Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 43 - 56, 30.06.2018
Serdal Arslan
,
Erol Kurt
Ortzi Akizu
,
Jose Manuel Lopez-guede
Kaynakça
- Kurt, E, Arslan, S, Demirtas, M. Cogging torque exploration of radially and angularly directed fluxes in a new PM generator with the multiple stators. In: Proceedings of the 7th. Int. Conf. & Exh. Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies–EVER, 22-25 March 2012.
- Kurt, E., Gör, H., Döner, U. Electromagnetic design of a new axial and radial flux generator with the rotor back-irons. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(17), 7019-7026.
- Chalmers B.J., Spooner E. An axial-flux permanent-magnet generator for a gearless wind energy system. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 1999, 14(2) 251-257.
- Profumo, F., Zhang, Z., Tenconi, A. Axial flux machines drives: A new viable solution for electric cars. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 1997, 44(1) 39-45.
- Brown, N., Haydock, L., Bumby, J.R. Foresight Vehicle: A Toroidal, axial flux generator for hybrid IC engine/battery electric vehicle applications. SAE Technical Paper, 2002.
- Jin, J., Charpentier, J.-F., Tang, T. Preliminary design of a TORUS type axial flux generator for direct-driven tidal current turbine. In: Green Energy, 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2014. pp. 20-25.
- Wiltuschnig, I.P., et al. A Study of the Influence of Quasi-Halbach Arrays on a Torus Machine. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2016, 52(7), 1-4.
- Kahourzade, S., et al. Design optimization and analysis of AFPM synchronous machine incorporating power density, thermal analysis, and back-EMF THD. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 2013, 136, 327-367.
- Virtič, P., Vražić, M., Papa, G. Design of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine using analytical method and evolutionary optimization. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2016, 31(1), 150-158.
- Jolly, L., Jabbar, M.A., Qinghua, L. Design optimization of permanent magnet motors using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2005, 41(10), 3928-3930.
- Lim, D.-K., et al. Cogging torque minimization of a dual-type axial-flux permanent magnet motor using a novel optimization algorithm. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2013, 49(9), 5106-5111.
- Azzouzi, J., et al. Design optimization of an axial flux PM synchronous machine: comparison between DIRECT method and GAs method. In: Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. EPE-PEMC 2006. 12th International. IEEE, 2006. pp. 1094-1098.
- Qinghua, L.I.U., Jabbar, M.A., Khambadkone, A.M. Response surface methodology based design optimisation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for wide-speed operation. In: Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2004. (PEMD 2004). Second International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 498). IET, 2004. pp. 546-551.
- Ghasemi, A. Cogging torque reduction and optimization in surface-mounted permanent magnet motor using magnet segmentation method. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2014, 42(12), 1239-1248.
- Yu, J.-S., et al. Optimum design of stator and rotor shape for cogging torque reduction in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. Journal of Power Electronics, 2013, 13(4), 546-551.
- Bremner, R.D. Rapid optimization of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines using the response surface method and dimensionless parameters. Iowa State University, 2010.
- Jabbar. M.A., Jolly. L., Qinghua. L. Design optimisation of permanent magnet motors using response surface analysis. In: Digests 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering. 2004. pp. 28-30.
- Abbaszadeh, K., Rezaee Alam, F., Teshnehlab, M. Slot opening optimization of surface mounted permanent magnet motor for cogging torque reduction. Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 55, 108-115.
- Giurgea, S., et al. Multimodel optimization based on the response surface of the reduced FEM simulation model with application to a PMSM. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2008, 44(9), 2153-2157.
- Abbaszadeh, K., Rezaee Alam, F., Saied, S.A. Cogging torque optimization in surface-mounted permanent-magnet motors by using design of experiment. Energy Conversion and Management, 2011, 52(10), 3075-3082.
- Gao, X. K., et al. Robust design for torque optimization using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2002, 38(2), 1141-1144.
- Saha S., Choi, G.-D., Cho, Y.-H. Optimal rotor shape design of LSPM with efficiency and power factor improvement using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2015, 51(11), 1-4.
- Jiani, L., et al. Design Optimization and Analysis of a Dual-Permanent-Magnet-Excited Machine Using Response Surface Methodology. Energies, 2015, 8(9), 10127-10140.
- Hasanien, H.M., Abd-Rabou, A.S., Sakr, S.M. Design optimization of transverse flux linear motor for weight reduction and performance improvement using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2010, 25(3), 598-605.
- Pourmoosa, A.A., Mirsalim, Mojtaba. Design Optimization, Prototyping, and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Speed Linear Induction Motor with Toroidal Winding. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2015, 30(4), 1546-1555.
- Arslan, S., Gürdal, O., Akkaya, O.S., The Design, Dimensioning and Optimization of a 1 Kva Tubular Linear Alternator, Inter. J. Development Research, 2016, 6(12), 10550-10559.
- Wang, G., et al. Decomposition-based multi-objective differential evolution particle swarm optimization for the design of a tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Engineering Optimization, 2013, 45(9), 1107-1127.
- Kim, S.-I., et al. Optimal design of slotless-type PMLSM considering multiple responses by response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2006, 42(4), 1219-1222.
- Lee, J.H., et al. Optimum shape design of single-sided linear induction motors using response surface methodology and finite element method. In: Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. pp. 1-5.
- Park, J.M., et al. Rotor design on torque ripple reduction for a synchronous reluctance motor with concentrated winding using response surface methodology. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006, 42(10), 3479-3481.
- Choi, Y.C., Kim, H.-S., Lee, J.-H. Optimum design criteria for maximum torque density and minimum torque ripple of SynRM according to the rated wattage using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2008, 44(11), 4135-4138.
- Ahn, H.-M., et al. Optimal Design of Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Permanent Magnet Reduction and Dynamic Characteristic Improvement using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2015, 10(3), 935-943.
- Cove, S.R., et al. Applying response surface methodology to small planar transformer winding design. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(2), 483-493.
- Yang X., Patterson Dean, Hudgıns Jerry. Multi-objective design optimization of a single-sided axial Flux permanent magnet machine. In: Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE, 2013. pp. 822-825.
- Hwang, C.-C., et al. Optimization for reduction of torque ripple in an axial flux permanent magnet machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(3), 1760-1763.
- Mahmoudi, A., et al. Design, analysis, and prototyping of an axial-flux permanent magnet motor based on genetic algorithm and finite-element analysis. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2013, 49(4), 1479-1492.
- Huang, S., Aydın Metin, Lipo Thomas A. TORUS concept machines: pre-prototyping design assessment for two major topologies. In: Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE. IEEE, 2001. pp. 1619-1625.
- Huang, S., et al. A general approach to sizing and power density equations for comparison of electrical machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1998, 34(1), 92-97.
- Alpar, R. Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlilik-Güvenirlik, Ankara: Detay Publ., 2014, 1-668.
- Gao, X.K., et al. Robust design for torque optimization using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2002, 38(2), 1141-1144.
- Uzun, Y., Kurt, E., Kurt, H.H. Explorations of displacement and velocity nonlinearities and their effects to power of a magnetically-excited piezoelectric pendulum. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2015, 224, 119-130.
- Aydın, M. Magnet skew in cogging torque minimization of axial gap permanent magnet motors. In: Electrical Machines, 2008. ICEM 2008. 18th International Conference on. IEEE, 2008. pp. 1-6.
- Kurt, E., et al. Electromagnetic analyses of two axial-flux permanent magnet generators (PMGs). In: Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives (POWERENG), 2013 Fourth International Conference on. IEEE, 2013. pp. 290-294.
Design optimization study of a torus type axial flux machine
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 43 - 56, 30.06.2018
Serdal Arslan
,
Erol Kurt
Ortzi Akizu
,
Jose Manuel Lopez-guede
Öz
Axial flux machines are used frequently in wind energy applications due to their high power densities and efficiencies. However, the parametrical dependencies of those generators affect the generated power and efficiencies. For instance, turbine blade structures dimensions, change dramatically the speed and torque characteristics. Hence, this study includes a pursuit of optimization and the related design parameters for an axial generator in terms of its off grid operations. The analytical design relations and simulated data have shown that the geometric dimensions and morphology of the machine can be analyzed effectively under the finite element method and the optimization of the machine can be provided with a good accuracy by applying the response surface optimization. Cogging torque and power density formulated aim function gives a good optimization for the design. According to this approach, the general performance of the machine is maximized and the cogging torque and weight are kept to be decreased. Design variables are optimized by considering the generator size. Consequently, an optimal 4.8% increase in weight can yield to a 27.4% power enhancement in the machine.
Kaynakça
- Kurt, E, Arslan, S, Demirtas, M. Cogging torque exploration of radially and angularly directed fluxes in a new PM generator with the multiple stators. In: Proceedings of the 7th. Int. Conf. & Exh. Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies–EVER, 22-25 March 2012.
- Kurt, E., Gör, H., Döner, U. Electromagnetic design of a new axial and radial flux generator with the rotor back-irons. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(17), 7019-7026.
- Chalmers B.J., Spooner E. An axial-flux permanent-magnet generator for a gearless wind energy system. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 1999, 14(2) 251-257.
- Profumo, F., Zhang, Z., Tenconi, A. Axial flux machines drives: A new viable solution for electric cars. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 1997, 44(1) 39-45.
- Brown, N., Haydock, L., Bumby, J.R. Foresight Vehicle: A Toroidal, axial flux generator for hybrid IC engine/battery electric vehicle applications. SAE Technical Paper, 2002.
- Jin, J., Charpentier, J.-F., Tang, T. Preliminary design of a TORUS type axial flux generator for direct-driven tidal current turbine. In: Green Energy, 2014 International Conference on. IEEE, 2014. pp. 20-25.
- Wiltuschnig, I.P., et al. A Study of the Influence of Quasi-Halbach Arrays on a Torus Machine. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2016, 52(7), 1-4.
- Kahourzade, S., et al. Design optimization and analysis of AFPM synchronous machine incorporating power density, thermal analysis, and back-EMF THD. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 2013, 136, 327-367.
- Virtič, P., Vražić, M., Papa, G. Design of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine using analytical method and evolutionary optimization. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2016, 31(1), 150-158.
- Jolly, L., Jabbar, M.A., Qinghua, L. Design optimization of permanent magnet motors using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2005, 41(10), 3928-3930.
- Lim, D.-K., et al. Cogging torque minimization of a dual-type axial-flux permanent magnet motor using a novel optimization algorithm. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2013, 49(9), 5106-5111.
- Azzouzi, J., et al. Design optimization of an axial flux PM synchronous machine: comparison between DIRECT method and GAs method. In: Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2006. EPE-PEMC 2006. 12th International. IEEE, 2006. pp. 1094-1098.
- Qinghua, L.I.U., Jabbar, M.A., Khambadkone, A.M. Response surface methodology based design optimisation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors for wide-speed operation. In: Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 2004. (PEMD 2004). Second International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 498). IET, 2004. pp. 546-551.
- Ghasemi, A. Cogging torque reduction and optimization in surface-mounted permanent magnet motor using magnet segmentation method. Electric Power Components and Systems, 2014, 42(12), 1239-1248.
- Yu, J.-S., et al. Optimum design of stator and rotor shape for cogging torque reduction in interior permanent magnet synchronous motors. Journal of Power Electronics, 2013, 13(4), 546-551.
- Bremner, R.D. Rapid optimization of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines using the response surface method and dimensionless parameters. Iowa State University, 2010.
- Jabbar. M.A., Jolly. L., Qinghua. L. Design optimisation of permanent magnet motors using response surface analysis. In: Digests 3rd International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering. 2004. pp. 28-30.
- Abbaszadeh, K., Rezaee Alam, F., Teshnehlab, M. Slot opening optimization of surface mounted permanent magnet motor for cogging torque reduction. Energy Conversion and Management, 2012, 55, 108-115.
- Giurgea, S., et al. Multimodel optimization based on the response surface of the reduced FEM simulation model with application to a PMSM. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2008, 44(9), 2153-2157.
- Abbaszadeh, K., Rezaee Alam, F., Saied, S.A. Cogging torque optimization in surface-mounted permanent-magnet motors by using design of experiment. Energy Conversion and Management, 2011, 52(10), 3075-3082.
- Gao, X. K., et al. Robust design for torque optimization using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2002, 38(2), 1141-1144.
- Saha S., Choi, G.-D., Cho, Y.-H. Optimal rotor shape design of LSPM with efficiency and power factor improvement using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2015, 51(11), 1-4.
- Jiani, L., et al. Design Optimization and Analysis of a Dual-Permanent-Magnet-Excited Machine Using Response Surface Methodology. Energies, 2015, 8(9), 10127-10140.
- Hasanien, H.M., Abd-Rabou, A.S., Sakr, S.M. Design optimization of transverse flux linear motor for weight reduction and performance improvement using response surface methodology and genetic algorithms. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2010, 25(3), 598-605.
- Pourmoosa, A.A., Mirsalim, Mojtaba. Design Optimization, Prototyping, and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Speed Linear Induction Motor with Toroidal Winding. IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 2015, 30(4), 1546-1555.
- Arslan, S., Gürdal, O., Akkaya, O.S., The Design, Dimensioning and Optimization of a 1 Kva Tubular Linear Alternator, Inter. J. Development Research, 2016, 6(12), 10550-10559.
- Wang, G., et al. Decomposition-based multi-objective differential evolution particle swarm optimization for the design of a tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. Engineering Optimization, 2013, 45(9), 1107-1127.
- Kim, S.-I., et al. Optimal design of slotless-type PMLSM considering multiple responses by response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2006, 42(4), 1219-1222.
- Lee, J.H., et al. Optimum shape design of single-sided linear induction motors using response surface methodology and finite element method. In: Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011. pp. 1-5.
- Park, J.M., et al. Rotor design on torque ripple reduction for a synchronous reluctance motor with concentrated winding using response surface methodology. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2006, 42(10), 3479-3481.
- Choi, Y.C., Kim, H.-S., Lee, J.-H. Optimum design criteria for maximum torque density and minimum torque ripple of SynRM according to the rated wattage using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2008, 44(11), 4135-4138.
- Ahn, H.-M., et al. Optimal Design of Permanent Magnetic Actuator for Permanent Magnet Reduction and Dynamic Characteristic Improvement using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2015, 10(3), 935-943.
- Cove, S.R., et al. Applying response surface methodology to small planar transformer winding design. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(2), 483-493.
- Yang X., Patterson Dean, Hudgıns Jerry. Multi-objective design optimization of a single-sided axial Flux permanent magnet machine. In: Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2013 International Conference on. IEEE, 2013. pp. 822-825.
- Hwang, C.-C., et al. Optimization for reduction of torque ripple in an axial flux permanent magnet machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2009, 45(3), 1760-1763.
- Mahmoudi, A., et al. Design, analysis, and prototyping of an axial-flux permanent magnet motor based on genetic algorithm and finite-element analysis. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2013, 49(4), 1479-1492.
- Huang, S., Aydın Metin, Lipo Thomas A. TORUS concept machines: pre-prototyping design assessment for two major topologies. In: Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE. IEEE, 2001. pp. 1619-1625.
- Huang, S., et al. A general approach to sizing and power density equations for comparison of electrical machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1998, 34(1), 92-97.
- Alpar, R. Uygulamalı İstatistik ve Geçerlilik-Güvenirlik, Ankara: Detay Publ., 2014, 1-668.
- Gao, X.K., et al. Robust design for torque optimization using response surface methodology. IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 2002, 38(2), 1141-1144.
- Uzun, Y., Kurt, E., Kurt, H.H. Explorations of displacement and velocity nonlinearities and their effects to power of a magnetically-excited piezoelectric pendulum. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2015, 224, 119-130.
- Aydın, M. Magnet skew in cogging torque minimization of axial gap permanent magnet motors. In: Electrical Machines, 2008. ICEM 2008. 18th International Conference on. IEEE, 2008. pp. 1-6.
- Kurt, E., et al. Electromagnetic analyses of two axial-flux permanent magnet generators (PMGs). In: Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives (POWERENG), 2013 Fourth International Conference on. IEEE, 2013. pp. 290-294.