ANALYSIS OF SOME CONCEPTS RELATED TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH WITH THE N-GRAM METHOD

Abstract

Problem of the Study: Environmental health affects the quality of life. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the environment and health, and it is important to perceive, consider and understand this relationship together. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the change in the use of environmental and health-related concepts and the change in social, economic and environmental factors, using the n-gram method. Method: In this study, the n-gram analysis was used. Some concepts such as mining, industrialization, urbanization, environment, environmental factors, environmental conditions, environmental protection, environmental issues, environmental issues, environmental impact, environmental policy, environmental quality, medical geology, public health, etc., were studied. The historical development process of the concepts has been extracted and interpreted through the n-gram graph. Findings and Results: The concept of mining in the literature showed a continuous increase after the 1820s. The downward trend that started in the 1920s started to rise again after the second half of the 1920s, but after the 1980s it started to fall again. The concept of public health, which came to the fore in the 1880s, was frequently used in the 1940s in the literature. The fact that the concept of industrialization has always been on the rise after the 1920s can be explained by the industrial development moves of the countries that gained their independence in the First World War. Concepts related to the environment have increased starting from the 1900s. Some of these concepts started to be used in the literature in the 1950s. When the findings obtained in the study are evaluated together, it can be said that the prevalence of the use of environmental and health-related concepts in social life has increased especially after the 1950s.

Keywords

• Mining
• Industrialization
• Environmental Factors
• Environmental Conditions
• Environmental Protection
• Environmental Issues
• Environmental Policy

References

1. Aleahmad, A., Hakimian, P., Mahdikhani, F., & Oroumchian, F. (2007). N-gram and local context analysis for Persian text retrieval. 2007 9th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, ISSPA 2007, Proceedings, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPA.2007.4555345
2. Bernstein, S. (2000). ‘Ideas, Social Structure and the Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism. European Journal of International Relations, 6(4), 464–512.
3. Cardwell, D. S. . (1972). Technology, science and history: A short study of the major developments in the history of Western mechanical technology and their relationship with science and other forms of knowledge. Heinemann.
4. Çiftçi, A. ., Ural, M. N., & Vural, A. (2020). Baz Metallerin Dünya Siyasi Tarihindeki Önemli Olaylarla Bağlantısının Retrospektif Literatür Taraması Yöntemi ile Araştırılması [Investigation of the Relationship between Base Metal (Pb-Zn-Cu) and Social/Political/Economical Events by N-gram Analysis]. Social Sciences Studies, 5(Nisan).
5. Çiftçi, A., Ural, M. N., & Vural, A. (2019). N-gram Analizi ile Baz Metal (Pb-Zn-Cu) ve Sosyal/Siyasal Olayların İlişkilendirilebilirliğinin Araştırılması. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 116–124.
6. Çiftçi, A., Vural, A., & Ural, M. N. (2020). Analysis of Environmental and Heal Related Concepts with N-Gram Method. 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir/Türkiye.
7. Griffin, E. (2010). A short History of the British Industrial Revolution. In 1850 over 50 percent of the British lived and worked in cities. Palgrave.
8. Huang, Y. C., Lin, H., Hsu, Y. L., & Lin, J. L. (2012). Using n-gram analysis to cluster heartbeat signals. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-12-64

9. Kaya, A., & Vural, A. (2020). Investigation of Natural (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and Artificial (137Cs) Radioactivity Concentrations of Kırkpavli and Hazine Mağara Ore Deposits (Gümüşhane). 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir-Türkiye.
10. Knobler, S., Mahmoud, A., Lemon, S., & Pray, L. (2003). The Impact of Globalization on Infectious Disease Emergence and Control: Exploring the Consequences and Opportunities, Workshop Summary – Forum on Microbial Threats. Nap.edu. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/11588
11. Levitt, A. M., Drotman, D. P., & Ostroff, S. (2007). Control of Infectious Diseases: A Twentieth-Century Public Health Achievement. In J. W. Ward & C. Warren (Eds.), Silent Victories The History and Practice of Public Health In Twentieth Century America. Oxford University Press.
12. Manahan, S. E. (2008). Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry. CRC Press.
13. Mathews, J. (1989). Redefining Security. Foreign Affairs, 68(2), 162–177.
14. Mitchell, R. B. (2002). -16. International Environmental Agreements Database Project iea.uoregon.edu/environmental-agreements-date.
15. Reddy, D. K. S., & Pujari, A. K. (2006). N-gram analysis for computer virus detection. Journal in Computer Virology, 2(3), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11416-006-0027-8
16. Rushton, L. (2003). Health hazards and waste management. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg034
17. Schneider, K. (1992). Campaign: Issues – The Environment; Clinton and Bush Show Contradictions in Balancing Jobs and Conservation. The New York Times, www.nytimes.com/ 1992/10/13/us/1992-campaign-issues-environment-clinton-bush-show-contradic tions-balancing-jobs.html?pagewant.
18. Stevenson, H. (2018). Global Environmental Politics PROBLEMS, POLICY, AND PRACTICE (Vol. 53, Issue 9). Cambridge University Pres. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
19. Sungur, A., Vural, A., Gundogdu, A., & Soylak, M. (2020). Effect of antimonite mineralization area on heavy metal contents and geochemical fractions of agricultural soils in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. Catena, 184(January 2019), 104255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104255
20. Tiryakioğlu, M., & Tuna, Ö. (2016). Kalkınma Ajanslarının Çevresel Sürdürülebilirliği Sağlamadaki Rolü Üzerine Bir Tartışma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 207–221.
21. Tuna, Ö., & Ural, M. N. (2017). N-Gram Analysis of Historic Development of Fundamental Terms Regarding Corporate Sustainability. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi-İAD, 9(4), 227–244.
22. Ural, M.N. Vural, A. Çiftçi, A. (2019). Nadir Toprak Elementlerin Literatürde Kullanım Sıklığının N-Gram Yöntemi ile Analizi ve Kullanım Sıklığı Sosyal/Siyasal Olaylarla Karşılaştırılması. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 135–144.
23. Ural, M. N., Vural, A., & Çiftçi, A. (2020a). Conceptual Development Analysis of Health Tourism Based on “N-Gram.” 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir/Türkiye.
24. Ural, M. N., Vural, A., & Çiftçi, A. (2020b). Nadir Toprak Elementlerinin Sosyo/Kültürel Ekonomik ve Teknolojik Gelişmelerle İlişkisinin N-gram Analiz ile İncelenmesi [Analysis of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Literature by Using N-gram Method and Comparison with Social / Political / Economic Even. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 6(24), 369–379.
25. Van Neuss, L. (2015). Why Did the Industrial Revolution Start in Britain? SSRN Electronic Journal, January. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2696076
26. Vural, A. (2019). Investigation of the radiation risk to the inhabitants in the region close to the hydrothermal alteration site, Gümüşhane/Turkey. Journal of Engineering Research and Applied Science, 8(2), 1168–1176.
27. Vural, A. (2018). Assessment of Radiation Exposure Risks of Villagers Living in Sites Close to Hydrothermal Alteration Areas: Demirören, Gümüşhane/NE Turkey. 3rd International Healt Sciences and Management Conference, 298–305.
28. Vural, A., & Kaya, A. (2020). Study on the natural and artificial radioactivity risk of the Aktutan alteration site (Gümüşhane). 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir/Türkiye.
29. Vural, A., Ural, M. N., & Çiftçi, A. . (2019). N-gram Yöntemi ile Altın-Gümüş Elementlerinin Sosyal/Siyasal Olaylarla İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 125–134.
30. Vural, A., Ural, N., & Çiftçi, A. (2020). Değerli Metallerin Sosyal / Siyasal / Ekonomik Olaylarla İlişkisinin N- gram Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the Relationship between Precious Metals and Social / Political / Economic Events by n-gram Method]. Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 6(29), 247–257.
31. Vural, Alaaddin. (2013). Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Roadside Soil and Plants of Robinia pseudoacacia, in Gumushane, Northeastern Turkey. Ekoloji, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2013.891
32. Vural, Alaaddin. (2015a). Assessment of metal pollution associated with an alteration area: Old Gümüşhane, NE Black Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(5), 3219–3228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2907-7
33. Vural, Alaaddin. (2015b). Assessment of metal pollution associated with an alteration area: Old Gümüşhane, NE Black Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(5), 3219–3228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-2907-7