Effect of Seasonal, Altitudinal and Climatical Variations on SLA and LMA Parameters of Diospyros kaki L.

Öz

In the present study, the variation of key leaf characteristics, such as SLA and LMA in plant samples collected from four locations were determined using a Li-Cor portable leaf area measuring device. The effect of seasonal, altitudinal and climatic variations on SLA and LMA was evaluated. There were significant differences (P<0.01) in SLA and LMA values in terms of localities, months, temperature and precipitation. There were both elevation and seasonal variables in SLA and LMA values. The highest SLA and LMA values were in May and December, respectively. SLA and LMA values increased and decreased with increasing elevation, respectively. SLA and LMA of Diospyros kaki were related with temperature and precipitation. Results indicated that there were variations on SLA and LMA parameters due to ecological factors.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SLA
• LMA
• Altitude
• Diospyros kaki L.

Kaynakça

1. Amiri, M. S., Jabbarzadeh, P., & Akhondi, M. (2012). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Zangelanlo district, Northeast Iran. J Med Plants Res, 6(5), 749-753.
2. Azhdarzadeh, F., & Hojjati, M. (2016). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of leaf, ripe and unripe peel of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oils. Nutrition and Food Sciences Research, 3(1), 43-50.
3. Bajpai, V. K., Baek, K. H., & Kang, S. C. (2012). Control of Salmonella in foods by using essential oils: A review. Food Research International, 45(2), 722-734.
4. Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. (2016). Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis, 6(2), 71-79.
5. Barbagallo, C., & Chisari, G. (1987). Antimicrobial activity of three Hypericum species. Fitoterapia, 58(3), 175-177.
6. Baytop T. (1983). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey, Istanbul University Press, Istanbul, pp.197.
7. Cavaliere, C., Rea, P., Lynch, M. E., & Blumenthal, M. (2009). Herbal supplement sales experience slight increase in 2008. HerbalGram.
8. Chouhan, S., Sharma, K., & Guleria, S. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of some essential oils—present status and future perspectives. Medicines, 4(3), 58.

9. Cox, S. D., Mann, C. M., Markham, J. L., Bell, H. C., Gustafson, J. E., Warmington, J. R., & Wyllie, S. G. (2000). The mode of antimicrobial action of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil). Journal of applied microbiology, 88(1), 170-175.
10. Cox, S. D., Mann, C. M., Markham, J. L., Gustafson, J. E., Warmington, J. R., & Wyllie, S. G. (2001). Determining the antimicrobial actions of tea tree oil. Molecules, 6(2), 87-91.
11. Davis P.H. (1967). Flora of Turkey. Volume II. University of Edinburg, Edinburg.
12. Diao, W. R., Hu, Q. P., Zhang, H., & Xu, J. G. (2014). Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Food control, 35(1), 109-116.
13. Dobrindt, U., Hentschel, U., Kaper, J. B., & Hacker, J. (2002). Genome plasticity in pathogenic and nonpathogenic enterobacteria. Pathogenicity Islands and the Evolution of Pathogenic Microbes: Volume I, 157-175.
14. Dorman, H. D., & Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of applied microbiology, 88(2), 308-316.
15. Duval-Iflah, Y., Raibaud, P., Tancrede, C., & Rousseau, M. (1980). R-plasmic transfer from Serratia liquefaciens to Escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice associated with human fecal flora. Infection and Immunity, 28(3), 981-990.
16. Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., Nabavi, S. M., Nabavi, S. F., & Ahangar, N. (2013). Anticonvulsant activity of Hypericum scabrum L.; possible mechanism involved. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 17(16), 2141-4.
17. Eslami, B., Nabavi, S. F., Nabavi, S. M., Ebrahimzadeh, M. A., & Mahmoudi, M. (2011). Pharmacological activities of Hypericum scabrum L. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 15(5), 32-37.
18. Fadli, M., Saad, A., Sayadi, S., Chevalier, J., Mezrioui, N. E., Pagès, J. M., & Hassani, L. (2012). Antibacterial activity of Thymus maroccanus and Thymus broussonetii essential oils against nosocomial infection–bacteria and their synergistic potential with antibiotics. Phytomedicine, 19(5), 464-471.
19. Fahed, L., Beyrouthy, M. E., Ouaini, N., Eparvier, V., Stien, D., Vitalini, S., & Iriti, M. (2021). Antimicrobial activity and synergy investigation of Hypericum scabrum essential oil with antifungal drugs. Molecules, 26(21), 6545.
20. Fakir, H., Korkmaz, M., & Güller, B. (2009). Medicinal plant diversity of western Mediterrenean region in Turkey. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 3(2), 33-43.
21. Fischbach, M. A. (2011). Combination therapies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Current opinion in microbiology, 14(5), 519-523.
22. Gu, K., Song, Z., Zhou, C., Ma, P., Li, C., Lu, Q., ... & Wang, H. (2022). Development of nanobody-horseradish peroxidase-based sandwich ELISA to detect Salmonella Enteritidis in milk and in vivo colonization in chicken. Journal of nanobiotechnology, 20(1), 167.
23. Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., Başer, K. H. C., & Hedge, I. C. (Eds.). (2000). Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press.
24. Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., & Babaç, M. T. (2012). Türkiye bitkileri listesi. Damarlı Bitkiler, Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, 262.
25. Jiang, W. Z., Henry, I. M., Lynagh, P. G., Comai, L., Cahoon, E. B., & Weeks, D. P. (2017). Significant enhancement of fatty acid composition in seeds of the allohexaploid, Camelina sativa, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Plant biotechnology journal, 15(5), 648-657.
26. Jones, F. A. (1996). Herbs–useful plants. Their role in history and today. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 8(12), 1227-1231.
27. Keles, O., AK, S., Bakırel, T., & Alpınar, K. (2001). Türkiye'de yetişen bazı bitkilerin antibakteriyel etkisinin incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 25(4), 559-565.
28. Li, Z. H., Cai, M., Liu, Y. S., Sun, P. L., & Luo, S. L. (2019). Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of essential oil from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis. Molecules, 24(8), 1577.
29. Mahboubi, M., & Bidgoli, F. G. (2010). In vitro synergistic efficacy of combination of amphotericin B with Myrtus communis essential oil against clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Phytomedicine, 17(10), 771-774.
30. Nogueira, T., Marcelo-Curto, M. J., Figueiredo, A. C., Barroso, J. G., Pedro, L. G., Rubiolo, P., & Bicchi, C. (2008). Chemotaxonomy of Hypericum genus from Portugal: Geographical distribution and essential oils composition of Hypericum perfoliatum, Hypericum humifusum, Hypericum linarifolium and Hypericum pulchrum. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 36(1), 40-50.
31. Palombo, E. A. (2011). Traditional medicinal plant extracts and natural products with activity against oral bacteria: potential application in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Evidence-based complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011.
32. Perez, C. (1990). Antibiotic assay by agar-well diffusion method. Acta Biol Med Exp, 15, 113-115.
33. Rančić, A., Soković, M., Vukojević, J., Simić, A., Marin, P., Duletić-Laušević, S., & Djoković, D. (2005). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop, Hypericum perforatum L and Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17(3), 341-345.
34. Robson, N. K. B. (2001). Studies in the genus Hypericum L.(Guttiferae) 4 (1). Sections 7. Roscyna to 9. Hypericum sensu lato (part 1). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum Botany Series, 31, 37-88.
35. Russo, A., Formisano, C., Rigano, D., Senatore, F., Delfine, S., Cardile, V., ... & Bruno, M. (2013). Chemical composition and anticancer activity of essential oils of Mediterranean sage (Salvia officinalis L.) grown in different environmental conditions. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 42-47.
36. Sezik, E., Yesilada, E., Shadidoyatov, H., Kulivey, Z., Nigmatullaev, A. M., Aripov, H. N., ... & Honda, G. (2004). Folk medicine in Uzbekistan: I. Toshkent, Djizzax, and Samarqand provinces. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92(2-3), 197-207.
37. Sharma, A., Bajpai, V. K., & Baek, K. H. (2013). Determination of antibacterial mode of action of a llium sativum essential oil against foodborne pathogens using membrane permeability and surface characteristic parameters. Journal of Food Safety, 33(2), 197-208.
38. Steel, R. G., & Torrie, J. H. (1980). Principles and procedures of statistics mcgraw-hill book co. Inc., New York, 481.
39. Torğut, G., Yazdıç, F. C., & Gürler, N. (2022). Synthesis, characterization, pH‐sensitive swelling and antimicrobial activities of chitosan–graft‐poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel composites for biomedical applications. Polymer Engineering & Science, 62(8), 2552-2559.
40. Valgas, C., Souza, S. M. D., Smânia, E. F., & Smânia Jr, A. (2007). Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Brazilian journal of microbiology, 38, 369-380.
41. Xiang, F., Bai, J., Tan, X., Chen, T., Yang, W., & He, F. (2018). Antimicrobial activities and mechanism of the essential oil from Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van. var. argyi cv. Qiai. Industrial crops and products, 125, 582-587.
42. Zinoviadou, K. G., Koutsoumanis, K. P., & Biliaderis, C. G. (2009). Physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate films containing oregano oil and their antimicrobial action against spoilage flora of fresh beef. Meat Science, 82(3), 338-345.