THE EFFECT OF THE ECONOMIC CRISES AFTER 2000 ON PRIVATE HOSPITALS IN TURKEY

Abstract

A local or global economic crisis has serious economic consequences. The severity and duration of crises, which may occur due to more than one factor, may vary depending on these factors. The economic crisis has a negative impact on the health sector as well as all other sectors. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of the economic crises after 2000 on private hospitals in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of fourteen parameters such as the number of private hospitals, the number of beds, the total number of imaging, the number of applications to the physician, the number of inpatients, the total number of operations and the number of physicians were examined. Within the scope of the study, document analysis was carried out as a method. Health Statistics Annuals (2020) belonging to the Ministry of Health were taken as a basis in the said document review. When we look at the historical background of Turkey, it is seen that there was an economic crisis in 2001, 2008 and 2016. The 2001 crisis was excluded due to insufficient data. It has been observed that the number of private hospitals in Turkey has increased every year, regardless of the crisis. No effect of the 2008 crisis on the analyzed parameters was observed. When the parameters are evaluated, it was determined that the economic crisis experienced only in 2016 had a negative impact on private hospitals. This crisis had a negative impact on eight of the fourteen parameters examined.

Keywords

• Economic crisis
• Private Hospital
• Qualified Beds
• Number of Physicians
• Number of Patients
• Number of Surgery

References

1. 1. Aktan, C.C., Şen, H. (2001). Economic crisis: causes and solutions, New Turkey, Economic crisis special issue, 42(2).
2. 2. Kıyan, H.A. (2019).The effect of the economic crisis on the expenditures on the health sector in Turkey, Master Thesis, Erciyes University.
3. 3. Hoştut, S. (2019). Illustrating scientific trends in crisis management: Analysis of graduate theses, Erciyes Communication Journal, 6(1).
4. 4. Apak, S., Ataç, A. (2009). Global crises, chronological evaluation and analysis, Avcıol Publishing, İstanbul.
5. 5. Memişoğlu, D., Durgun, A. (2011). 2008 economic crisis and its effects on the health sector in Turkey, Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 13(1).
6. 6. Alpago, H. (2018). The place of crises in economy, Eurasian Journal of International Studies, 15(6).
7. 7. Hayek, F.A. (1966). Monetary Theory and The Trade Cycle, Çev. Koldor N, Croome, HM, M. Keley Publisher, New York.
8. 8. An, S.K., Cheng, I.H. (2010). Crisis communication research in public relations journals: tracking research trends over thirty years. timothy coombs ve sherry holladay, the handbook of crisis communication. UK: Blackwell Publishing.

9. 9. Dinçer, Ö. (2013). Strategic Management and Business Policy. 9th Edition, Alfa Publications.
10. 10. Mitroff, I. Shrivastava, P., Udwadia, F.E. (2017). Effective Crisis Management, The Academy of Management Executive, 4(1).
11. 11. Epelde, F., Iglesias, M. Anarte, L. (2012). Economic crisis: cost and effectiveness of short stay hospital units, An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 35 (3).
12. 12. Çıraklı, Ü., Yıldırım, H.H. (2018). Health policy choices and measures taken in times of economic crisis in the world from 1990 to 2014: a theoretical review, Journal of Health Academics,5(4).
13. 13. Kondilis, E., Giannakopoulos, S., Gavana, M., Ierodakonou, I., Waitzkin., H, Benos. (2013).A. Economic crisis, restrictive policies, and the population’s health and health care: the greek case. Public Health Ethics, 7(1).
14. 14. Çaman, Ö. (2009). Economic crises and their effects on health, Community Medicine, 28(2).
15. 15. Cambolat, H.Ş. (2013). The effects of economic crises on unionization at the scale of the health sector in Turkey, Beykent University, Master Thesis.
16. 16. Olafsdottır, A.E., Allotey, P., Reıdpath, D. (2013). A health system in economic crises: a case study from Iceland, Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health, 41(1).
17. 17. Hanefeld, J., Mayhew, S., Quigley, H.L., Martineau1, F., Karanikolos, M., Blanchet, K., Liverani, M., Mokuwa, EY., McKay, G., Balabanova, D. (2018). Towards an understanding of resilience: responding to health systems shocks, Health Policy and Planning, 33(3).
18. 18. Maresso, A. Mladovsky, P. Thomson, S. Sagan, A., Karanikolos, M., Richardson, E., Cylus, J., Evetovits, T., Jowett, M., Kluge, H. (2015). Economic crisis, health systems and health in Europe,country experiences, Observatory Studies Series,World Health Organization.
19. 19. Cortes, I., Beatriz, F., Lopez, G. (2014). The economic-financial crisis and health in Spain. Evidence and viewpoints, SESPAS Report, 28(5).
20. 20. Lehto, J., Vrangbaek, K., Winblad, U. (2015). The reactions to macro economic crises in Nordic health system policies: Denmark, Finland and Sweden,1980–2013, Health Economics, Policy and Law, 10(1).
21. 21. Ayaz, N. (2016). An investigation on the effects of economic crises on the tourism sector, Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2).
22. 22. Acar, M. (2009). Global financial crisis and its effects on Turkey, Framework Journal, (4).
23. 23. Eren, A., Süslü, B. A. (2001). general evaluation of the crises experienced in Turkey in the light of financial crisis theories, Journal of New Turkey , (41).
24. 24. Oktar, S., Yüksel, S. (2015). The banking crisis in Russia in 1998 and its leading indicators, Marmara University Journal of İİBF, 37(2).
25. 25. Rupa, D., Cashin, P. 2008. The anatomy of banking crisis, IMF Working Paper.
26. 26. Demirgünç, A., Detragiache, E. (1998). The determinants of banking crises in developing and developed countries, IMF Staff Papers.
27. 27. American Hospital, https://www.americanhospital.org/ history, Date of Access: 12/05/2020.
28. 28. Gider, Ö. (2011).The effects of economic crisis periods on private hospitals: A view on the financial performance of a private hospital using ratio analysis method, Recommendation Journal 36(9).
29. 29. Boratav, K. (2014).Turkish economic history, Ankara: İmge Publishing House.
30. 30. Çetin, F.G. (2014). Political economy of health in the axis of health transformation program, Gazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 19(1).
31. 31. Kibritçioğlu, A. (2001). Economic crises and governments in Turkey, 1969-2001, Journal of New Turkey.
32. 32. Kandemir, O. (2005). Causes and solutions of Turkey's 2000 and 2001 economic crises, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Master Thesis.
33. 33. Chang, S., Stuckler, D., Yip, P., Gunnell, D. (2013). Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study in 54 countries, BMJ.
34. 34. Yıldırım, S. (2010). The effects of the 2008 global economic crisis on the world and Turkish economy, KMU Journal of Social and Economic Research, 12 (18).
35. 35. Sancak, E., Demirbaş, E. (2011). The global economic crisis and its effects on the Turkish housing sector, Journal of the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences of Süleyman Demirel University, 6(3).
36. 36. Bulduklu, Y., Karaçor, S. (2017). Crisis communication and new media in health services, Atatürk Communication Journal,14.
37. 37. Images of TUIK Health Expenditures, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1084, Date of Access:12.05.2020.
38. 38. TUIK Health Expenditures Statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1084, Date of Access:12.05.2020.
39. 39. Clemensa, T., Michelsena, K., Commersa, M., Garelb, P., Dowdeswellc, B. (2014). European hospital reforms in times of crisis: aligning costcontainment needs with plans for structural redesign? Health Policy 14(6).
40. 40. Karagöl, E.T.(2016). July 15 coup attempt and Turkish economy, Adam Akademi 6(2).
41. 41. Davras, G., Aktel, M. (2018). Reflections of the 2015-2016 crisis on the Turkish economy, Journal of Süleyman Demirel University Visionary , 9(21).
42. 42. T.R. Ministry of Health Health Statistics Yearbook 2019, https://www.health.gov.tr/TR,62400/health-statistics-yearbook-2019- Date of Access: 10.05.2021.
43. 43. TUIK Health Tourism Statistics, http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1072, Date of Access: 12/05/2020.
44. 44. Çıraklı, Ü. (2017). The effects of economic crises on health: The case of Turkey, Hacettepe University, PhD Thesis.
45. 45. Can, Esin., Eroğlu, Seyit. A. (2016). Model Proposal on Global Market Entry Strategies for Private Hospitals in Turkey, International Health Management and Strategies Research Journal, 2(3).
46. 46. Dömbekci, H., Yılmaz, F., Özata, M. (2018). Current Situation of Private Hospital Management and Its Future: The Case of Konya, Hacettepe Health Administration Journal, 21(4), 675-697.
47. 47. Rachiotis. G., Kourousis, C., Hadjichristodoulou, C. (2014). Medical Supplies Shortages and Burnout among Greek Health Care Workers during Economic Crisis: a Pilot Study. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(5) 442-447.
48. 48. Zavros, D., Tsiantou, V., Pavi, E., Mylona, K., Kyriopoulos, J. (2013). Impact of Economic Crisis and Other Demographic and Socio-economic Factors on Self-rated health in Greece, European Journal of Public Health, 23 (2), 206–210.
49. 49. Kentikelenis, A., Papanicolas, I. (2011). Economic Crisis, Austerity and the Greek Public Health System, European Journal of Public Health, 22 (1), 4–5.
50. 50. Watts, J. (2016). Brazil's Health System Woes Worsen in Economic Crisis, The Lancet, 387 (10028), 1603-1604.
51. 51. De Vos, P., Garcia, P., Pena, MS., Stuff, P.V. (2010). Public Hospital Management in Times of Crisis: Lessons Learned from Cienfuegos, Cuba (1996–2008), Health Policy, 96 (1), 64-71.
52. 52. Kim, H., Chung, W.J., Song, Y.J., Kang, D.R., Yi, J.J., Nam, C.M. (2003). Changes in Morbidity and Medical Care Utilization After the Recent Economic Crisis in the Republic Of Korea, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 81 (8), 567-572.
53. 53. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,89801/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2020-yayinlanmistir.html. Date of Access: 27.07.2022