THE DISPUTE ON MARITIME JURISDICTION AREAS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: EXPERIENCED CRISES AND THEIR IMPACTS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 22, 19.07.2021

Halil İlker Avcı

Öz

Depending on the probability of rich hydrocarbon resources to be found in the area, the dispute on maritime jurisdiction areas (MJA) in the Eastern Mediterranean has gradually emerged since the beginning of the 2000s by the initiatives of littorals to demarcate their respective MJAs. By 2020, the dispute, of which Turkey, Greece, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), and Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus (GCASC) constitutes the main actors, has evolved into a regional security issue that creates alignments and polarizations among littorals and affects the regional policies of great powers. In July-October period of 2020, Turkey and Greece have experienced a military confrontation stemming from the disagreement. In comparison to the other problems between Turkey and Greece, this dispute owns systemic, regional, and actor-based attributes which bear greater potential of creating severe crises. Therefore, it is important to examine the experienced crises to shed light on the future of the dispute. In this study, five crisis situations are scrutinized by utilizing the definitions of foreign policy crisis and international crisis in the literature. High-probability crisis creating situations in the future of the dispute are listed depending on the findings of this examination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eastern Mediterranean, maritime jurisdiction areas, international conflict, foreign policy crisis, international crisis

Doğu Akdeniz Deniz Yetki Alanları Uyuşmazlığı: Yaşanan Krizler ve Etkileri

Öz

Doğu Akdeniz deniz yetki alanları uyuşmazlığı, bölgede zengin hidrokarbon kaynakları bulunması olasılığına istinaden, kıyıdaşların 2000’li yıllardan itibaren kendi deniz yetki alanlarını belirleme girişimleri ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Başlıca aktörleri Türkiye, Yunanistan, KKTC ve GKRY olan bu uyuşmazlık, 2020’li yıllara gelindiğinde bölge ülkeleri arasında yakınlaşma ve kutuplaşmalar yaratan, büyük güçlerin Doğu Akdeniz politikalarını etkileyen bir bölgesel güvenlik meselesi halini almıştır. 2020 yılının Temmuz-Ekim aylarında Türkiye ile Yunanistan uyuşmazlık nedeniyle askeri olarak karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Bu uyuşmazlık, diğer Türk-Yunan sorunlarına nazaran iki ülke arasında daha şiddetli krizler yaratma potansiyeli bulunan sistemik, bölgesel ve aktör bazlı özelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle, uyuşmazlıkta bugüne kadar yaşanan krizlerin incelenmesi sorunun geleceğine ışık tutmak açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, uyuşmazlıkta yaşanan beş kriz durumu, literatürdeki dış politika krizi ve uluslararası kriz tanımları çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Bu inceleme neticesinde, sorunun geleceğinde yeniden kriz yaratma olasılığı yüksek durumlar sıralanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğu Akdeniz, deniz yetki alanları, uluslararası çatışma, dış politika krizi, uluslararası kriz

Kaynakça

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• Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement on Turkey’s new illegal NAVTEX (21 July 2020), https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/statements-speeches/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-statement-on-turkeys-new-illegal-navtex-21-july-2020.html, (05.12.2020).
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs announcement on Turkey’s new illegal Navtex (12 October 2020), https://www.mfa.gr/en/current-affairs/statements-speeches/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-announcement-on-turkeys-new-illegal-navtex-12-october-2020.html, (14.12.2020).
• SHOD, Seyir Hidrografi ve Oşinografi Dairesi Başkanlığı Örün Sitesi, Denizcilere Bildiri Numarası: 1032/18, 0977/20, 1024/20, 1062/20, 1085/20, 1093/20, 1262/20, 1314/20, 1332/20, 1364/20, 1404/20, 1460/20, http://www.shodb.gov.tr/shodb_esas/index.php/tr/, (20.02.2021).
• Statement by NSC Spokesperson Emily Horne on National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan’s Call with Head of Cabinet Bjoern Seibert of the European Commission, JANUARY 28, 2021, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/28/statement-by-nsc-spokesperson-emily-horne-on-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivans-call-with-head-of-cabinet-bjoern-seibert-of-the-european-commission/, (29.01.2021).
• Statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nikos Dendias, following the signing of the agreement on the delimitation of EEZ between Greece and Egypt (Cairo, 6 August 2020), https://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/egypt-en/news/statement-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-nikos-dendias-following-the-signing-of-the-agreement-on-the-delimitation-of-eez-between-greece-and-egypt-cairo-august-2020.html, (23.10.2020).
• T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı Resmi Örün Sitesi, https://enerji.gov.tr/tr-TR/Bakanlik-Haberleri/Basin-Aciklamasi------------, (17.06.2020).
• U.S. Response to Turkey’s Renewed Survey Activity in the Eastern Mediterranean, October 13, 2020, https://www.state.gov/u-s-response-to-turkeys-renewed-survey-activity-in-the-eastern-mediterranean/, (14.12.2020).
• Yunanistan Dışişleri Bakanlığının Oruç Reis’in Faaliyeti için Yayınlanan Navtex’e dair Açıklaması Hk., No: 244, 12 Ekim 2020, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-244_-yunanistan-disisleri-bakanligi-nin-oruc-reis-in-faaliyeti-icin-yayinlanan-navtex-e-dair-aciklamasi-hk.tr.mfa, (14.12.2020).
• Şekil 1. “Doğu Akdeniz: Kıbrıs açıklarında doğalgaz arama krizi nasıl başladı, hangi ülke ne istiyor?”, BBCNEWS Türkçe, 10.05.2019, https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-48225246, adresinden alınmıştır. (13.12.2020).
• Şekil 3. Anadolu Ajansı https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/turkiye-oruc-reisle-guneyindeki-yunan-rum-misir-kusatmasini-kiriyor/1938303, adresinden alınmıştır. (15.12.2020).
• Şekil 4. “Greece and Egypt sign agreement on exclusive economic zone”, Ekathimerini, 06.08.2020, https://www.ekathimerini.com/255573/gallery/ekathimerini/news/greece-and-egypt-sign-agreement-on-exclusive-economic-zone, sayfasından alınmıştır. (23.10.2020).