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Erratum: Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 22, 193 - 210, 31.10.2025
The original article was published on April 30, 2025. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jihsam/issue/91557/1666860

Erratum Note

In line with the author's request, the surname misspelled during the layout process was corrected and published.

Abstract

Natural disasters and earthquakes cause unexpected events and changes in the social and economic lives of societies. The two earthquakes that occurred consecutively in 2011 in Van affected the social and economic life of the province. The objective of this study is to define the changes in the economy of the province after the earthquakes and to explain the unexpected changes by the concept of The Butterfly Effect. This study is data analysis research. The study explores the changes after the 2011 earthquakes over the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) data between 2005 and 2017 of the Van province. Although a drop in the economic size of Van occurred because of the earthquakes, the following four years showed an unexpected growth of 3.6 times. While the research on this field notes that the effects of natural disasters may be negative or positive, our study consist an example that natural disasters may trigger a positive Butterfly Effect on the economy of a city.

Ethical Statement

Ethical issues including plagiarism, informed consent, misconduct, data fabrication and/or falsification, double publication and/or submission, redundancy, etc. have been completely considered by the authors.

Supporting Institution

None.

Thanks

None.

References

  • Acet, H., Erdoğan, S., & Köksal, M. (2016). Import, export and growth between causality: Turkey application. The Journal of Social Economic Research, 16(31), 145-161.
  • Adlard, R., Miller, T., & Smit, N. (2015). The butterfly effect: Parasite diversity, environment, and emerging disease in aquatic wildlife. Trends in Parasitology, 31(4), 160-166.
  • AFAD (2009). https://www.afad.gov.tr/afad-hakkinda
  • AFAD. (2014). 2011 Van earthquake in terms of intervention, improvement and socioeconomics. Ankara: Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Awokuse, T. O. (2002). Is the export-led growth hypothesis valid for Canada? University of Delaware Department of Food and Resource Economics Staff Paper, No:02-01.
  • Benson, C. (1997). The economic impact of natural disasters in Viet Nam (Vol. 98). London: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Berger‐thomson, L., Chung, E., & McKibbin, R. (2010). Estimating marginal propensities to consume in Australia using micro data. Economic Record, 86, 49-60.
  • Bo, X., Xielin, L., & Liguo, Z. (2012). Research on honeycomb emergency management model for quality events. Systems Engineering Procedia, 5, 301-306.
  • Borensztein, E., Cavallo, E., & Valenzuela, P. (2009). Debt sustainability under catastrophic risk: The case for government budget insurance. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 12(2), 273-294.
  • Cahyadi, C., Chan, L. W., Colombo, P., & Heng, P. W. S. (2011). The butterfly effect: A physical phenomenon of hypromellose matrices during dissolution and the factors affecting its occurrence. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 406(1), 31-40.
  • Cavallo, E., Galiani, S., Noy, I., & Pantano, J. (2013). Catastrophic natural disasters and economic growth. Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(5), 1549-1561.
  • Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Ren, H., & Shi, M. (2011). The causes and prevention measures of bullwhip effect in supply chain [Conference presentation]. 2011 November International Conference on IEEE 1, Shenzhen, China.
  • Cooper, S., & Coxe, D. (2005). An investor’s guide to avian flu. BMO Nesbitt Burns Research, Canada.
  • Eğilmez M (2016). Macroeconomics. İstanbul, Remzi Publishing.
  • Erkin Erkan, N., Güner, A., & Demeter, K. (2007). On the role of local governments in risk reduction. Marmara University Urban Problems and Local Administrations Research and Application Center and World Bank.
  • Freimuth, V. S. (2006). Order out of chaos: The self-organization of communication following the anthrax attacks. Health Communication, 20(2), 141-148.
  • Gerni, C., Emsan, Ö. S., & Değer, M. K. (2008). Import and export oriented economic growth: 1980-2006 Turkey’s experience [Conference presentation]. 2nd National Economic Congress, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos (I. A. Demir, Trans., 2014, 1st ed.). ALFA Publishing, İstanbul.
  • Gökçe, O., Özden, Ş., & Demir, A. (2008). Spatial and statistical distribution of disaster information inventory of disasters in Turkey. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, General Directorate of Disaster Affairs.
  • Goldobin, E., Kleiner, R., Koelle, D., & Mints, R. G. (2013). Phase retrapping in a point-like φ Josephson junction: The butterfly effect. Physical Review Letters, 111(5), 057004.
  • Haslett, T. (2011). How to watch the right butterfly: Some guidelines for the design of emergency response organizations. Information Knowledge Systems Management, 10(1-4), 175-188.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2002). Export performance and economic growth nexus in Japan: A bootstrap approach. Japan and the World Economy, 14(1), 25-33.
  • Helbing, D. (2009). Managing complexity in socio-economic systems. European Review, 17(2), 423-438.
  • Horwich, G. (2000). Economic lessons of the Kobe earthquake. Economic development and cultural change, 48(3), 521-542.
  • İkiz, A. S. (2015). Butterfly Effect of the Arab Spring: Expected Changes in the Western World. Journal of Social and Humanities Researches, 1(35), 52-72.
  • Jaaskela, J. P., & Kulish, M. (2010). The butterfly effect of small open economies. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(7), 1295-1304.
  • Jaramillo Herrera, C. R. (2007). Natural disasters and growth: evidence using a wide panel of countries, Documen to Centor de Estudios Sobre Desarrollo Economico CEDE, 14:2–42.
  • Jovel, J. R. (1989). Natural disasters and their economic and social impact. CEPAL review, 1989(38), 133-145.
  • Kira, A. R. (2013). The factors affecting Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries: The case of Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 148-158.
  • Kılıç, Y. (2015). The relationship between economic growth and education: Regional differences in Turkey. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(2), 129-156.
  • Kıray, A. (2011). Social sciences complexity and chaos (Book analysis). Entrepreneurship and Development Journal, 6(1), 281–286.
  • Lagadec, P. (2007). Crisis management in the twenty-first century: 'Unthinkable' events in 'inconceivable' contexts. Springer, New York.
  • Lee, J. W. (1994). Capital goods imports and long-run growth. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No:4725.
  • Legrand, M., & Plaud, B. (2013). Etomidate and general anesthesia: The butterfly effect? Anesthesia & Analgesia, 117(6), 1267-1269.
  • Lorenz, E. (1972, December 29). Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly's wing in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas? [Conference presentation]. American Associations for the Advancement of Science 139th Meeting, Washington.
  • Mechler, R. (2007). Doğal afetlerin makroekonomik etkileri. Afet Risk Yönetimi Risk Azaltma ve Yerel Yönetimler. Beta Publishing, İstanbul.
  • Mirza, H., & Giroud, A. (2006). The impact of foreign direct investment on the economic development of ASEAN economies. In S. Söderman (Ed.), Emerging Multiplicity: Integration and Responsiveness in Asian Business Development (pp. 151-179). Switzerland, Multiplicity.
  • Nawrocki, D. N. (2000). Portfolio optimization, heuristics, and the 'butterfly effect'. Journal of Financial Planning-Denver, 13(2), 68-79.
  • Oktay, F. (2014). Intervention, improvement, and socioeconomic perspective of the 2011 Van earthquake. Ankara: Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Oluwatuyi, O., & Velleri, O. N. (2014). Air disaster and its implications in the developing countries: A case study of Nigeria. Modern Social Science Journal, 3, 1-15.
  • Ozdemir, O., Ozdemir, P. G., & Yilmaz, E. (2014). The butterfly effect in psychiatry: A case example. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 34.
  • Özkara B. (1999). Evolutionary and Revolutionary Organizational Change. Afyon: Afyon Kocatepe University Press.
  • Pindyck, R. S., & Wang, N. (2013). The economic and policy consequences of catastrophes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(4), 306-339.
  • Sarı Y. (2014). General Economics II Lecture Notes; 2014. tf.ogu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/genel_ekonomi_II_2014.pdf
  • Seeger, M. W. (2002). Chaos and crisis: Propositions for a general theory of crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 28(4), 329-337.
  • Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2002). Chaos theory, informational needs, and natural disasters. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(4), 269-292.
  • Ståhle, P., & Åberg, L. (2015). Organizations in a non-linear, unpredictable world. Business and Management Studies, 1(1):6-12.
  • Steinbuch, R. (2008). The butterfly effect of politics over principle: The debate over the Unborn Victims of Violence Act and the Motherhood Protection Act. Quinnipiac Health L.J., 12, 223.
  • Tanyaş M, Günalay Y, Aksoy L, Küçük B. (2013). New model proposal for Rize province in disaster logistics management [Conference presentation]. II. Rize Development Symposium, Rize, Turkey.
  • Truvalı, Y. K. (2002). Order behind chaos. Victory Magazine, April, 16-17.
  • Turan, A. M. (2012). Lessons learned from Van and Erciş earthquakes 2011, Turkey: An evaluation of disaster management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(22), 42-52.
  • Turkey's National Disaster Archive (TUAA). (2009). Afet arsivi. https://afetarsivi.afad.gov.tr
  • Wu, J., Li, N., Hallegatte, S., Shi, P., Hu, A., & Liu, X. (2012). Regional indirect economic impact evaluation of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 161-172.
  • Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). 'Smart parts' supply networks as complex adaptive systems: Analysis and implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(2), 108-125.
  • Xiao, Y. (2011). Local economic impacts of natural disasters. Journal of Regional Science, 51(4), 804-820.
  • Yeldan, A.E., & Ünüvar, B. (2016). An assessment of the Turkish economy in the AKP era. Research and policy on Turkey, 1(1), 11-28.
  • Žalgirytė, L., & Gižienė, V. (2014). The analysis of trends in GDP and Cyclical nature of GDP changes in Baltic States. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 371-375.
  • Zhang, X., & Zou, H. (1995). Foreign technology imports and economic growth in developing countries. Washington: The World Bank.

Erratum: Doğal Afetlerin Ekonomi Üzerindeki Kelebek Etkisi: 2011 Van Depremi Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 11 Issue: 22, 193 - 210, 31.10.2025
The original article was published on April 30, 2025. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jihsam/issue/91557/1666860

Erratum Note

Abstract

Doğal afetler ve depremler toplumların sosyal ve ekonomik yaşamlarında beklenmeyen olaylara ve değişikliklere neden olur. 2011 yılında Van'da üst üste meydana gelen iki deprem, ilin sosyal ve ekonomik yaşamını etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, depremler sonrasında ilin ekonomisinde meydana gelen değişimleri tanımlamak ve doğal afetlerin bir şehrin ekonomisi üzerinde olumlu Kelebek Etkisini tetikleyebileceğini göstermektir. Bu çalışma bir veri analizi araştırmasıdır. Çalışma, 2011 depremlerinden sonra Van ilinin Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) verilerinde 2005-2017 yılları arasındaki değişiklikleri incelemektedir. Van'ın ekonomik büyüklüğünde depremler nedeniyle bir düşüş yaşanmış olsa da, sonraki dört yılda 3,6 katlık beklenmedik bir büyüme görülmüştür. Bu alandaki araştırmalar, doğal afetlerin etkilerinin olumlu veya olumsuz olabileceğini belirtirken, çalışmamız doğal afetlerin bir şehrin ekonomisinde olumlu bir Kelebek Etkisi tetikleyebileceğine dair bir örnek oluşturmaktadır.

Ethical Statement

İntihal, bilgilendirilmiş onam, uygunsuz davranış, veri uydurma ve/veya tahrifat, çift yayın ve/veya gönderim, tekrarlama vb. etik konular yazarlar tarafından tamamen dikkate alınmıştır.

Supporting Institution

Yok

Thanks

Yok

References

  • Acet, H., Erdoğan, S., & Köksal, M. (2016). Import, export and growth between causality: Turkey application. The Journal of Social Economic Research, 16(31), 145-161.
  • Adlard, R., Miller, T., & Smit, N. (2015). The butterfly effect: Parasite diversity, environment, and emerging disease in aquatic wildlife. Trends in Parasitology, 31(4), 160-166.
  • AFAD (2009). https://www.afad.gov.tr/afad-hakkinda
  • AFAD. (2014). 2011 Van earthquake in terms of intervention, improvement and socioeconomics. Ankara: Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Awokuse, T. O. (2002). Is the export-led growth hypothesis valid for Canada? University of Delaware Department of Food and Resource Economics Staff Paper, No:02-01.
  • Benson, C. (1997). The economic impact of natural disasters in Viet Nam (Vol. 98). London: Overseas Development Institute.
  • Berger‐thomson, L., Chung, E., & McKibbin, R. (2010). Estimating marginal propensities to consume in Australia using micro data. Economic Record, 86, 49-60.
  • Bo, X., Xielin, L., & Liguo, Z. (2012). Research on honeycomb emergency management model for quality events. Systems Engineering Procedia, 5, 301-306.
  • Borensztein, E., Cavallo, E., & Valenzuela, P. (2009). Debt sustainability under catastrophic risk: The case for government budget insurance. Risk Management and Insurance Review, 12(2), 273-294.
  • Cahyadi, C., Chan, L. W., Colombo, P., & Heng, P. W. S. (2011). The butterfly effect: A physical phenomenon of hypromellose matrices during dissolution and the factors affecting its occurrence. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 406(1), 31-40.
  • Cavallo, E., Galiani, S., Noy, I., & Pantano, J. (2013). Catastrophic natural disasters and economic growth. Review of Economics and Statistics, 95(5), 1549-1561.
  • Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Ren, H., & Shi, M. (2011). The causes and prevention measures of bullwhip effect in supply chain [Conference presentation]. 2011 November International Conference on IEEE 1, Shenzhen, China.
  • Cooper, S., & Coxe, D. (2005). An investor’s guide to avian flu. BMO Nesbitt Burns Research, Canada.
  • Eğilmez M (2016). Macroeconomics. İstanbul, Remzi Publishing.
  • Erkin Erkan, N., Güner, A., & Demeter, K. (2007). On the role of local governments in risk reduction. Marmara University Urban Problems and Local Administrations Research and Application Center and World Bank.
  • Freimuth, V. S. (2006). Order out of chaos: The self-organization of communication following the anthrax attacks. Health Communication, 20(2), 141-148.
  • Gerni, C., Emsan, Ö. S., & Değer, M. K. (2008). Import and export oriented economic growth: 1980-2006 Turkey’s experience [Conference presentation]. 2nd National Economic Congress, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Gleick, J. (1987). Chaos (I. A. Demir, Trans., 2014, 1st ed.). ALFA Publishing, İstanbul.
  • Gökçe, O., Özden, Ş., & Demir, A. (2008). Spatial and statistical distribution of disaster information inventory of disasters in Turkey. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, General Directorate of Disaster Affairs.
  • Goldobin, E., Kleiner, R., Koelle, D., & Mints, R. G. (2013). Phase retrapping in a point-like φ Josephson junction: The butterfly effect. Physical Review Letters, 111(5), 057004.
  • Haslett, T. (2011). How to watch the right butterfly: Some guidelines for the design of emergency response organizations. Information Knowledge Systems Management, 10(1-4), 175-188.
  • Hatemi-J, A. (2002). Export performance and economic growth nexus in Japan: A bootstrap approach. Japan and the World Economy, 14(1), 25-33.
  • Helbing, D. (2009). Managing complexity in socio-economic systems. European Review, 17(2), 423-438.
  • Horwich, G. (2000). Economic lessons of the Kobe earthquake. Economic development and cultural change, 48(3), 521-542.
  • İkiz, A. S. (2015). Butterfly Effect of the Arab Spring: Expected Changes in the Western World. Journal of Social and Humanities Researches, 1(35), 52-72.
  • Jaaskela, J. P., & Kulish, M. (2010). The butterfly effect of small open economies. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 34(7), 1295-1304.
  • Jaramillo Herrera, C. R. (2007). Natural disasters and growth: evidence using a wide panel of countries, Documen to Centor de Estudios Sobre Desarrollo Economico CEDE, 14:2–42.
  • Jovel, J. R. (1989). Natural disasters and their economic and social impact. CEPAL review, 1989(38), 133-145.
  • Kira, A. R. (2013). The factors affecting Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries: The case of Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 148-158.
  • Kılıç, Y. (2015). The relationship between economic growth and education: Regional differences in Turkey. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 48(2), 129-156.
  • Kıray, A. (2011). Social sciences complexity and chaos (Book analysis). Entrepreneurship and Development Journal, 6(1), 281–286.
  • Lagadec, P. (2007). Crisis management in the twenty-first century: 'Unthinkable' events in 'inconceivable' contexts. Springer, New York.
  • Lee, J. W. (1994). Capital goods imports and long-run growth. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series, No:4725.
  • Legrand, M., & Plaud, B. (2013). Etomidate and general anesthesia: The butterfly effect? Anesthesia & Analgesia, 117(6), 1267-1269.
  • Lorenz, E. (1972, December 29). Predictability: Does the flap of a butterfly's wing in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas? [Conference presentation]. American Associations for the Advancement of Science 139th Meeting, Washington.
  • Mechler, R. (2007). Doğal afetlerin makroekonomik etkileri. Afet Risk Yönetimi Risk Azaltma ve Yerel Yönetimler. Beta Publishing, İstanbul.
  • Mirza, H., & Giroud, A. (2006). The impact of foreign direct investment on the economic development of ASEAN economies. In S. Söderman (Ed.), Emerging Multiplicity: Integration and Responsiveness in Asian Business Development (pp. 151-179). Switzerland, Multiplicity.
  • Nawrocki, D. N. (2000). Portfolio optimization, heuristics, and the 'butterfly effect'. Journal of Financial Planning-Denver, 13(2), 68-79.
  • Oktay, F. (2014). Intervention, improvement, and socioeconomic perspective of the 2011 Van earthquake. Ankara: Turkey Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency.
  • Oluwatuyi, O., & Velleri, O. N. (2014). Air disaster and its implications in the developing countries: A case study of Nigeria. Modern Social Science Journal, 3, 1-15.
  • Ozdemir, O., Ozdemir, P. G., & Yilmaz, E. (2014). The butterfly effect in psychiatry: A case example. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 4(1), 34.
  • Özkara B. (1999). Evolutionary and Revolutionary Organizational Change. Afyon: Afyon Kocatepe University Press.
  • Pindyck, R. S., & Wang, N. (2013). The economic and policy consequences of catastrophes. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(4), 306-339.
  • Sarı Y. (2014). General Economics II Lecture Notes; 2014. tf.ogu.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/genel_ekonomi_II_2014.pdf
  • Seeger, M. W. (2002). Chaos and crisis: Propositions for a general theory of crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 28(4), 329-337.
  • Sellnow, T. L., Seeger, M. W., & Ulmer, R. R. (2002). Chaos theory, informational needs, and natural disasters. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 30(4), 269-292.
  • Ståhle, P., & Åberg, L. (2015). Organizations in a non-linear, unpredictable world. Business and Management Studies, 1(1):6-12.
  • Steinbuch, R. (2008). The butterfly effect of politics over principle: The debate over the Unborn Victims of Violence Act and the Motherhood Protection Act. Quinnipiac Health L.J., 12, 223.
  • Tanyaş M, Günalay Y, Aksoy L, Küçük B. (2013). New model proposal for Rize province in disaster logistics management [Conference presentation]. II. Rize Development Symposium, Rize, Turkey.
  • Truvalı, Y. K. (2002). Order behind chaos. Victory Magazine, April, 16-17.
  • Turan, A. M. (2012). Lessons learned from Van and Erciş earthquakes 2011, Turkey: An evaluation of disaster management. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(22), 42-52.
  • Turkey's National Disaster Archive (TUAA). (2009). Afet arsivi. https://afetarsivi.afad.gov.tr
  • Wu, J., Li, N., Hallegatte, S., Shi, P., Hu, A., & Liu, X. (2012). Regional indirect economic impact evaluation of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 161-172.
  • Wycisk, C., McKelvey, B., & Hülsmann, M. (2008). 'Smart parts' supply networks as complex adaptive systems: Analysis and implications. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 38(2), 108-125.
  • Xiao, Y. (2011). Local economic impacts of natural disasters. Journal of Regional Science, 51(4), 804-820.
  • Yeldan, A.E., & Ünüvar, B. (2016). An assessment of the Turkish economy in the AKP era. Research and policy on Turkey, 1(1), 11-28.
  • Žalgirytė, L., & Gižienė, V. (2014). The analysis of trends in GDP and Cyclical nature of GDP changes in Baltic States. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 371-375.
  • Zhang, X., & Zou, H. (1995). Foreign technology imports and economic growth in developing countries. Washington: The World Bank.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Orginal Research
Authors

Ünal Yaprak 0000-0001-5745-3455

Saime Şahinöz 0000-0003-0915-9344

Publication Date October 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 11 Issue: 22

Cite

APA Yaprak, Ü., & Şahinöz, S. (2025). Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, 11(22), 193-210.
AMA Yaprak Ü, Şahinöz S. Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. October 2025;11(22):193-210.
Chicago Yaprak, Ünal, and Saime Şahinöz. “Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11, no. 22 (October 2025): 193-210.
EndNote Yaprak Ü, Şahinöz S (October 1, 2025) Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11 22 193–210.
IEEE Ü. Yaprak and S. Şahinöz, “Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake”, Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 11, no. 22, pp. 193–210, 2025.
ISNAD Yaprak, Ünal - Şahinöz, Saime. “Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management 11/22 (October2025), 193-210.
JAMA Yaprak Ü, Şahinöz S. Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2025;11:193–210.
MLA Yaprak, Ünal and Saime Şahinöz. “Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake”. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management, vol. 11, no. 22, 2025, pp. 193-10.
Vancouver Yaprak Ü, Şahinöz S. Butterfly Effect of Natural Disasters on the Economy: The Case of the 2011 Van Earthquake. Journal of International Health Sciences and Management. 2025;11(22):193-210.