Effect of Alcohol Additive Fuels Used in a Gasoline Engine on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions

Öz

In parallel with the increase in the development level of the countries, the number of motor vehicles increases every day. Exhaust emissions from vehicles running on fossil fuels pollute the air and threaten the environment and human health. A clean and healthy life is directly related to the quality of breathing air. The most important elements of air pollution are fossil-based fuels. One of the ways to prevent air pollution is to use alternative fuels to fossil-based fuels that cause pollution. Clean and local fuels, which can be an alternative to fossil-based fuels used in vehicles today, are vegetable and animal-derived biofuels. The most commonly used alternative fuels in gasoline engines are alcohol-based fuels. In this study, by adding 25% methanol by volume into pure gasoline, mixed fuel named as MB25 and by adding 25% by volume ethanol into pure gasoline, mixed fuels named EB25 were formed. These fuels were tested in an internal combustion gasoline engine and the effects of fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions were compared with gasoline. The results obtained by the gasoline engine testing of MB25 and EB25 blended fuels compared to gasoline, respectively, 41.61%, 16.97% decrease in CO emissions, 14.60%, 8.79% decrease in HC emissions occurred, while 35.43%, 4.53% increase in NOx emissions and 12.19%, 5.71% increase in CO2 emissions occurred, respectively. Also, the motor performance values 1.32% increase and 0.04% decrease in engine power, 2.10%, 1.23% increase in motor torque and % 5.20, % 1.58 increase in specific fuel consumption occurred, recpectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Methanol
• ethanol
• engine performance
• exhaust emission

Benzinli Bir Motorda Kullanılan Alkol Katkılı Yakıtların Motor Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi

Öz

Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeyinin artmasına paralel olarak motorlu taşıt sayısında her gün artış meydana gelmektedir. Fosil yakıt ile çalışan taşıtlardan kaynaklanan egzoz emisyonları havayı kirletip çevre ve insan sağlığını tehdit etmektedir. Temiz ve sağlıklı bir yaşam solunan havanın kalitesi ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Hava kirliliğinin en önemli unsurları fosil kaynaklı yakıtlardır. Hava kirliliğini önlemenin yollarından biride kirliliğe sebep olan fosil kaynaklı yakıtlara alternatif yakıtlar kullanmaktır. Günümüzde taşıtlarda kullanılan fosil kökenli yakıtlara alternatif olabilecek temiz ve yerel yakıtlar, bitkisel ve hayvansal kaynaklı biyoyakıtlardır. Benzinli motorlarda en çok kullanılan alternatif yakıtlar ise alkol tabanlı yakıtlardır. Bu çalışmada, saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında metanol ilave edilmesi ile MB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıt ve yine saf benzin içerisine hacimsel olarak %25 oranında etanol ilave edilmesi ile EB25 olarak isimlendirilen karışım yakıtlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu yakıtlar, içten yanmalı benzinli bir motorda test edilmiş ve yakıtların motor performans ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkisi benzin ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. MB25 ve EB25 karışım yakıtlarının benzinli motorda test edilmesi ile elde edilen sonuçlar saf benzin ile kıyaslandığında sırasıyla, CO emisyonlarında %41.61; %16.97 azalma, HC emisyonlarında %14.60; %8.79 azalma meydana gelirken NOx emisyonlarında %35.43; % 4.53 artma, CO2 emisyonlarında %12.19; % 5.71 artma meydana gelmiştir. Motor performans değerleri olan motor gücünde %1.32 artma; %0.04 azalma, motor momentinde %2.10; %1.23 artma ve özgül yakıt tüketimlerinde de %5.20; %1.58 artma meydana gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Metanol
• etanol
• motor performansı
• egzoz emisyonu

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