Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy

Youcef Kachaou; Manel Bidi; Ishak Aloui

doi:10.30521/jes.1756747

Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy

Abstract

The simultaneous integration of Distributed Generations (DGs) and Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) improves the operation of distribution systems and introduces multiple technical dimensions. The paper proposes a procedure for optimal integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation (PVDG) and Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) in Radial Distribution Systems (RDSs). The procedure is formulated as a composite objective function (COF). From the technical point of view, total active power losses (TAPL), total voltage deviation (TVD), voltage stability index (VSI), and voltage profile improvement level are considered. The method consists of a hybrid improvement technique combining velocity pausing and adaptive strategy (VAS) with a so-called PSO algorithm to enhance the solution quality of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other algorithms mentioned in the literature. The efficiency of the method is examined for 3 cases with a test setup having IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus RDSs. According to tests, the hybrid VAS-PSO algorithm shows that the simultaneous allocation of multiple PVDG and DSTATCOM in all standard test systems significantly achieves the lowest COF value (reduces the TAPL and TVD and enhances the voltage profile and VSI Compare) and presents better performance than the other tested algorithms. Besides, that the ability to allocate PVDG and DSTATCOM optimally while maintaining a voltage profile level within the permissible limit, where the TAPL and TVD decreased to 94.43% and 91.45%, respectively under the IEEE 33 bus and to 97.96% and 93.16% for the IEEE 69 bus is achieved for various scenarios using the proposed hybrid VAS-PSO algorithm.

Keywords

References

[1] Zellagui M, Lasmari A, Settoul S, El-Sehiemy RA, El-Bayeh CZ, Chenni R. Simultaneous allocation of photovoltaic DG and DSTATCOM for techno-economic and environmental benefits in electrical distribution systems at different loading conditions using novel hybrid optimization algorithms. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst. 2021;31:e12992. doi:10.1002/2050-7038.12992
[2] Belbachir N, Zellagui M, Lasmari A, El-Bayeh CZ, Bekkouche B. Optimal integration of photovoltaic distributed generation in electrical distribution network using hybrid modified PSO algorithms. Indones J Electr Eng Comput Sci. 2021;24(1):50–60. doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp50-60
[3] Sujatha BC, Usha A, Geetha RS. Dynamic fuzzy learning based hybrid GWO-CSA for optimal planning of PV, BESS and DSTATCOM with network reconfiguration. Discover Appl Sci. 2024;6:59. doi:10.1007/s42452-024-05684-w
[4] Belbachir N, Kamel S, Hashim FA, Yu J, Zeinoddini-Meymand H, Sabbeh SF. Optimizing the hybrid PVDG and DSTATCOM integration in electrical distribution systems based on a modified homonuclear molecules optimization algorithm. IET Renew Power Gener. 2023;17:3075–3096. doi:10.1049/rpg2.12826
[5] Dal AR, Nasraldeen HN, Şahin HM. Efficiency analysis of fixed and axis tracking options of photovoltaic systems to be installed in a marina. J Energy Syst. 2024;8(1):40–52. doi:10.30521/jes.1345912
[6] Dang X, Shu X, Li F. Dynamic graph attention meets multi-scale temporal memory: a hybrid framework for photovoltaic power forecasting under high renewable penetration. Processes. 2025;13:873. doi:10.3390/pr13030873
[7] Ghatak SR, Sannigrahi S, Acharjee P. Optimized planning of power distribution network with solar energy, battery storage and DSTATCOM: a multi-objective approach. In: Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES); 2018 Dec 18–21; Chennai, India. IEEE; 2018. p. 1–6.
[8] Serdari E, Burza U. The bus selection based on PV curve for the photovoltaic integration into power grid. J Energy Syst. 2024;8(3):143–152. doi:10.30521/jes.1258349

[9] Kanwar N, Gupta N, Niazi KR, Swarnkar A. Improved cat swarm optimization for simultaneous allocation of DSTATCOM and DGs in distribution systems. J Renew Energy. 2015;2015:189080. doi:10.1155/2015/189080
[10] Rukmani DK, Thangaraj Y, Subramaniam U, Ramachandran S, Elavarasan RM, Das N, et al. A new approach to optimal location and sizing of DSTATCOM in radial distribution networks using bio-inspired cuckoo search algorithm. Energies. 2020;13:4615. doi:10.3390/en13184615
[11] Isha G, Jagatheeswari P. Optimal allocation of DSTATCOM and PV array in distribution system employing fuzzy-lightning search algorithm. Automatika. 2021;62(3):339–352. doi:10.1080/00051144.2021.1963080
[12] Shaikh R, Stojcevski A, Seyedmahmoudian M, Chandran J. A multi-objective approach for optimal sizing and placement of distributed generators and distribution static compensators in a distribution network using the black widow optimization algorithm. Sustainability. 2024;16:4577. doi:10.3390/su16114577
[13] Luis FG, Daniel SV, Oscar DM. Optimal integration of PV generators and D-STATCOMs into the electrical distribution system to reduce the annual investment and operational cost: a multiverse optimization algorithm and matrix power flow approach. e-Prime Adv Electr Eng Electron Energy. 2024;9:100747. doi:10.1016/j.prime.2024.100747
[14] Pragya G, Nitin M, Sheila M. Probabilistic distribution system planning: integrating PV-based DG, DSTATCOM, and reconfiguration under solar irradiance and load uncertainties. Facta Univ Ser Electron Energ. 2025;38(3):397–430. doi:10.2298/FUEE2503397G
[15] Yuvaraj T, Devabalaji KR, Thanikanti SB. Simultaneous allocation of DG and DSTATCOM using whale optimization algorithm. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Electr Eng. 2020;44:879–896. doi:10.1007/s40998-019-00272-w
[16] Mohammedi RD, Kouzou A, Mosbah M, Souli A, Rodriguez J, Abdelrahem M. Allocation and sizing of DSTATCOM with renewable energy systems and load uncertainty using enhanced gray wolf optimization. Appl Sci. 2024;14(2):556. doi:10.3390/app14020556
[17] Abou El-Ela AA, El-Sehiemy RA, Abbas AS. Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation and capacitor banks in distribution systems using water cycle algorithm. IEEE Syst J. 2018;12:3629–3636.
[18] Devabalaji KR, Ravi K. Optimal size and siting of multiple DG and DSTATCOM in radial distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. Ain Shams Eng J. 2016;7:959–971. doi:10.1016/j.asej.2015.07.002
[19] Yuvaraj T, Ravi K, Devabalaji KR. Optimal allocation of DG and DSTATCOM in radial distribution system using cuckoo search optimization algorithm. Model Simul Eng. 2017;2017:2857926. doi:10.1155/2017/2857926
[20] Isha G, Jagatheeswari P, Jasmine Gnana Malar A. Elitist Harris Hawks optimized voltage stability enhancement in radial distribution system. J Electr Eng Technol. 2023;18:2683–2693. doi:10.1007/s42835-023-01375-5
[21] Ferminus RA, Gnana SA. An optimization approach for optimal location and size of DSTATCOM and DG. Appl Energy. 2023;336:120797. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120797
[22] Ansari A, Byalihal SC. Application of hybrid TLBO-PSO algorithm for allocation of distributed generation and STATCOM. Indones J Electr Eng Comput Sci. 2022;29(1):38–48. doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i1.pp38-48
[23] Tang K, Meng C. Particle swarm optimization algorithm using velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Symmetry. 2024;16(6):661. doi:10.3390/sym16060661
[24] Ramadan A, Ebeed M, Kamel S, Ahmed EM, Tostado-Véliz M. Optimal allocation of renewable DGs using artificial hummingbird algorithm under uncertainty conditions. Ain Shams Eng J. 2023;14:101872. doi:10.1016/j.asej.2022.101872
[25] Hasan EO, Hatata AY, Badran EA, et al. Optimal coordination of voltage control devices in distribution systems connected to distributed generations. Electr Eng. 2019;101:175–187. doi:10.1007/s00202-019-00764-2
[26] Settoul S, Chenni R, Hassan HA, Zellagui M, Kraimia MN. MFO algorithm for optimal location and sizing of multiple photovoltaic distributed generation units for loss reduction in distribution systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC); 2019 Nov 27–30; Agadir, Morocco. IEEE; 2019. p. 1–6.
[27] Kellogg WD, Nehrir MH, Venkataramanan G, Gerez V. Generation unit sizing and cost analysis for stand-alone wind, photovoltaic, and hybrid wind/PV systems. IEEE Trans Energy Convers. 1998;13:70–75. doi:10.1109/60.658206
[28] Settoul S, Zellagui M, Abdelaziz AY, Chenni R. Optimal integration of renewable distributed generation in practical distribution grids based on moth-flame optimization algorithm. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Electrical Engineering (ICAEE); 2019 Nov 19–21; Algiers, Algeria. IEEE; 2019. p. 1–5.
[29] Hassan HA, Zellagui M. MVO algorithm for optimal simultaneous integration of DG and DSTATCOM in standard radial distribution systems based on technical-economic indices. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON); 2019 Dec 17–19; Cairo, Egypt. IEEE; 2019. p. 277–282.
[30] Kennedy J, Eberhart R. Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Neural Networks (ICNN); 1995 Nov 27–Dec 1; Perth, Australia. IEEE; 1995. p. 1942–1948.
[31] Shami TM, Mirjalili S, Al-Eryani Y, et al. Velocity pausing particle swarm optimization: a novel variant for global optimization. Neural Comput Appl. 2023;35:9193–9223. doi:10.1007/s00521-022-08179-0
[32] Ke C, Feng YZ, Xian-Feng Y. Hybrid particle swarm optimization with spiral-shaped mechanism for feature selection. Expert Syst Appl. 2019;128:140–156. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2019.03.039
[33] Wang R, Hao K, Chen L, Wang T, Jiang C. A novel hybrid particle swarm optimization using adaptive strategy. Inf Sci. 2021;579:231–250. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2021.07.093
[34] Sannigrahi S, Ghatak SR, Acharjee P. Multi-scenario based bi-level coordinated planning of active distribution system under uncertain environment. IEEE Trans Ind Appl. 2020;56:850–863. doi:10.1109/TIA.2019.2951118
[35] Abou El-Ela AA, El-Sehiemy RA, Shaheen AM, Eissa IA. Optimal coordination of static VAR compensators, fixed capacitors, and distributed energy resources in Egyptian distribution networks. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst. 2020;30:e12609. doi:10.1002/2050-7038.12609
[36] Frahat M, Hatata AY, Saadawi MM, Kaddah SS. Grasshopper optimization-based optimal sizing of DG/DSTATCOM in distribution networks. Mansoura Eng J. 2022;47:6–16. doi:10.21608/bfemu.2022.238659
[37] Dash SK, Mishra S. Simultaneous optimal placement and sizing of D-STATCOMs using a modified sine cosine algorithm. In: Das S, Mohanty MN, editors. Advances in Intelligent Computing and Communication. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 202. Singapore: Springer; 2021. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0695-3_41
[38] Lasmari A, Zellagui M, Chenni R, Semaoui S, El-Bayeh CZ, Hassan HA. Optimal energy management system for distribution systems using simultaneous integration of PV-based DG and DSTATCOM units. Energetika. 2020;66:1–14. doi:10.6001/energetika.v66i1.4294

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Energy Transmission, Networks and Systems

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Youcef Kachaou This is me
0009-0000-2626-7908
Algeria

Manel Bidi ^*
0009-0005-2969-9198
Algeria

Ishak Aloui This is me
0009-0004-5656-6799
Algeria

Early Pub Date

December 24, 2025

Publication Date

December 24, 2025

Submission Date

August 2, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 2, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1756747

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA97LR45GT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kachaou, Y., Bidi, M., & Aloui, I. (2025). Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Journal of Energy Systems, 9(4), 380-404. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1756747

AMA

1.Kachaou Y, Bidi M, Aloui I. Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Journal of Energy Systems. 2025;9(4):380-404. doi:10.30521/jes.1756747

Chicago

Kachaou, Youcef, Manel Bidi, and Ishak Aloui. 2025. “Simultaneous Integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation and Distribution Static Compensators for Technical Performance Enhancement in Distribution Networks Using PSO With Velocity Pausing and Adaptive Strategy”. Journal of Energy Systems 9 (4): 380-404. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1756747.

EndNote

Kachaou Y, Bidi M, Aloui I (December 1, 2025) Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Journal of Energy Systems 9 4 380–404.

IEEE

[1]Y. Kachaou, M. Bidi, and I. Aloui, “Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy”, Journal of Energy Systems, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 380–404, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.30521/jes.1756747.

ISNAD

Kachaou, Youcef - Bidi, Manel - Aloui, Ishak. “Simultaneous Integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation and Distribution Static Compensators for Technical Performance Enhancement in Distribution Networks Using PSO With Velocity Pausing and Adaptive Strategy”. Journal of Energy Systems 9/4 (December 1, 2025): 380-404. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1756747.

JAMA

1.Kachaou Y, Bidi M, Aloui I. Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Journal of Energy Systems. 2025;9:380–404.

MLA

Kachaou, Youcef, et al. “Simultaneous Integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation and Distribution Static Compensators for Technical Performance Enhancement in Distribution Networks Using PSO With Velocity Pausing and Adaptive Strategy”. Journal of Energy Systems, vol. 9, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 380-04, doi:10.30521/jes.1756747.

Vancouver

1.Youcef Kachaou, Manel Bidi, Ishak Aloui. Simultaneous integration of photovoltaic distributed generation and distribution static compensators for technical performance enhancement in distribution networks using PSO with velocity pausing and adaptive strategy. Journal of Energy Systems. 2025 Dec. 1;9(4):380-404. doi:10.30521/jes.1756747

Cited By

Hybrid GA-GSO-PSO algorithm for optimal PVDG and DSTATCOM placement and sizing in distribution networks

Journal of Energy Systems

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1759249

Optimal integration of PVDG and DSTATCOM in distribution systems using SBAC-VAS-PSO algorithm

Engineering Research Express

https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ae393f