Effect of Alcohol Additive Fuels Used in a Gasoline Engine on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

Yıl 2021, , 3024 - 3034, 15.12.2021

Rasim Behcet , Ahmet Yakın

https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.928911

Öz

In parallel with the increase in the development level of the countries, the number of motor vehicles increases every day. Exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels pollute the air and threaten the environment and human health. A clean and healthy life is directly related to the quality of breathing air. The most important elements of air pollution are fossil-based fuels. One of the ways to prevent air pollution is to use alternative fuels to fossil-based fuels that cause pollution. Clean and local fuels, which can be an alternative to fossil-based fuels used in vehicles today, are vegetable and animal-derived biofuels. The most commonly used alternative fuels in gasoline engines are alcohol-based fuels. In this study, by adding 25% methanol by volume into pure gasoline, mixed fuel named as MB25 and by adding 25% by volume ethanol into pure gasoline, mixed fuels named EB25 were formed. These fuels were tested in an internal combustion gasoline engine and the effects of fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions were compared with gasoline. The results obtained by the gasoline engine testing of MB25 and EB25 blended fuels compared to gasoline, respectively, 41.61%, 16.97% decrease in CO emissions, 14.60%, 8.79% decrease in HC emissions occurred, while 35.43%, 4.53% increase in NOx emissions and 12.19%, 5.71% increase in CO2 emissions occurred, respectively. Also, the motor performance values 1.32% increase and 0.04% decrease in engine power, 2.10%, 1.23% increase in motor torque and % 5.20, % 1.58 increase in specific fuel consumption occurred, recpectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Methanol, ethanol, engine performance, exhaust emission

Benzinli Bir Motorda Kullanılan Alkol Katkılı Yakıtların Motor Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi

Öz

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyinin artmasına paralel olarak motorlu taşıt sayısında her gün artış meydana gelmektedir. Fosil yakıt ile çalışan taşıtlardan kaynaklanan egzoz emisyonları havayı kirletip çevre ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Temiz ve sağlıklı bir yaşam solunan havanın kalitesi ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Hava kirliliğinin en önemli unsurları fosil kaynaklı yakıtlardır. Hava kirliliğini önlemenin yollarından biride kirliliğe sebep olan fosil kaynaklı yakıtlara alternatif yakıtlar kullanmaktır. Günümüzde taşıtlarda kullanılan fosil kökenli yakıtlara alternatif olabilecek temiz ve yerel yakıtlar, bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklı biyoyakıtlardır. Benzinli motorlarda en çok kullanılan alternatif yakıtlar ise alkol tabanlı yakıtlardır. Bu çalışmada, saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında metanol ilave edilmesi ile MB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıt ve yine saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında etanol ilave edilmesi ile EB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıtlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu yakıtlar, içten yanmalı benzinli bir motorda test edilmiş ve yakıtların motor performans ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisi benzin ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. MB25 ve EB25 karışım yakıtlarının benzinli motorda test edilmesi ile elde edilen sonuçlar saf benzin ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla, CO emisyonlarında %41.61; %16.97 azalma, HC emisyonlarında %14.60; %8.79 azalma meydana gelirken NOx emisyonlarında %35.43; % 4.53 artma, CO2 emisyonlarında %12.19; % 5.71 artma meydana gelmiştir. Motor performans değerleri olan motor gücünde %1.32 artma; %0.04 azalma, motor momentinde %2.10; %1.23 artma ve özgül yakıt tüketimlerinde de %5.20; %1.58 artma meydana gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Metanol, etanol, motor performansı, egzoz emisyonu

Kaynakça

• Anonim, 2021. Etanol ve Metanolün Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri, http://www.merck-chemicals.com (Erişim Tarihi: 09.01.2021).
• Arabacı E, Kılıç B, 2019. Biyodizel Yakıtları İçin Biyodizel Karakteristik İndeksinin Geliştirilmesi. Uluslararası Avrasya Multidisipliner Kongresi (IMCOFE), 24-26 Nisan 2019, Antalya.
• Badwal SPS, Giddey S, Kulkarni A, Goel J, Basu S, 2015. Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications–A comprehensive review. Applied Energy, 145: 80-103.
• Balki MK, Sayin C, Canakci M, 2014. The effect of different alcohol fuels on the performance emission and combustion characteristics of a gasoline engine. Fuel, 115: 901-906.
• Bayraktar H, Durgun O, 2003. Buji-Ateşlemeli Motorlar İçin Alternatif Yakıtların Teorik Değerlendirilmesi ve Pratik Kullanılabilirliği, 45:533.
• Behcet R, Yumrutaş R, Oktay H, 2014. Effects of fuels produced from fish and cooking oils on performance and emissions of a diesel engine. Energy, 71: 645-655.
• Celik MB, 2008. Experimental determination of suitable ethanol–gasoline blend rate at high compression ratio for gasoline engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 28(5-6): 396-404.
• Celik MB, Özdalyan B, Alkan F, 2011. The use of pure methanol as fuel at high compression ratio in a single cylinder gasoline engine. Fuel, 90(4): 1591-1598.
• Chen RH, Chiang LB, Chen CN, Lin TH, 2011. Cold-start emissions of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline blended fuel. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(8-9): 1463-1467.
• Clancy JS, Dunn PD, Chawawa B, 1988. Ethanol as fuel in small stationary spark ignition engines for use in developing countries. IMechE, 67(88): 191-194.
• Da Silva R, Cataluna R, de Menezes EW, Samios D, Piatnicki CMS, 2005. Effect of additives on the antiknock properties and Reid vapor pressure of gasoline. Fuel, 84(7-8): 951-959.
• Demirbas A, 2007. Progress and recent trends in biofuels. Progress in energy and combustion science, 33(1): 1-18.
• Doğan B, Erol D, Yaman H, Kodanli E, 2017. The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis. Applied Thermal Engineering, 120: 433-443.
• Eyidoğan M, Canakci M, Ozsezen A, Alptekin ERTAN, Turkcan ALİ, Kilicaslan I, 2011. Investigation of the effects of ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends on the combustion parameters and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine.
• Hsieh WD, Chen RH, Wu TL, Lin TH, 2002. Engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline blended fuels. Atmospheric Environment, 36(3): 403-410.
• Kowalewicz A, 1993. Methanol as a fuel for spark ignition engines: a review and analysis. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 207(1): 43-52.
• Kumabe K, Fujimoto S, Yanagida T, Ogata M, Fukuda T, Yabe A, Minowa T, 2008. Environmental and economic analysis of methanol production process via biomass gasification. Fuel, 87(7): 1422-1427.
• Masum BM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Fattah IR, Palash SM, Abedin MJ, 2013. Effect of ethanol–gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 24: 209-222.
• Mourad M, Mahmoud KR, 2018. Performance investigation of passenger vehicle fueled by propanol/gasoline blend according to a city driving cycle. Energy, 149: 741-749.
• Nabi MN, Rahman MM, Akhter MS, 2009. Biodiesel from cotton seed oil and its effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Applied thermal engineering, 29(11-12): 2265-2270.
• Özsezen AN, Canakci M, 2011. Performance and combustion characteristics of alcohol–gasoline blends at wide-open throttle. Energy, 36(5): 2747-2752.
• Palmer FH, 1986. Oksijen İçeren Benzinin Araç Performansı. In Uluslararası Konferans Petrol Yakıtları ve Otomotiv Uygulamaları Tabanlı. Imeche Konferans Yayınları No: C319 / 86, pp.33-46, İngiltere.
• Polat S, 2016. An experimental study on combustion, engine performance and exhaust emissions in a HCCI engine fuelled with diethyl ether–ethanol fuel blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 143: 140-150.
• Sileghem L, Ickes A, Wallner T, Verhelst S, 2015. Experimental investigation of a DISI production engine fuelled with methanol, ethanol, butanol, and iso-stoichiometric alcohol blends. Argonne National Lab.(ANL), Argonne, IL (United States).
• Surisetty VR, Dalai AK, Kozinski J, 2011. Alcohols as alternative fuels: An overview. Applied Catalysis A: General, 404(1-2): 1-11.
• Taymaz İ, Benli M, 2009. Metanolün Taşıtlarda Enerji Kaynağı Olarak Farklı Kullanım Yöntemlerinin İncelenmesi. Engineer & the Machinery Magazine, (596).
• Wu CW, Chen RH, Pu JY, Lin TH, 2004. The influence of air–fuel ratio on engine performance and pollutant emission of an SI engine using ethanol–gasoline-blended fuels. Atmospheric Environment, 38(40): 7093-7100.
• Zhao H, 2007. CCI and CAI Engines For The Automotive Industry. Woodhead Publishing Limited Cambridge England No: 128-8, pp. 21-35, New York-USA.