Conceptual Analysis of the Change in the Historical Process in Health Tourism

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 67 - 73, 25.12.2020

Mustafa Nuri Ural , Alaaddin Vural , Ali Çiftçi

Öz

In this study, the development processes of health tourism and related basic concepts were revealed by n-gram analysis. In the digitalized books in Google database; concepts related to health tourism such as medical categorization, bathing and water treatment, tourism and tourism types have been selected as key words and the evolution of these words with respect to time has been studied. The frequency of occurrence was determined, and the relationships between the usage frequencies of these concepts and their time-dependent changes were analyzed and visualized.
Obtained findings evaluated together, it is observed that the concept of modern medicine has existed in the literature since the 1800s and rise after the 1890s. It has been determined that the concepts of hot springs, mineral water and balneology were used before the 1800s, but did not vary much except for small fluctuations. While the concept of spa was observed with high frequency between 1800 and 1850, it was found to be relatively low until the 1960s. After the 1960s it showed an increasing trend. The concepts related to health and tourism have increased after the 1960s, but have a widespread use frequency especially after the 1990s. Especially with the increase in the welfare level of societies, the increase in the frequency of use of these concepts is remarkably parallel.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Health Tourism, Hot Bath, Modern Medicine, Alternative Medicine, Traditional Medicine

Destekleyen Kurum

-

Proje Numarası

-

Kaynakça

• Aksu, A., & Bayar, K. (2019). Development of Health Tourism in Turkey: SWOT Analysis of Antalya Province. Journal of Tourism Management Research, 6(2), 134–154. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.31.2019.62.134.154
• Aleahmad, A., Hakimian, P., Mahdikhani, F., & Oroumchian, F. (2007). N-gram and local context analysis for Persian text retrieval. 2007 9th International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, ISSPA 2007, Proceedings, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSPA.2007.4555345
• Alonso-Alvarez, L. (2012). The value of water: The origins and expansion of thermal tourism in Spain, 1750–2010. Journal of Tourism History, 4(1), 15–34.
• Bellegarda, J., Naik, D., & Silverman, K. (2014). Systems and Methods for Selective Text to Speech Synthesis (Patent No. US 8,712,776 B2). https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/46/75/34/c98b04ebaa171e/US8712776.pdf
• Bomar, P. J. (2013). Comments on complementary and alternative healing modalities. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 19(2), 1–6.
• Bushell, R., & Staiff, R. (2001). Development of a Conceptual Framework for ‘Healthy Tourism’ in the Pacific Region, Sydney: Western Pacific Regional Office of the World Health Organization and the UWS WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health.
• Carrera, P. M., & Bridges, J. F. P. (2006). Globalization and healthcare: Understanding health and medical tourism. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 6(4), 447–454. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737167.6.4.447
• Çiftçi, A. ., Ural, M. N., & Vural, A. (2020). Baz Metallerin Dünya Siyasi Tarihindeki Önemli Olaylarla Bağlantısının Retrospektif Literatür Taraması Yöntemi ile Araştırılması [Investigation of the Relationship between Base Metal (Pb-Zn-Cu) and Social/Political/Economical Events by N-gram Analysis]. Social Sciences Studies, 5(Nisan).
• Çiftçi, A., Ural, M. N., & Vural, A. (2019). N-gram Analizi ile Baz Metal (Pb-Zn-Cu) ve Sosyal/Siyasal Olayların İlişkilendirilebilirliğinin Araştırılması. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 116–124.
• Çiftçi, A., Vural, A., & Ural, M. N. (2020). Analysis of Environmental and Heal Related Concepts with N-Gram Method. 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir/Türkiye. Connell, J. (2006). Medical tourism: Sea, sun, sand and . . . surgery. Tourism Management, 27, 1093–1100.
• Eriş, H. (2019). The Swot Analysis For Health Tourism of Şanlıurfa. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 71(18), 1278–1298.
• Eriş, H. (2020). Sağlık Turizmi (1st ed.). İKSAD.
• Eriş, H., & Barut, S. (2020). Sağlık Turizmi. In H. Eriş (Ed.), Sağlık Turizmi (pp. 45–60). İKSAD.
• Eriş, H., & Kemer, E. (2020). Medical Tourism Awareness of Health Workers. Medico-Legal Update, 20(4), 38–43.
• Huang, Y. C., Lin, H., Hsu, Y. L., & Lin, J. L. (2012). Using n-gram analysis to cluster heartbeat signals. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6947-12-64
• Kukich, K. (1992). Techniques for automatically correcting words in text. ACM Computing Surveys, 24(4), 377–439.
• Manning, C., & Schütze, H. (1999). Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing. MIT Press. Miles, D. (2005). The Tribes of Britain. Phoenix.
• Mueller, H., & Kaufmann, E. L. (2001). ‘Wellness tourism: Market analysis of a special health tourism segment and implications for the hotel industry. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(1), 5–17.
• Osmanbeyoğlu, H. U., & Ganapathiraju, M. K. (2011). N-gram analysis of 970 microbial organisms reveals presence of biological language models. BMC Bioinformatics, 12, 12.
• Reisman, D. (2010). Healty Tourism Social Welfare through International Trade. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
• Rolker, J., Schill, E., Stober, I., Schneider, J., Neumann, T., & Kohl, T. (2015). Hydrochemical characterisation of a major central European heat flux anomaly: the Bürchau geothermal spring system, Southern Black Forest, Germany. Geothermal Energy, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40517-014-0021-1
• Smith, M. K., & Puczkó, L. (2017). The Routledge Handbook of Health Tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Health Tourism. Routhedge, Taylor&Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315693774
• Stober, I., & Bucher, K. (2013). Geothermal Energy, From Theoretical Models to Exploration and Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13352-7
• Tiryakioğlu, M., & Tuna, Ö. (2016). Kalkınma Ajanslarının Çevresel Sürdürülebilirliği Sağlamadaki Rolü Üzerine Bir Tartışma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 207–221.
• Ural, M.N. Vural, A. Çiftçi, A. (2019). Nadir Toprak Elementlerin Literatürde Kullanım Sıklığının N-Gram Yöntemi ile Analizi ve Kullanım Sıklığı Sosyal/Siyasal Olaylarla Karşılaştırılması. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 135–144.
• Ural, M. N., Vural, A., & Çiftçi, A. (2020a). Conceptual Development Analysis of Health Tourism Based on “N-Gram.” 5.Uluslararası Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yönetimi Kongresi, 9-11 Temmuz 2020, Kırşehir/Türkiye.
• Ural, M. N., Vural, A., & Çiftçi, A. (2020b). Nadir Toprak Elementlerinin Sosyo/Kültürel Ekonomik ve Teknolojik Gelişmelerle İlişkisinin N-gram Analiz ile İncelenmesi [Analysis of Rare Earth Elements (REE) in the Literature by Using N-gram Method and Comparison with Social / Political / Economic Even. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 6(24), 369–379.
• Vural, A. (2019). Zenginleştirilmiş Jeoturizm Güzergahlarına Dair Farkındalık Oluşturulması : Eski Gümüşhane - Dörtkonak Güzergahı[Creation of Awareness of Enhanced Geotourism Routes: Old Gümüşhane-Dörtkonak Route]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10, 250–274.
• Vural, A. (2018a). Gümüshane-Zigana Zenginlestirilmis Jeoturizm Güzergâhı [Gümüshane-Zigana Enriched Geotourism Route]. II. International Sustainable Tourism Congress, 607–617.
• Vural, A. (2018b). Zenginlestirilmis Jeoturizm Güzergahlarına Dair Farkındalık Olusturulması: Eski Gümüshane-Dört Konak Güzergahı [Creation of Awareness of Enhanced Geotourism Routes: Old Gümüshane Dört Konak Route]. II. International Sustainable Tourism Congress, 533–542.
• Vural, A. (2018c). Zenginlestirilmis Jeoturizm Rotası: Karadag ve Artabel Gölleri. 71. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 481–482.
• Vural, A., Ural, M. N., & Çiftçi, A. . (2019). N-gram Yöntemi ile Altın-Gümüş Elementlerinin Sosyal/Siyasal Olaylarla İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. 4. Uluslararası GAP Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi, 125–134.
• Vural, A., Ural, N., & Çiftçi, A. (2020). Değerli Metallerin Sosyal / Siyasal / Ekonomik Olaylarla İlişkisinin N- gram Yöntemi İle Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the Relationship between Precious Metals and Social / Political / Economic Events by n-gram Method]. Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 6(29), 247–257.
• Walton, J. K. (2012). Health, sociability, politics and culture. Spas in history, spas and history: An overview. Journal of Tourism History, 4(1), 1–14.