Techno-economic analysis of a transmission line between an island grid and a mainland grid

Abstract

Islands are commonly isolated electricity systems that rely heavily on imported fossil fuels. Interconnection with a mainland power system is a solution to offset the exposure to volatile fuel prices and increase the stability of the island grid. This paper presents and discusses the main results of a case study aiming to see the economic effects of a 200 MW HVDC connection between an island grid and a mainland grid. The purpose was to see how much of the island’s oil price scenarios can be overcome with this new interconnector. For this research, North Cyprus grid was modeled in MATPOWER software to do optimal power flow analysis. The results are used to compare fuel-based generation costs to importing electricity from the mainland. The analysis shows that this interconnector decreases the island’s generation costs by 28% to 78%, and with the possible renewable installations, this reduction can be increased further.

Keywords

• Island grid
• HVDC
• Techno-economic analysis
• Transmission line

References

1. [1] Direl K. Northern Cyprus Power Grid and the effects of Renewable Energy. In: EEMKON Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Kongresi; 14-16 November 2019: EMO Publish, pp. 1-14.
2. [2] Suri M. Global Solar Atlas 2.0 Technical Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2019
3. [3] Ozerdem O.C, Biricik., S. Overview of energy system and major power quality problems in north Cyprus, Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering, 2011 pp. 71-75.
4. [4] Wang J, Zong Y, You S, Traeholt C. A review of Danish integrated multi-energy system flexiblity options for high wind power penetration. Clean Energy, 2017; I:1-13, DOI: 10.1093/ce/zkx002
5. [5] Zafeiratou E, Spataru C. Long Term analysis of submarine transmission grid extensions between the Greek islands and the mainland. In: International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and Technologies (SEST); 9-11 September 2019: IEEE, Porto, Portugal, pp. 1-6.
6. [6] Georgiou, P, Mavrotas, G, Diakoulaki, D. The effect of islands' interconnection to the mainland system on the development of renewable energy sources in the Greek power sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15. 2011. pp. 2607-2620. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2011.03.007
7. [7] Nanou S, Papadapulos M, Papathanassıou S. Assessment of Island Interconnection Projects via HVDC Links of partial capacity: The case of Crete. In: Cigre Paris Session; 22-26 August 2016: CIGRE, Paris, pp. 1-9.
8. [8] Papadopoulos M, Boulaxis N, Tsili M, Papathanassiou S. Increased Wind Energy Exploitation Via Interconnection Of Aegean Islands To The Mainland Grid. In: 19th International Conference on Electricity Distribution; 21-24 May 2007: Vienna, pp.1-4.

9. [9] Mosca C, Bompard E, Aluisio B, Migliori M, Vergine C, Cuccia P. HVDC for frequency stability under RES penetration: the Sardinia Island case. In: 2019 AEIT HVDC International Conference (AEIT HVDC), 9-10 May 2019: IEEE, pp. 1-6.
10. [10] Papadopoulos M, Boulaxis N, Tsili M, Papathanassiou S. Interconnection of the Cycladic Islands to the Mainland Grid. In: 5th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Power Systems and Electromagnetic Compatibility; 23-25 August 2005: Corfu Greece, pp. 429-435.
11. [11] Zimmerman R, Murillo-Sánchez C. MATPOWER User's Manual (Version 7.1). Zenodo, 2019. DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4074122
12. [12] Internet Web-Site: www.kibtek.com/uretim, KIB-TEK TRNC Electricity Generation Stations, 2015, 10 June 2020.
13. [13] Kundur P. Power System Stability and Control. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
14. [14] Fairley P. DC Versus AC: The Second War of Currents Has Already Begun. In: IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2012, I:10-6, pp. 104–103. DOI: 10.1109/MPE.2012.2212617
15. [15] Asplund G, Lennart C, Tollerz O, 50 years - Part 1 ABB - from pioneer to world leader. In: ABB Review, 2003 pp. 6–8.
16. [16] Anonymous. 50 years HVDC - Part II The semiconductor ’takeover’. In: ABB Review, 2003. pp. 10–13.
17. [17] Imhof, M. C. V. Voltage Source Converter Based HVDC – Modelling and Coordinated Control to Enhance Power System Stability. PhD, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Sweden, 2015.
18. [18] Internet Web-Site: http://www.abb.ch/cawp/seitp202/3a8302e9925218a4c1257d3f00451b52.aspx, Bewa H. ABB develops complete system solution for 1,100 kV HVDC power transmission, 2014
19. [19] Yazdani A, Iravani R. Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems - Modeling, Control, and Applications. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
20. [20] Bahrman M. HVDC Transmission Overview. In: 2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition; 21-24 April 2008: IEEE, pp. 1-7, DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2008.4517304
21. [21] Ruderwall R, Charpentier J, Sharma R. High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Transmission Systems Technology Review. In: Energy Week 2000, 7-8 March 2000: Washington, pp. 1-17.
22. [22] Jahan M, Hamim S, Imran M, Abeadin M, Chowdhury M Comparative cost analysis of VSC-HVDC and HVAC as transmission system for a 50 MW offshore wind farm in Hatiya Island. In: 2020 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry 4.0 (STI);19-20 December 2020; pp.1-4.
23. [23] Pillay C, Kabeya M, Davidson I. Transmission Systems: HVAC vs HVDC In: Proceedings of the 5th NA International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management; 10 – 14 August 2020: pp. 2061-2077
24. [24] Wu L, Fan X, Xu M, Li Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Jin H. Research and application of a power-flow-calculation method in multiterminal VSC-HVDC power grid. Global Energy Interconnection, 2019; 1: 37-44, DOI: 10.1016/j.gloei.2019.06.005
25. [25] Wiget R, Andersson G. DC optimal power flow including HVDC grids, In:2013 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, 21-23 August 2013:IEEE, pp. 1-6.
26. [26] Feng W, Tuan A, Tjernberg L, Mannikoff A, Bergman A. A New Approach for Benefit Evaluation of Multiterminal VSC–HVDC Using A Proposed Mixed AC/DC Optimal Power Flow. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2014, I:29, pp. 432-443. DOI:10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2267056
27. [27] Internet Web-Site: www.kibtek.com/wp-content/uploads/Statistikler/2019_statistic.pdf, TRNC Total Generation and Usage of Electricity in 2019, 1 Jan 2020
28. [28] Ries J, Gaudard L, Romerio F. Interconnecting an isolated electricity system to the European market: The case of Malta. Utilities Policy 2016; I: 1-14, DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2016.03.001
29. [29] Liun E. Suparman. Cost estimation of HVDC transmission system of Bangka's NPP candidates. 4th International Conference on Advances In Nuclear Science And Engineering; 16–19 September 2013: AIP Publishing, Bali, pp. 162-166.
30. [30] Internet Web-Site: rapor.epias.com.tr/rapor/xhtml/ptfSmfListeleme.xhtml, EPİAŞ Report of Costs, 10 Jun 2020