Research Article
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A Phenomenological Research on Examining Middle School Teachers' Digital Competency Self-Efficacy Perceptions

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 03.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1407289

Abstract

The primary purpose of the research is to examine middle school teachers' self-efficacy perceptions of digital competence. The participants of this study, which was conducted using the phenomenology pattern of the qualitative research approach, consisted of 17 middle school teachers who were determined using the criterion sampling method, one of the purposive sampling methods. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers and analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers mostly tried to define the concept of digital competence as having technology and software knowledge. It has been observed that teachers' self-efficacy perceptions of digital competence are generally at a moderate level. Middle school teachers mainly stated the factors contributing to self-efficacy as being able to do daily and professional life in a digital environment and using digital devices, software, and the internet. In contrast, they stated that the factors that lead to poor self-efficacy perceptions are the inability to use digital devices and software comprehensively and to prepare content.

Ethical Statement

Ethics and Consent: Ethics committee approval for this study was received from the Ethics Committee of Cukurova University (Date: 06/10/2023; Approval Number: 05/10/2023-E.814027).

References

  • Akar, C. (2008). Öz-Yeterlilik inancı ve ilkokuma yazmaya etkisi. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 185-198.
  • Akdemir B. (2022). Digital competence level of social studies teachers in the framework of 21st century skills: The case of Adana. Master thesis, Mersin University, Mersin.
  • Alptekin, Z. (2023). Examining classroom teachers’ lesson practices in terms of digital competence. Master thesis, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Niğde.
  • Arseven, A. (2016). Self-Efficacy: A Concept Analysis. Electronic Turkish Studies, 11(19), 63-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.10001.
  • Azar, A. (2012). in-service and pre-service secondary science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about science teaching. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 6(12), 235-252. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijmeb/issue/54588/744128.
  • Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students' academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of school psychology, 44(6), 473-490.
  • Çebi, A., & Reisoğlu, İ. (2020). Digital competence: A study from the perspective of pre-service teachers in Turkey. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research (NAER Journal), 9(2), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2020.7.583.
  • Christophersen, K. A., Elstad, E., Turmo, A., & Solhaug, T. (2016). Teacher education programmes and their contribution to student teacher efficacy in classroom management and pupil engagement. Scandinavian journal of educational research, 60(2), 240-254.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans.). Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
  • Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold & underused: Computers in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Deniz, L., & Algan, C. (2007). Validity and reliability studies of the information and communication technologies (ICT) self effıcacy scale in education. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 25(25), 87-107. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maruaebd/issue/353/1903.
  • Dikmen, G., Akyıl, E., & Akçay, A. O. (2021). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı öz yeterlik algılarının incelenmesi. International Journal of Leadership Training, 1(1), 16-25. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijolt/issue/61199/934135.
  • Ekmen, C., & Bakar, E. (2018). İlköğretimde öğretim programları ve ders kitaplarında dijital yetkinliğin yeri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(221), 5-35. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/43527/532696.
  • Erişen, Y., Gürültü, E. ve Bildik, C. (2018). Evaluation of digital competence by information technology teachers in Turkey in the context of 21st century skills and the Quality Framework of Ministry of Education. European Journal of Education Studies, 4(7), 294-315. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1254623.
  • European Commission (2006). Recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning. Brussels: European Commision. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:394:0010:0018:en:PDF.
  • Fanni, F., Rega, I., & Cantoni, L. (2013). Using self-efficacy to measure primary school teachers’ perception of ICT: Results from two studies. International journal of education and development using ICT, 9(1), 100-111.
  • Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Ferrari, A., Punie, Y., & Redecker, C. (2012, September). Understanding digital competence in the 21st century: An analysis of current frameworks. In European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (pp. 79-92). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • From, J. (2017). Pedagogical Digital Competence--Between Values, Knowledge and Skills. Higher Education Studies, 7(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n2p43.
  • Fulton, C. & McGuinness, C. (2016). Digital detectives: Solving information dilemmas in an online world. Chandos Publishing, Kidlington: Cambridge, MA.
  • Gallardo-Echenique, E. E., de Oliveira, J. M., Marqués-Molias, L., Esteve-Mon, F., Wang, Y., & Baker, R. (2015). Digital competence in the knowledge society. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Geçgel, H., Kana, F. ve Eren, D. (2020). Investigation of the Concept of Digital Competence in Terms of Different Variables in Turkish Education. Journal of Mother Tongue Education, 8(3), 886–904. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.742352.
  • Gökbulut, B. (2021). Examination of teachers’ digital literacy levels and lifelong learning tendencies. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(3), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.896998.
  • Guo, Y., Connor, C. M., Yang, Y., Roehrig, A. D., & Morrison, F. J. (2012). The effects of teacher qualification, teacher self-efficacy, and classroom practices on fifth graders' literacy outcomes. The Elementary School Journal, 113(1), 3-24.
  • Gürbüztürk, O., Demir, O., Karadağ, M., & Demir, M. (2015). Examinations of computer and internet use self-efficacy perceptions in terms of some variables. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(11), 787-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8465.
  • Hazar, E. (2018). Digital competence in primary education: The case of Turkish language, mathematics and personal and social development courses. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(2),443-458.
  • Hatlevik, O. E. (2017). Examining the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy, their digital competence, strategies to evaluate information, and use of ICT at school. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 61(5), 555-567.
  • Hatlevik, I. K., & Hatlevik, O. E. (2018). Examining the relationship between teachers’ ICT self-efficacy for educational purposes, collegial collaboration, lack of facilitation and the use of ICT in teaching practice. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 935.
  • Iansiti, M. & Richards, G. (2020). “Coronavirus is widening the corporate digital divide”, Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/coronavirus-is-widening-the-corporatedigital-divide?autocomplete5true.
  • Ilomäki, L., Kantosalo, A., & Lakkala, M. (2011). What is digital competence? In Linked portal (pp. 1-12). European Schoolnet (EUN). https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/files/48681684/Ilom_ki_etal_2011_What_is_digital_competence.pdf.
  • Ilomäki, L., Paavola, S., Lakkala, M., & Kantosalo, A. (2016). Digital competence–an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Education and Information Technologies, 21(3), 655-679.
  • Kartal, O. Y., Temelli, D., & Şahin, Ç. (2018). an investigation into the information technology self-efficacy level of secondary school maths teachers’ according to gender variable. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11(4), 922-943. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.410279.
  • Kurt, A. A., Telli, E., Bardakcı, S., Sarsar, F., Göksün, D. O., & Filiz, O. (2022). Dijital okuryazarlık ve yenilikçilik bağlamında öğretmenlerin web 2.0 hızlı içerik geliştirme öz yeterlik inançları. Anadolu Journal Of Educational Sciences International, 12(2), 608-629.
  • Krumsvik, R. J. (2008). Situated learning and teachers’ digital competence. Education and Information Technologies, 13(4), 279-290. Larraz, V., & Esteve, F. (2015). Evaluating Digital Competence in Simulation Environments. E. G. Bullen içinde, Teaching and Learning in Digital Worlds, Strategies and Issues in Higher Education (s. 99-105). Tarragone: URV
  • Lei, J. (2009). Digital natives as preservice teachers: What technology preparation is needed? Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 25(3), 87–97.
  • Mannila, L., Nordén, L. Å., & Pears, A. (2018, August). Digital competence, teacher self-efficacy and training needs. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (pp. 78-85).
  • Martzoukou, K., Fulton, C., Kostagiolas, P., & Lavranos, C. (2020). A study of higher education students' self-perceived digital competences for learning and everyday life online participation. Journal of Documentation, 76(6), 1413-1458.
  • Maderick, J. A., Zhang, S., Hartley, K., & Marchand, G. (2016). Preservice Teachers and Self- Assessing Digital Competence. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 54(3), 326–351.
  • Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ministry of National Education [MoNE] (2018). İlköğretim ve ortaöğretim öğretim programlarının güncellenmesi basın açıklaması. https://ttkb.meb.gov.tr.
  • Ogodo, J. A., Simon, M., Morris, D., & Akubo, M. (2021). Examining K-12 Teachers' Digital Competency and Technology Self-Efficacy During COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice, 21(11).
  • Önür, Z. ve Kozikoğlu, İ. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin 21. yüzyıl öğrenme becerileri. Trakya EğitimDergisi, 9(3), 627-648.
  • Öztutucu (2022). Information technology self-efficacy beliefs of teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Master thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir.
  • Ross, J. A., Hogaboam-Gray, A., & Hannay, L. (2001). Effects of teacher efficacy on computer skills and computer cognitions of Canadian students in grades K-3. The Elementary School Journal, 102(2), 141-156.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim-Kuramdan uygulamaya. Ankara: Gönül Seçkin Publishing.
  • So, H. J., Choi, H., Lim, W. Y., & Xiong, Y. (2012). Little experience with ICT: Are they really the Net Generation student-teachers?. Computers & Education, 59(4), 1234-1245.
  • Şimşek, A. (2015). Research models. A. Şimşek (Eds.), in Research methods in social sciences (4nd ed.; s. 80-106). Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publishing.
  • Teo, T. (2014). Unpacking teachers' acceptance of technology: Tests of measurement invariance and latent mean differences. Computers & Education, 75, 127-135.
  • Thoonen, E. E., Sleegers, P. J., Peetsma, T. T., & Oort, F. J. (2011). Can teachers motivate students to learn?. Educational studies, 37(3), 345-360.
  • Turel, V. (2014). Teachers’ computer self-efficacy and their use of educational technology. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 15(4), 130-149.
  • Vieru, D. (2015). Towards a multi-dimensional model of digital competence in small-and medium-sized enterprises. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition (pp. 6715-6725). IGI Global.
  • Vocational Qualifications Authority [VOA] (2016). Türkiye Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi. https://myk.gov.tr/images/articles/editor/130116/TYC_teblig_2.pdf.
  • Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez, S., & Van Den Brande, G. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: the Conceptual Reference Model. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union. http://dx.doi.org/10.2791/11517.
  • Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S. & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. EUR 31006 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://dx.doi.org/10.2760/115376.
  • Yener, İ. (2022). Determination of Industry 4.0 knowledge levels and digital competency levels of geography teachers. Master thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale.
  • Yenilmez, K., & Kakmacı, Ö. (2008). the level of self-efficacy beliefs at students at elementary mathematics education department. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 1-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ogusbd/issue/10994/131562.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek H. (2016). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences (10th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational research, 86(4), 981-1015.
Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 03.01.2025
https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1407289

Abstract

References

  • Akar, C. (2008). Öz-Yeterlilik inancı ve ilkokuma yazmaya etkisi. Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 185-198.
  • Akdemir B. (2022). Digital competence level of social studies teachers in the framework of 21st century skills: The case of Adana. Master thesis, Mersin University, Mersin.
  • Alptekin, Z. (2023). Examining classroom teachers’ lesson practices in terms of digital competence. Master thesis, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Niğde.
  • Arseven, A. (2016). Self-Efficacy: A Concept Analysis. Electronic Turkish Studies, 11(19), 63-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.10001.
  • Azar, A. (2012). in-service and pre-service secondary science teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about science teaching. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 6(12), 235-252. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijmeb/issue/54588/744128.
  • Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Steca, P., & Malone, P. S. (2006). Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students' academic achievement: A study at the school level. Journal of school psychology, 44(6), 473-490.
  • Çebi, A., & Reisoğlu, İ. (2020). Digital competence: A study from the perspective of pre-service teachers in Turkey. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research (NAER Journal), 9(2), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2020.7.583.
  • Christophersen, K. A., Elstad, E., Turmo, A., & Solhaug, T. (2016). Teacher education programmes and their contribution to student teacher efficacy in classroom management and pupil engagement. Scandinavian journal of educational research, 60(2), 240-254.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2020). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni. (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Trans.). Ankara: Siyasal Publishing.
  • Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold & underused: Computers in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Deniz, L., & Algan, C. (2007). Validity and reliability studies of the information and communication technologies (ICT) self effıcacy scale in education. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 25(25), 87-107. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/maruaebd/issue/353/1903.
  • Dikmen, G., Akyıl, E., & Akçay, A. O. (2021). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bilgisayar ve internet kullanımı öz yeterlik algılarının incelenmesi. International Journal of Leadership Training, 1(1), 16-25. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijolt/issue/61199/934135.
  • Ekmen, C., & Bakar, E. (2018). İlköğretimde öğretim programları ve ders kitaplarında dijital yetkinliğin yeri. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(221), 5-35. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/milliegitim/issue/43527/532696.
  • Erişen, Y., Gürültü, E. ve Bildik, C. (2018). Evaluation of digital competence by information technology teachers in Turkey in the context of 21st century skills and the Quality Framework of Ministry of Education. European Journal of Education Studies, 4(7), 294-315. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1254623.
  • European Commission (2006). Recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning. Brussels: European Commision. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:394:0010:0018:en:PDF.
  • Fanni, F., Rega, I., & Cantoni, L. (2013). Using self-efficacy to measure primary school teachers’ perception of ICT: Results from two studies. International journal of education and development using ICT, 9(1), 100-111.
  • Ferrari, A. (2013). DIGCOMP: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
  • Ferrari, A., Punie, Y., & Redecker, C. (2012, September). Understanding digital competence in the 21st century: An analysis of current frameworks. In European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (pp. 79-92). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • From, J. (2017). Pedagogical Digital Competence--Between Values, Knowledge and Skills. Higher Education Studies, 7(2), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n2p43.
  • Fulton, C. & McGuinness, C. (2016). Digital detectives: Solving information dilemmas in an online world. Chandos Publishing, Kidlington: Cambridge, MA.
  • Gallardo-Echenique, E. E., de Oliveira, J. M., Marqués-Molias, L., Esteve-Mon, F., Wang, Y., & Baker, R. (2015). Digital competence in the knowledge society. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 11(1), 1-16.
  • Geçgel, H., Kana, F. ve Eren, D. (2020). Investigation of the Concept of Digital Competence in Terms of Different Variables in Turkish Education. Journal of Mother Tongue Education, 8(3), 886–904. https://doi.org/10.16916/aded.742352.
  • Gökbulut, B. (2021). Examination of teachers’ digital literacy levels and lifelong learning tendencies. Journal of Higher Education and Science, 11(3), 469-479. https://doi.org/10.5961/higheredusci.896998.
  • Guo, Y., Connor, C. M., Yang, Y., Roehrig, A. D., & Morrison, F. J. (2012). The effects of teacher qualification, teacher self-efficacy, and classroom practices on fifth graders' literacy outcomes. The Elementary School Journal, 113(1), 3-24.
  • Gürbüztürk, O., Demir, O., Karadağ, M., & Demir, M. (2015). Examinations of computer and internet use self-efficacy perceptions in terms of some variables. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(11), 787-810. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.8465.
  • Hazar, E. (2018). Digital competence in primary education: The case of Turkish language, mathematics and personal and social development courses. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(2),443-458.
  • Hatlevik, O. E. (2017). Examining the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy, their digital competence, strategies to evaluate information, and use of ICT at school. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 61(5), 555-567.
  • Hatlevik, I. K., & Hatlevik, O. E. (2018). Examining the relationship between teachers’ ICT self-efficacy for educational purposes, collegial collaboration, lack of facilitation and the use of ICT in teaching practice. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 935.
  • Iansiti, M. & Richards, G. (2020). “Coronavirus is widening the corporate digital divide”, Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2020/03/coronavirus-is-widening-the-corporatedigital-divide?autocomplete5true.
  • Ilomäki, L., Kantosalo, A., & Lakkala, M. (2011). What is digital competence? In Linked portal (pp. 1-12). European Schoolnet (EUN). https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/files/48681684/Ilom_ki_etal_2011_What_is_digital_competence.pdf.
  • Ilomäki, L., Paavola, S., Lakkala, M., & Kantosalo, A. (2016). Digital competence–an emergent boundary concept for policy and educational research. Education and Information Technologies, 21(3), 655-679.
  • Kartal, O. Y., Temelli, D., & Şahin, Ç. (2018). an investigation into the information technology self-efficacy level of secondary school maths teachers’ according to gender variable. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11(4), 922-943. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.410279.
  • Kurt, A. A., Telli, E., Bardakcı, S., Sarsar, F., Göksün, D. O., & Filiz, O. (2022). Dijital okuryazarlık ve yenilikçilik bağlamında öğretmenlerin web 2.0 hızlı içerik geliştirme öz yeterlik inançları. Anadolu Journal Of Educational Sciences International, 12(2), 608-629.
  • Krumsvik, R. J. (2008). Situated learning and teachers’ digital competence. Education and Information Technologies, 13(4), 279-290. Larraz, V., & Esteve, F. (2015). Evaluating Digital Competence in Simulation Environments. E. G. Bullen içinde, Teaching and Learning in Digital Worlds, Strategies and Issues in Higher Education (s. 99-105). Tarragone: URV
  • Lei, J. (2009). Digital natives as preservice teachers: What technology preparation is needed? Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 25(3), 87–97.
  • Mannila, L., Nordén, L. Å., & Pears, A. (2018, August). Digital competence, teacher self-efficacy and training needs. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (pp. 78-85).
  • Martzoukou, K., Fulton, C., Kostagiolas, P., & Lavranos, C. (2020). A study of higher education students' self-perceived digital competences for learning and everyday life online participation. Journal of Documentation, 76(6), 1413-1458.
  • Maderick, J. A., Zhang, S., Hartley, K., & Marchand, G. (2016). Preservice Teachers and Self- Assessing Digital Competence. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 54(3), 326–351.
  • Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded Sourcebook. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ministry of National Education [MoNE] (2018). İlköğretim ve ortaöğretim öğretim programlarının güncellenmesi basın açıklaması. https://ttkb.meb.gov.tr.
  • Ogodo, J. A., Simon, M., Morris, D., & Akubo, M. (2021). Examining K-12 Teachers' Digital Competency and Technology Self-Efficacy During COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice, 21(11).
  • Önür, Z. ve Kozikoğlu, İ. (2019). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin 21. yüzyıl öğrenme becerileri. Trakya EğitimDergisi, 9(3), 627-648.
  • Öztutucu (2022). Information technology self-efficacy beliefs of teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Master thesis, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir.
  • Ross, J. A., Hogaboam-Gray, A., & Hannay, L. (2001). Effects of teacher efficacy on computer skills and computer cognitions of Canadian students in grades K-3. The Elementary School Journal, 102(2), 141-156.
  • Senemoğlu, N. (2007). Gelişim, öğrenme ve öğretim-Kuramdan uygulamaya. Ankara: Gönül Seçkin Publishing.
  • So, H. J., Choi, H., Lim, W. Y., & Xiong, Y. (2012). Little experience with ICT: Are they really the Net Generation student-teachers?. Computers & Education, 59(4), 1234-1245.
  • Şimşek, A. (2015). Research models. A. Şimşek (Eds.), in Research methods in social sciences (4nd ed.; s. 80-106). Eskişehir: Anadolu University Publishing.
  • Teo, T. (2014). Unpacking teachers' acceptance of technology: Tests of measurement invariance and latent mean differences. Computers & Education, 75, 127-135.
  • Thoonen, E. E., Sleegers, P. J., Peetsma, T. T., & Oort, F. J. (2011). Can teachers motivate students to learn?. Educational studies, 37(3), 345-360.
  • Turel, V. (2014). Teachers’ computer self-efficacy and their use of educational technology. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 15(4), 130-149.
  • Vieru, D. (2015). Towards a multi-dimensional model of digital competence in small-and medium-sized enterprises. In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition (pp. 6715-6725). IGI Global.
  • Vocational Qualifications Authority [VOA] (2016). Türkiye Yeterlilikler Çerçevesi. https://myk.gov.tr/images/articles/editor/130116/TYC_teblig_2.pdf.
  • Vuorikari, R., Punie, Y., Carretero Gomez, S., & Van Den Brande, G. (2016). DigComp 2.0: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. Update Phase 1: the Conceptual Reference Model. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union. http://dx.doi.org/10.2791/11517.
  • Vuorikari, R., Kluzer, S. & Punie, Y. (2022). DigComp 2.2: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens - With new examples of knowledge, skills and attitudes. EUR 31006 EN, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. https://dx.doi.org/10.2760/115376.
  • Yener, İ. (2022). Determination of Industry 4.0 knowledge levels and digital competency levels of geography teachers. Master thesis, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale.
  • Yenilmez, K., & Kakmacı, Ö. (2008). the level of self-efficacy beliefs at students at elementary mathematics education department. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 1-21. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ogusbd/issue/10994/131562.
  • Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek H. (2016). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences (10th ed.). Ankara: Seçkin Publishing.
  • Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational research, 86(4), 981-1015.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Information Systems Education, Information Systems (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Emre Canoğulları 0000-0001-7883-6711

Mediha Sarı 0000-0002-1663-648X

Publication Date January 3, 2025
Submission Date December 20, 2023
Acceptance Date June 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Canoğulları, E., & Sarı, M. (2025). A Phenomenological Research on Examining Middle School Teachers’ Digital Competency Self-Efficacy Perceptions. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1407289

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 2023. © 2023. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. 19195

Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age. All rights reserved, 2023. ISSN:2458-8350