Karbonizasyon öncesi fosforik asit ve borik asit emdirilmiş kenevir liflerinin termal stabilizasyondaki bekletme sürelerinin yapısal değişimleri üzerine etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 720 - 736, 31.07.2025

Hakan Ateş , Abdullah Gül

https://doi.org/10.61112/jiens.1647395

Abstract

Bu çalışma kapsamında; sürdürebilir, doğal ve çevreci yapısı ile gün geçtikçe adından çokça bahsetmeye başlanılan endüstriyel kenevir lifinin endüstri için son derece stratejik bir ürün olan karbon lif olarak üretilmesine yönelik bir dizi çalışmaları konu almaktadır. Endüstriyel kenevir liflerinin termal stabilizasyonunu sağlamak oksijence zengin bir ortamda 250 °C’de 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 ve 180 dakika bekletme sürelerini içeren 6 farklı bekletme sürelerindeki ısıl işlemler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kimyasal emdirme sonrası ısıl işlem esnasındaki bekletme sürelerinin sonucunda elde edilen numunelerin yapısındaki fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimler; iplik numarası, lif kalınlığı, çakmak ile alev testi, DSC, TGA, FT-IR, X-RD ve SEM ölçümleri ile ortaya konuldu. DSC çalışması, fosforik asit ve borik asit emdirilmiş kenevir liflerinin termal stabilizasyonu bekletme sürelerinin artması ile arttırdığı ve selüloz yapısındaki hidroksil gruplarını bloke ederek uçucu ürünlerin oluşumunu önlediğini gösterdi. TGA termogramları artan bekletme sürelerinde karbon veriminde artış olduğunu gösterdi. XRD sonuçları, bekletme süresinin artmasıyla selüloz II kristal yapısının kaybolduğunu ve amorf bir yapının ortaya çıktığını gösterdi. FT-IR spektrumları, hidroksil gruplarının eş zamanlı uzaklaştırılması ve su uzaklaştırma reaksiyonları nedeniyle molekül içi ve moleküller arası hidrojen bağlarındaki kısmi kaybın devam ettiğini göstermektedir. 180 dk stabilizasyon bekletme süresinde TGA’dan elde edilen 900 °C'deki karbon verimi yaklaşık %40’tır. Fiziksel ve kimyasal yapıdaki değişimler; iplik numarası ve lif çapı ölçümlerinin yansıra, çakmak ile yakma ve renk değişimi analizi yöntemleri ile de desteklendi.

Keywords

Karbon lif , Kenevir , Termal stabilizasyon , TGA , DSC.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK-ARDEB

Project Number

223M375

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 223M375 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir Projeye verdiği destekten ötürü TÜBİTAK’a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

Karbonizasyon öncesi fosforik asit ve borik asit emdirilmiş kenevir liflerinin termal stabilizasyondaki bekletme sürelerinin yapısal değişimleri üzerine etkisi

Abstract

This study covers a series of studies on the production of industrial hemp fiber, which is increasingly being talked about with its sustainable, natural and environmentally friendly structure, as a highly strategic product for the industry, as carbon fiber. In order to provide thermal stabilization of industrial hemp fibers, heat treatments were carried out in 6 different holding times including 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes at 250 °C in an oxygen-rich environment. Physical and chemical changes in the structure of the samples obtained as a result of the holding times during the heat treatment after chemical impregnation were revealed by yarn count, fiber thickness, flame test with lighter, DSC, TGA, FT-IR, X-RD and SEM measurements. DSC study showed that thermal stabilization of hemp fibers impregnated with phosphoric acid and boric acid increased with increasing holding time and prevented the formation of volatile products by blocking hydroxyl groups in the cellulose structure. TGA thermograms showed that carbon yield increased with increasing holding time. XRD results showed that cellulose II crystal structure disappeared and an amorphous structure emerged with increasing holding time. FT-IR spectra show that partial loss of intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds continued due to simultaneous removal of hydroxyl groups and water removal reactions. Carbon yield at 900 °C obtained from TGA at 180 min. stabilization holding time was approximately 40%. Changes in physical and chemical structure were supported by yarn count and fiber diameter measurements as well as by burning with a lighter and color change analysis methods.

Keywords

Karbon lif , Kenevir , Termal stabilizasyon , TGA , DSC.

Project Number

223M375

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