Investigating the impact of digital storytelling on EFL learners’ language motivation levels

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 164 - 189, 31.05.2025

Tuba Temel , Cevdet Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1600975

Cited By: 2

https://izlik.org/JA75RL69GP

Abstract

Motivation has been studied in many contexts and is acknowledged as one of the most significant aspects of language instruction. To increase student motivation and engagement, instructional materials, methods, and techniques are crucial to the language learning and teaching process. The current study examined how the creation of digital storytelling affected learners' L2 motivation levels. Sixty-three prep school students in a Turkish public university participated in the study. The study was conducted using a mixed method research methodology and the nonequivalent control (comparison) groups design. Two surveys, the English Language Learning Motivation Questionnaire and the Motivation Level of Making Digital Short Stories Questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview were used to gather the data. The SPSS software was used to evaluate quantitative data, and content analysis was used to assess the qualitative data. The results showed that the experimental group's motivation level differed from the control group in a statistically significant way. Additionally, the results showed that although the experimental group's L2 motivation level increased, the control group's post-test scores decreased. Several factors, including gender, computer use frequency, and computer self-efficacy beliefs, were also examined, and these factors were found to have no statistically significant effect on learners' L2 motivation levels. Consequently, incorporating digital stories into language instruction is considered beneficial since it increases student motivation.

Keywords

Digital storytelling , EFL learning , motivation

Ethical Statement

This study is based on the master's thesis of the first author, which was carried out under the supervision of the second author. Since the data of the study were obtained before 2020, it does not require ethics committee approval. However, the study was carried out by obtaining the necessary permissions within the framework of the letter numbered 12164519/010.99-842 of Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, School of Foreign Languages.

References

• Adara, R. A., & Haqiyyah, A. (2020). The effects of integrating digital storytelling to students’ motivation. Edukasi: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 131-145.
• Alemi, M., Givi, S. S., & Rezanejad, A. (2022). The role of digital storytelling in EFL students' writing skill and motivation. Language Teaching Research Quarterly, 32, 16-35. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2022.32.02
• Alexander, B. (2011). The new digital storytelling: Creating narratives with new media. ABC-CLIO.
• Bataineh, R. F., & Hani, N. A. B. (2011). The effect of a call program on Jordanian sixth-grade students’ achievement. Teaching English with Technology, 11(3), 3-24.
• Bewick, V., Cheek, L., & Ball, J. (2004). Statistics review 9: one-way analysis of variance. Critical Care-London-, 8(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc2836
• Bozdoğan, D. (2012). Content analysis of ELT students’ digital stories for young learners. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 6(2), 126-136.
• Bran, R. (2010). Message in a bottle: Telling stories in a digital world. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1790-1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.986
• Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
• Can, A. (2013). Quantitative Data Analysis in Scientific Research Process with SPSS. Pegem Academy.
• Castañeda, M. E. (2013). Digital storytelling: Building 21st-century literacy in the foreign language classroom. NECTFL Review, 71(1), 55-75.
• Chang, H. H. (2005). The relationship between extrinsic/intrinsic motivation and language learning strategies among college students of English in Taiwan. Ming Chuan University, Taiwan.
• Chigona, A. (2014). Using Digital Storytelling to Prepare New Teachers for Multicultural and Digital Natives’ Classrooms. In J. Viteli & M. Leikomaa (Eds.), Proceedings of EdMedia 2014--World Conference on Educational Media and Technology (pp. 1708-1713). Tampere, Finland: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/147705/
• Choi, D. (2012). Digital storytelling technology for developing schema for ESL/EFL reading comprehension. Secondary English Education, 5(1), 3-17.
• Chung, S. K. (2006). Digital storytelling in integrated arts education. The International Journal of Arts Education, 4(1), 33-63.
• Condy, J., Chigona, A., Gachago, D. & Ivala, E. (2012). Pre-service students’ perceptions and experiences of digital storytelling in diverse classrooms. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11(3), 278-285.
• Çoruk, H., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2020). The effect of digital storytelling process on the development of reflective thinking skills of learners. Instructional Technology and Lifelong Learning, 1(1), 1-23. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/itall/issue/55033/683128
• Deubel, P. (2003). An investigation of behaviorist and cognitive approaches to instructional multimedia design. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 12(1), 63-90.
• Flottemesch, K. (2013). Learning through narratives: The impact of digital storytelling on intergenerational relationships. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 17(3), 53-60.
• Gardner, R. C. (2004). Attitude/motivation test battery: International AMTB research project. Canada: The University of Western Ontario.
• Giannakou, O., & Klonari, A. I. (2019). Digital storytelling in education using Webgis. European Journal of Geography, 10(3).
• Girmen, P., Özkanal, Ü., & Dayan, G. (2019). Digital storytelling in the language arts classroom. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070108
• Gordon, C. (2011). Digital storytelling in the classroom. Arizona State University.
• Norris-Holt, J. (2001). Motivation as a contributing factor in second language acquisition. The Internet TESL Journal, 7(6), 1-8.
• Hava, K. (2021). Exploring the role of digital storytelling in student motivation and satisfaction in EFL education. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 34(7), 958-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1650071
• Hung, C.M., Hwang, G.J. & Huang, I. (2012). A project-based digital storytelling approach for improving students’ learning motivation, problem-solving competence and learning achievement. Educational Technology & Society, 15(4), 368-379. https://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.15.4.368
• Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
• Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a definition of mixed methods research. Sage, 1(2), 112-133.
• Kalaycı, Ş. (Ed.) (2006). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri [Multivariate statistical techniques with SPSS applied]. Asil Publishing.
• Kansoy, M. B., & Çıbık, A. S. (2022). Investigation of the effect of guided inquiry approach supported by digital stories on attitude towards inquiry. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 5(3), 600-618. http://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.1110578
• Khatib, M., Rezaei, S., & Derakhshan, A. (2011). Literature in EFL/ESL classroom. English Language Teaching, 4(1), p201. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1080411
• Lai, C. C., & Kritsonis, W. A. (2006). The advantages and disadvantages of computer technology in second language acquisition. Doctral Forum National Journal for Publishing and Mentoring Doctoral Student Research, 3(1), 1–6. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED492159
• Lankshear, C., & Knobel, M. (2011). New literacies: Everyday practices and social learning. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
• Liu, K. P., Tai, S. J. D., & Liu, C. C. (2018). Enhancing language learning through creation: The effect of digital storytelling on student learning motivation and performance in a school English course. Educational Technology Research and Development, 66, 913-935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-018-9592-z
• Lowenthal, P. R. (2009). Digital storytelling: An emerging institutional technology? In K. McWilliam & J. Hartley (Eds.), Story circle: Digital storytelling around the world, (pp. 252-259). Wiley-Blackwell.
• Lowenthal, P. R., & Dunlap, J. C. (2010). From pixel on a screen to real person in your students' lives: Establishing social presence using digital storytelling. The Internet and Higher Education, 13(1), 70-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.10.004
• Lynch, B. K. (1996). Language program evaluation: Theory and practice. Cambridge University Press.
• Malita, L., & Martin, C. (2010). Digital storytelling as web passport to success in the 21st century. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3060-3064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.465
• Meadows, D. (2003). Digital storytelling: Research-based practice in new media. Visual Communication, 2(2), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470357203002002004
• Mello, R. (2001). Building bridges: how storytelling influences teacher and student relationships. In Proceedings, storytelling in the Americas conference. St. Catherine, ON: Brooks University Press ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED457088).
• Morchio, M. M., & Muñoz, M. P. A. (2013). Didactic configurations and substantive knowledge in the English class. Actualización En La Enseñanza Del Inglés, 15-22.
• Munajah, R., Sumantri, M. S., & Yufiarti, Y. (2023). The use of digital storytelling to improve students' writing skills. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 3(1), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2023.01.006
• Nabah, A., Hussain, J., Al-Omari, A. & Shdeifat, S. (2009). The effect of computer assisted language learning in teaching English grammar on the achievement of secondary students in Jordan. The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 6(4), 431-439.
• Nazir Atta-Alla, M. (2012). Integrating language skills through storytelling. English Language Teaching, 5(12), 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n12p1
• Nobar, A. G. & Ahangari, S. (2012). The impact of computer assisted language learning on Iranian EFL learners’ task-based listening skill and motivation. Journal of Academic and Applied Studies, 2(1), 39-61.
• Normann, A. (2011). Digital storytelling in second language learning: A qualitative study on students’ reflections on potentials for learning. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/270258
• Nunan, D., & Bailey, K. M. (2009). Exploring second language classroom research: A comprehensive guide. Heinle Cengage Learning.
• Okumus, A. (2020). The perceptions and preferences of 8th grade students in digital storytelling in English. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 7(2), 585-604.
• Parsazadeh, N., Cheng, P. Y., Wu, T. T., & Huang, Y. M. (2021). Integrating computational thinking concept into digital storytelling to improve learners’ motivation and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(3), 470-495.
• https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120967
• Peshevska, M., & Koceska, N. (2024). The effect of digital storytelling on primary school students. International Journal of Computers in Education, 7(1), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12595197
• Pop, A. (2012, November). Enhancing English language writing and speaking through digital storytelling. In 7th International Conference on Virtual Learning (ICVL 2012) (pp. 453-458).
• Robin, B. R. (2008). Digital storytelling: A powerful technology tool for the 21st century classroom. Theory Into Practice, 47(3), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802153916
• Roby, T. (2010). Opus in the classroom: Striking Cords with content-related digital storytelling. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 10(1), 133-144. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/32348/
• Roy, A. (2024). Impact of digital storytelling on motivation in middle school English classrooms. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT), 14(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCALLT.35343
• Sadik, A. (2008). Digital storytelling: A meaningful technology-integrated approach for engaged student learning. Educational technology research and development, 56, 487-506.
• Sandelowski, M. (2000). Combining qualitative and quantitative sampling, data collection, and analysis techniques in mixed‐method studies. Research in Nursing & Health, 23(3), 246-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200006)23:3<246::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-H
• Shishko, B. (2022). Storytelling in the digital era: Perspectives on age and gender. Trames, 26(4), 397-411. https//doi.org/10.3176/tr.2022.4.03
• Singh, K. (2011). Study of achievement motivation in relation to academic achievement of students. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration, 1(2), 161-171.
• Skinner, E.N. & Hagood, M.C. (2008). Developing literate identities with English language learners through digital storytelling. The Reading Matrix, 8(2), 12-38.
• Spicer, S. R. (2013). The relationship between digital storytelling creation and self-efficacy beliefs on media production skill sets in first year college students. University of Minnesota.
• Sylvester, R. & Greenidge, W. (2009). Digital storytelling: Extending the potential for struggling writers. The Reading Teacher, 63(4), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1598/RT.63.4.3
• Şahin, A. N. E., & Kara, H. (2022). A digital educational tool experience in history course: Creating digital comics via Pixton Edu. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 5(1), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.983861
• Tatum, M. E. (2009). Digital storytelling as a cultural-historical activity: Effects on information text comprehension. University of Miami.
• Tsou, W., Wang, W., & Tzeng, Y. (2006). Applying a multimedia storytelling website in foreign language learning. Computers & Education, 47(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2004.08.013
• Verdugo, D. R., & Belmonte, I. A. (2007). Using digital stories to improve listening comprehension with Spanish young learners of English. Language Learning & Technology, 11(1), 87-101.
• Yang, Y., & Wu, W. (2012). Digital storytelling for enhancing student academic achievement, critical thinking, and learning motivation: A year-long experimental study. Computer & Education, 59, 339-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.12.012
• Yıldırım A. & Şimşek H. (2003). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in social sciences] (2nd ed). Seçkin Publishing.
• Yılmaz, A. (2012). The impact of the integration of short stories and the computer-assisted language learning on the motivation level of students. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
• Yoon, T. (2013). Are you digitized? Ways to provide motivation for ELLs using digital storytelling. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 2(1), 1-10. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/49787/