Electric vehicles: mechanical powertrain systems, electric power systems and charging approaches

Öz

Due to the population surge on a global scale and increased mobility needs of people, transportation vehicles has became an even important requirement day by day, and the number of vehicles in traffic continues to increase rapidly. Thus, the use of vehicles with conventional internal combustion engines with gasoline and diesel fuel is not be sustainable due to both their contribution to environmental pollution and limited fuel reserves in nature. Therefore, many developed countries support the work on electric vehicle design and production, and also prepare regulations on tax subsidies and stricker regulations to expand the use of the electric vehicles. On the other hand, the researchers’ interest on the electrical vehicle design has been in increase, and the related literature shows continuous growth. In this paper, a comprehensive literature survey on the mechanical powertrain structures, electric motors, motor driver circuits, batteries, battery management systems and charging systems used in electrical vehicles are presented, and the recent developments on these systems and components technologies are also discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• electric vehicles
• electric motors
• motor driver circuits
• batteries
• charging systems

Elektrikli Araçlar: Mekanik Güç Aktarma Yapıları, Elektrik Güç Sistemleri ve Şarj Yaklaşımları

Öz

Küresel ölçekte nüfus artışı ve insanların artan hareketlilik ihtiyaçları sonucunda, gün geçtikçe ulaşım araçları daha önemli bir gereksinim haline gelmekte ve buna bağlı olarak trafiğe çıkan araç sayısı hızla artmaya devam etmektedir. Böylece, benzin ve dizel yakıtlı geleneksel içten yanmalı motorlara sahip araçların kullanımı, hem çevre kirliliğine sebep olmaları hem de doğadaki fosil yakıt rezervlerinin sınırlı olmasından dolayı sürdürülebilir olmaktan çıkmaktadır. Bu durum karşısında, birçok gelişmiş ülke, elektrikli araç tasarımı ve üretimi üzerine çalışmaları desteklemektedir. Ayrıca, bu ülkeler elektrikli araç kullanımının yaygınlaşması için vergisel avantajlar ve zorlayıcı önlemler üzerine mevzuat düzenlemeleri yapmaktadır. Diğer taraftan, araştırmacıların elektrikli araç tasarım çalışmalarına ilgisi artmakta ve konu üzerine literatür sürekli bir gelişim göstermektedir. Bu makalede, elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan, mekanik güç aktarma yapıları, elektrik motorları, motor sürücü devreleri, bataryalar, batarya yönetim sistemleri ve şarj sistemleri hakkında kapsamlı bir literatür taraması sunulmuş, ayrıca bu sistemler ve bileşenleri üzerine son teknolojik gelişmeler tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• elektrik araçlar
• elektrik motorları
• motor sürücü devreleri
• bataryalar
• batarya şarj sistemleri

Kaynakça

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