Yenilebilir ve Tıbbi Mantar Hericium erinaceus’un Besin Bileşimi, Antioksidan Aktiviteleri ve Anti-kanser Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Mantarlar antik çağlardan itibaren besin bileşimleri ve tıbbi özellikleri sayesinde ilgi görmektedir. Son yıllarda mantar ekstrelerinin antioksidan bileşikleri, ilaç ve gıda endüstrilerinde sentetik antioksidan maddelerin alternatif kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırmacılar yenilebilir ve tıbbi özellikteki mantarlarla daha fazla ilgilenmeye başlamışlardır. Bu araştırmanın amacı ise, ticari olarak satın alınan Hericium erinaceus mantarının besin bileşimi, antioksidan potansiyeli, fenolik ve flavonoid içeriğini ortaya çıkarmak ayrıca A549 (akciğer adenokarsinomu) HT-29 (insan kolon adenokarsinomu) hücrelerine karşı antikanser etkisini değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, besin bileşimi Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) prosedürüne uygun olarak analiz edilmiştir. Hericium erinaceus protein, karbonhidrat, diyet lifi ve glukan içeriği ile yüksek bir besin değeri göstermiştir. Bu mantarın su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri belirlenmiş ve metanol ekstresinin üç ekstre türü arasında en yüksek fenolik (27.12±1.05 mg GAE/ g ekstre) ve flavonoid (13.48±1.13 mg QE/g ekstre) içeriğe sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, ekstrelerin antioksidan kapasitesi farklı yöntemlerle (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP ve CUPRAC) karşılaştırılmıştır. Metanol ekstresi diğer ekstreler arasında en yüksek DPPH (38.88±1.59 µM TE/g ekstre), FRAP (21.44±0.79 µM TE/g ekstre) ve CUPRAC (30.05±1.80 µM TE/g ekstre) aktivitelerini gösterirken, etanol ekstresi için ABTS (24.44±1.07 µM TE/g ekstre) aktivitesi en yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Son olarak, bu ekstrelerin A549 ve HT-29 hücrelerine karşı antikanser etkileri değerlendirildiğinde, 24 saatin sonunda su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin A549 hücrelerini sırasıyla %49.08, %52.08 ve %57.91 oranında HT-29 hücrelerini ise %52.82, %63.71 ve %71.07 oranında inhibe ettiği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• antioksidan
• antikanser aktivite
• besin kompozisyonu
• fenolik içerik
• Hericium erinaceus

Evaluation of Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant Activities and Anti-cancer Effect of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Hericium erinaceus

Öz

Mushrooms have attracted interest since ancient times due to their nutritional composition and medicinal properties. In recent years, the antioxidant compounds of mushroom extracts have become an source of alternative synthetic antioxidant substances in pharmaceutical and food industries. In this context, researchers have become increasingly interested in edible and medicinal mushrooms. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition, antioxidant potential, phenolic and flavonoid content of commercially purchased Hericium erinaceus mushroom and to evaluate its anticancer effect against A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cells. In this context, the nutrient composition was analyzed according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) procedure. Hericium erinaceus showed a high nutritional value with protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber and glucan content. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of water, ethanol and methanol extracts of this mushroom were determined and it was found that the methanol extract had the highest phenolic (27.12±1.05 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoid (13.48±1.13 mg QE/g extract) contents among the three extract types. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was compared by different methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC). Methanol extract showed the highest DPPH (38.88±1.59 µM TE/g extract), FRAP (21.44±0.79 µM TE/g extract) and CUPRAC (30.05±1.80 µM TE/g extract) activities among the other extracts, while ABTS (24.44±1.07 µM TE/g extract) activity was the highest for ethanol extract. Finally, when the anticancer effects of these extracts against A549 and HT-29 cells were evaluated, it was observed that water, ethanol and methanol extracts inhibited A549 cells by 49.08%, 52.08% and 57.91% and HT-29 cells by 52.82%, 63.71% and 71.07%, respectively, at the end of 24 hours.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• • antioxidant
• • anticancer activity
• • nutritional composition
• • phenolic content
• • Hericium erinacues

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