consultancy, Organization, Agriculture Ltd. (Göller Bölgesi Teknokenti, Isparta, Turkey)

Proje Numarası

2019-4

Kaynakça

  • Aytaç B, Coşkun Ö, Alioğlu B, Durak ZE, Büber S, Tapçi E, Ocal R, Inan LE, Durak İ, Yoldaş TK. (2014). Decreased antioxidant status in migraine patients with brain white matter hyperintensities. Neurol Sci. 35(12):1925-1929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1864-8.
  • Borkum JM. (2016). Migraine triggers and oxidative stress: A narrative review and synthesis. headache. 56(1):12-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12725.
  • Bulboacă AE, Stănescu IC, Bolboacă SD, Bulboacă AC, Bodizs GI, Nicula CA. (2020). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and oxidative stress parameters in migraine patients without aura: A pilot study. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(6):494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060494.
  • Bütün A, Nazıroğlu M, Demirci S, Çelik Ö, Uğuz AC. (2015). Riboflavin and vitamin E increase brain calcium and antioxidants, and microsomal calcium-ATP-ase values in rat headache models induced by glyceryl trinitrate. J Membr Biol. 248(2):205-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-014-9758-5.
  • Cook NR, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Lee IM, Skerrett PJ, Chown MJ, Ajani UA, Manson JE, Buring JE. (2002). Migraine and coronary heart disease in women and men. Headache.;42(8):715-27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02173.x.
  • De Roos NM, van Hemert S, Rovers JMP, Smits MG, Witteman BJM. (2017). The effects of a multispecies probiotic on migraine and markers of intestinal permeability-results of a randomized placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 71(12):1455-1462. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.57.
  • Desai ID. (1984). Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissues. Methods Enzymol 105:138-147.
  • Diener HC, Solbach K, Holle D, Gaul C. (2015). Integrated care for chronic migraine patients: epidemiology, burden, diagnosis and treatment options. Clin Med (Lond). 15(4):344-50. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-4-344.
  • Dogru A, Nazıroglu M, Cig B. (2019). Modulator role of infliximab and methotrexate through the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci. 15(6):1415-1424. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2018.79485.
  • Dong X, Guan X, Chen K, Jin S, Wang C, Yan L, Shi Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Wan Q. (2017) Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a rat model of migraine. Neurosci Lett. 636:127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.054.
  • Goschorska M, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Barczak K, Chlubek D. (2020). The use of antioxidants in the treatment of migraine. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(2):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020116.
  • Grinberg YY, Dibbern ME, Levasseur VA, Kraig RP. (2013). Insulin-like growth factor-1 abrogates microglial oxidative stress and TNF-α responses to spreading depression. J Neurochem. 126(5):662-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12267.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM, Cross CE. (1992). Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? J Lab Clin Med. 119(6):598-620.
  • Karaaslan Z, Özçelik P, Ulukan Ç, Ulusoy C, Orhan KS, Orhan EK, Küçükali Cİ, Tüzün E, Baykan B, Akdal G. (2020). Plasma levels of inflammatory mediators in vestibular migraine. Int J Neurosci. 130(4):330-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2019.1681994.
  • Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Kozubski W, Lianeri M, Dorszewska J. (2016). Molecular factors in migraine. Oncotarget. 7(31):50708-50718. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9367.
  • Lawrence RA, Burk RF. (2012). Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 425(3):503-509.
  • Li R, Liu Y, Chen N, Zhang Y, Song G, Zhang Z. (2016). Valproate attenuates nitroglycerin-induced trigeminovascular activation by preserving mitochondrial function in a rat model of migraine. Med Sci Monit. 22:3229-37. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.900185.
  • Magalhães JE, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. (2018). Migraine and cerebrovascular diseases: Epidemiology, pathophysiological, and clinical considerations. Headache. 58(8):1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13378.
  • Mahmoudi J, Mohaddes G, Erfani M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Karimi P, Rajabi M, Reyhani-Rad S, Farajdokht F. (2018). Cerebrolysin attenuates hyperalgesia, photophobia, and neuroinflammation in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in rats. Brain Res Bull. 140:197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.008.
  • Martami F, Razeghi Jahromi S, Togha M, Ghorbani Z, Seifishahpar M, Saidpour A. (2018). The serum level of inflammatory markers in chronic and episodic migraine: A case-control study. Neurol Sci. 39(10):1741-1749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3493-0.
  • Nazıroğlu M, Çelik Ö, Uğuz AC, Bütün A. (2015). Protective effects of riboflavin and selenium on brain microsomal Ca2+-ATPase and oxidative damage caused by glyceryl trinitrate in a rat headache model. Biol Trace Elem Res. 164(1):72-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0199-x.
  • Nazıroğlu M. (2007). New molecular mechanisms on the activation of TRPM2 channels by oxidative stress and ADP-ribose. Neurochem Res. 32(11):1990-2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9386-x.
  • Oliveira AB, Bachi ALL, Ribeiro RT, Mello MT, Tufik S, Peres MFP. (2017b). Unbalanced plasma TNF-α and IL-12/IL-10 profile in women with migraine is associated with psychological and physiological outcomes. J Neuroimmunol. 313:138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.09.008.
  • Oliveira AB, Bachi ALL, Ribeiro RT, Mello MT, Vaisberg M, Peres MFP. (2017a). Exercise-Induced change in plasma IL-12p70 Is linked to migraine prevention and anxiolytic effects in treatment-Naïve women: A randomized controlled trial. Neuroimmunomodulation. 24(6):293-299. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487141.
  • Olson JA, Krinsky NI. (1995). Introduction: the colorful, fascinating world of the carotenoids: important physiologic modulators. FASEB J. 1995;9(15):1547-1550.
  • Packer L, Weber SU, Rimbach G. (2001). Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr. 131(2):369S-73S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.2.369S.
  • Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. (1966). Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 16: 359-364.
  • Reimund JM, Rahmi G, Escalin G, Pinna G, Finck G, Muller CD, Duclos B, Baumann R. (2005). Efficacy and safety of an olive oil-based intravenous fat emulsion in adult patients on home parenteral nutrition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 21(4):445-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02354.x.
  • Sahin M, Uğuz AC, Demirkan H, Nazıroğlu M. (2011). Colchicine modulates oxidative stress in serum and leucocytes from remission patients with Family Mediterranean Fever through regulation of Ca²+ release and the antioxidant system. J Membr Biol. 240(1):55-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-011-9342-1.
  • Sarchielli P, Alberti A, Baldi A, Coppola F, Rossi C, Pierguidi L, Floridi A, Calabresi P. (2006). Proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and lymphocyte integrin expression in the internal jugular blood of migraine patients without aura assessed ictally. Headache 46(2):200-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00337.x.
  • Sedlak J, Lindsay RHC. (1968). Estimation of total, protein bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellmann' s reagent. Anal Biochem. 25:192-205.
  • Shim HJ, Park S, Lee JW, Park HJ, Baek SH, Kim EK, Yu SW. (2016). Extracts from Dendropanax morbifera leaves have modulatory effects on neuroinflammation in microglia. Am J Chin Med. 44(1):119-132. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X16500087.
  • Suzuki J, Katoh N. (1990). A simple and cheap method for measuring vitamin A in cattle using only a spectrophotometer. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:1282-1284.
  • Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Ghorbani Z, Ghaemi A, Rafiee P. (2019). An investigation of oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with migraine: a case-control study. BMC Neurol. 19(1):323. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1555-4.
  • Tripathi GM, Kalita J, Misra UK. (2018). A study of oxidative stress in migraine with special reference to prophylactic therapy. Int J Neurosci. 128(4):318-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2017.1374959.
  • Tuncel D, Tolun FI, Gokce M, Imrek S, Ekerbicer H. (2008). Oxidative stress in migraine with and without aura. Biol Trace Elem Res. 126(1–3):92–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8193-9.
  • Visser EJ, Drummond PD, Lee-Visser JLA. (2020). Reduction in migraine and headache frequency and intensity with combined antioxidant prophylaxis (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and vitamin C): A randomized sham-controlled pilot study. Pain Pract. 20(7):737-747. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12902.
  • Vurucu S, Karaoglu A, Paksu MS, Yesilyurt O, Oz O, Unay B, Akin R. (2013). Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children. Hum Exp Toxicol. 32(2):113-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327112459204.
  • Yeh WZ, Blizzard L, Taylor BV. (2018) What is the actual prevalence of migraine? Brain Behav. 8(6):e00950. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.950.
  • Yücel M, Kotan D, Gurol Çiftçi G, Çiftçi IH, Cikriklar HI. (2016). Serum levels of endocan, claudin-5 and cytokines in migraine. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20(5):930-936.
  • Zhao L, Liu L, Xu X, Qu Z, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Jing X, Li B. (2020). Electroacupuncture inhibits hyperalgesia by alleviating inflammatory factors in a rat model of migraine. J Pain Res. 13:75-86. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S225431.
  • Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A, Sedighi A. (2009). The effect of vitamin E on the treatment of menstrual migraine. Med Sci Monit. 15(1):CR16-CR19.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 914 - 921, 12.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.806797

Öz

Proje Numarası

2019-4

Kaynakça

  • Aytaç B, Coşkun Ö, Alioğlu B, Durak ZE, Büber S, Tapçi E, Ocal R, Inan LE, Durak İ, Yoldaş TK. (2014). Decreased antioxidant status in migraine patients with brain white matter hyperintensities. Neurol Sci. 35(12):1925-1929. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-014-1864-8.
  • Borkum JM. (2016). Migraine triggers and oxidative stress: A narrative review and synthesis. headache. 56(1):12-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.12725.
  • Bulboacă AE, Stănescu IC, Bolboacă SD, Bulboacă AC, Bodizs GI, Nicula CA. (2020). Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and oxidative stress parameters in migraine patients without aura: A pilot study. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(6):494. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060494.
  • Bütün A, Nazıroğlu M, Demirci S, Çelik Ö, Uğuz AC. (2015). Riboflavin and vitamin E increase brain calcium and antioxidants, and microsomal calcium-ATP-ase values in rat headache models induced by glyceryl trinitrate. J Membr Biol. 248(2):205-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-014-9758-5.
  • Cook NR, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Lee IM, Skerrett PJ, Chown MJ, Ajani UA, Manson JE, Buring JE. (2002). Migraine and coronary heart disease in women and men. Headache.;42(8):715-27. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02173.x.
  • De Roos NM, van Hemert S, Rovers JMP, Smits MG, Witteman BJM. (2017). The effects of a multispecies probiotic on migraine and markers of intestinal permeability-results of a randomized placebo-controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 71(12):1455-1462. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.57.
  • Desai ID. (1984). Vitamin E analysis methods for animal tissues. Methods Enzymol 105:138-147.
  • Diener HC, Solbach K, Holle D, Gaul C. (2015). Integrated care for chronic migraine patients: epidemiology, burden, diagnosis and treatment options. Clin Med (Lond). 15(4):344-50. https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.15-4-344.
  • Dogru A, Nazıroglu M, Cig B. (2019). Modulator role of infliximab and methotrexate through the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel in neutrophils of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study. Arch Med Sci. 15(6):1415-1424. https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2018.79485.
  • Dong X, Guan X, Chen K, Jin S, Wang C, Yan L, Shi Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Wan Q. (2017) Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a rat model of migraine. Neurosci Lett. 636:127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2016.10.054.
  • Goschorska M, Gutowska I, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Barczak K, Chlubek D. (2020). The use of antioxidants in the treatment of migraine. Antioxidants (Basel). 9(2):116. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020116.
  • Grinberg YY, Dibbern ME, Levasseur VA, Kraig RP. (2013). Insulin-like growth factor-1 abrogates microglial oxidative stress and TNF-α responses to spreading depression. J Neurochem. 126(5):662-672. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12267.
  • Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM, Cross CE. (1992). Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: where are we now? J Lab Clin Med. 119(6):598-620.
  • Karaaslan Z, Özçelik P, Ulukan Ç, Ulusoy C, Orhan KS, Orhan EK, Küçükali Cİ, Tüzün E, Baykan B, Akdal G. (2020). Plasma levels of inflammatory mediators in vestibular migraine. Int J Neurosci. 130(4):330-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2019.1681994.
  • Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Kozubski W, Lianeri M, Dorszewska J. (2016). Molecular factors in migraine. Oncotarget. 7(31):50708-50718. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.9367.
  • Lawrence RA, Burk RF. (2012). Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium-deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 425(3):503-509.
  • Li R, Liu Y, Chen N, Zhang Y, Song G, Zhang Z. (2016). Valproate attenuates nitroglycerin-induced trigeminovascular activation by preserving mitochondrial function in a rat model of migraine. Med Sci Monit. 22:3229-37. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.900185.
  • Magalhães JE, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. (2018). Migraine and cerebrovascular diseases: Epidemiology, pathophysiological, and clinical considerations. Headache. 58(8):1277-1286. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13378.
  • Mahmoudi J, Mohaddes G, Erfani M, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Karimi P, Rajabi M, Reyhani-Rad S, Farajdokht F. (2018). Cerebrolysin attenuates hyperalgesia, photophobia, and neuroinflammation in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model in rats. Brain Res Bull. 140:197-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.05.008.
  • Martami F, Razeghi Jahromi S, Togha M, Ghorbani Z, Seifishahpar M, Saidpour A. (2018). The serum level of inflammatory markers in chronic and episodic migraine: A case-control study. Neurol Sci. 39(10):1741-1749. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-018-3493-0.
  • Nazıroğlu M, Çelik Ö, Uğuz AC, Bütün A. (2015). Protective effects of riboflavin and selenium on brain microsomal Ca2+-ATPase and oxidative damage caused by glyceryl trinitrate in a rat headache model. Biol Trace Elem Res. 164(1):72-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0199-x.
  • Nazıroğlu M. (2007). New molecular mechanisms on the activation of TRPM2 channels by oxidative stress and ADP-ribose. Neurochem Res. 32(11):1990-2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9386-x.
  • Oliveira AB, Bachi ALL, Ribeiro RT, Mello MT, Tufik S, Peres MFP. (2017b). Unbalanced plasma TNF-α and IL-12/IL-10 profile in women with migraine is associated with psychological and physiological outcomes. J Neuroimmunol. 313:138-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.09.008.
  • Oliveira AB, Bachi ALL, Ribeiro RT, Mello MT, Vaisberg M, Peres MFP. (2017a). Exercise-Induced change in plasma IL-12p70 Is linked to migraine prevention and anxiolytic effects in treatment-Naïve women: A randomized controlled trial. Neuroimmunomodulation. 24(6):293-299. https://doi.org/10.1159/000487141.
  • Olson JA, Krinsky NI. (1995). Introduction: the colorful, fascinating world of the carotenoids: important physiologic modulators. FASEB J. 1995;9(15):1547-1550.
  • Packer L, Weber SU, Rimbach G. (2001). Molecular aspects of alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling. J Nutr. 131(2):369S-73S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.2.369S.
  • Placer ZA, Cushman L, Johnson BC. (1966). Estimation of products of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biological fluids. Anal Biochem. 16: 359-364.
  • Reimund JM, Rahmi G, Escalin G, Pinna G, Finck G, Muller CD, Duclos B, Baumann R. (2005). Efficacy and safety of an olive oil-based intravenous fat emulsion in adult patients on home parenteral nutrition. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 21(4):445-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02354.x.
  • Sahin M, Uğuz AC, Demirkan H, Nazıroğlu M. (2011). Colchicine modulates oxidative stress in serum and leucocytes from remission patients with Family Mediterranean Fever through regulation of Ca²+ release and the antioxidant system. J Membr Biol. 240(1):55-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-011-9342-1.
  • Sarchielli P, Alberti A, Baldi A, Coppola F, Rossi C, Pierguidi L, Floridi A, Calabresi P. (2006). Proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules, and lymphocyte integrin expression in the internal jugular blood of migraine patients without aura assessed ictally. Headache 46(2):200-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00337.x.
  • Sedlak J, Lindsay RHC. (1968). Estimation of total, protein bound and non-protein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellmann' s reagent. Anal Biochem. 25:192-205.
  • Shim HJ, Park S, Lee JW, Park HJ, Baek SH, Kim EK, Yu SW. (2016). Extracts from Dendropanax morbifera leaves have modulatory effects on neuroinflammation in microglia. Am J Chin Med. 44(1):119-132. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X16500087.
  • Suzuki J, Katoh N. (1990). A simple and cheap method for measuring vitamin A in cattle using only a spectrophotometer. Jpn J Vet Sci 52:1282-1284.
  • Togha M, Razeghi Jahromi S, Ghorbani Z, Ghaemi A, Rafiee P. (2019). An investigation of oxidant/antioxidant balance in patients with migraine: a case-control study. BMC Neurol. 19(1):323. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-019-1555-4.
  • Tripathi GM, Kalita J, Misra UK. (2018). A study of oxidative stress in migraine with special reference to prophylactic therapy. Int J Neurosci. 128(4):318-324. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2017.1374959.
  • Tuncel D, Tolun FI, Gokce M, Imrek S, Ekerbicer H. (2008). Oxidative stress in migraine with and without aura. Biol Trace Elem Res. 126(1–3):92–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-008-8193-9.
  • Visser EJ, Drummond PD, Lee-Visser JLA. (2020). Reduction in migraine and headache frequency and intensity with combined antioxidant prophylaxis (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, and vitamin C): A randomized sham-controlled pilot study. Pain Pract. 20(7):737-747. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12902.
  • Vurucu S, Karaoglu A, Paksu MS, Yesilyurt O, Oz O, Unay B, Akin R. (2013). Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children. Hum Exp Toxicol. 32(2):113-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327112459204.
  • Yeh WZ, Blizzard L, Taylor BV. (2018) What is the actual prevalence of migraine? Brain Behav. 8(6):e00950. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.950.
  • Yücel M, Kotan D, Gurol Çiftçi G, Çiftçi IH, Cikriklar HI. (2016). Serum levels of endocan, claudin-5 and cytokines in migraine. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 20(5):930-936.
  • Zhao L, Liu L, Xu X, Qu Z, Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Jing X, Li B. (2020). Electroacupuncture inhibits hyperalgesia by alleviating inflammatory factors in a rat model of migraine. J Pain Res. 13:75-86. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S225431.
  • Ziaei S, Kazemnejad A, Sedighi A. (2009). The effect of vitamin E on the treatment of menstrual migraine. Med Sci Monit. 15(1):CR16-CR19.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sinirbilim
Bölüm Original Articles
Yazarlar

Hamit Hakan Armağan 0000-0002-5749-3753

Kıvanç Karaman

Derya Yalçın Yılmaz

Proje Numarası 2019-4
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Armağan, H. H., Karaman, K., & Yalçın Yılmaz, D. (2020). Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods. Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress, 12(1), 914-921. https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.806797
AMA Armağan HH, Karaman K, Yalçın Yılmaz D. Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods. J Cell Neurosci Oxid Stress. Ekim 2020;12(1):914-921. doi:10.37212/jcnos.806797
Chicago Armağan, Hamit Hakan, Kıvanç Karaman, ve Derya Yalçın Yılmaz. “Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels in Plasma of Patients With Attack and Non-Attack Periods”. Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 12, sy. 1 (Ekim 2020): 914-21. https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.806797.
EndNote Armağan HH, Karaman K, Yalçın Yılmaz D (01 Ekim 2020) Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods. Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 12 1 914–921.
IEEE H. H. Armağan, K. Karaman, ve D. Yalçın Yılmaz, “Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods”, J Cell Neurosci Oxid Stress, c. 12, sy. 1, ss. 914–921, 2020, doi: 10.37212/jcnos.806797.
ISNAD Armağan, Hamit Hakan vd. “Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels in Plasma of Patients With Attack and Non-Attack Periods”. Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress 12/1 (Ekim 2020), 914-921. https://doi.org/10.37212/jcnos.806797.
JAMA Armağan HH, Karaman K, Yalçın Yılmaz D. Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods. J Cell Neurosci Oxid Stress. 2020;12:914–921.
MLA Armağan, Hamit Hakan vd. “Antioxidant and Cytokine Levels in Plasma of Patients With Attack and Non-Attack Periods”. Journal of Cellular Neuroscience and Oxidative Stress, c. 12, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 914-21, doi:10.37212/jcnos.806797.
Vancouver Armağan HH, Karaman K, Yalçın Yılmaz D. Antioxidant and cytokine levels in plasma of patients with attack and non-attack periods. J Cell Neurosci Oxid Stress. 2020;12(1):914-21.