Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Sakarya Kitabevi.
Anandan, T. M. (2019). Human-Robot Interaction: A Team Sport. Accessed at. https://www.automate.org/industry-insights/human-robot-interaction-a-team-sport, (21.07.2021).
Arai, T., Kato, R., & Fujita, M. (2010). Assessment of operator stress induced by robot collaboration in assembly. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 59, 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.043
Atsız, O. (2021). Virtual reality technology and physical distancing: A review on limiting human interaction in tourism. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 6 (1), 27-35. DOI: 10.31822/jomat.834448
Attaran, M. (2007). Robotics Applications in Manufacturing. Journal of Information Systems Management, 7 (1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399019008968323
Baykal, F. (2015). Uluslararası Turizm Ulaştırmasının Akış Yönü ve Dağılış Dokusu. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 24 (2), 57-68.
Bazazo, I., Elyas, T., Awawdeh, L., Faroun, M., & Qawasmeh, S. (2017). The impact of Islamic attributes of destination loyalty via the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(4), 65–78.
Beusher, L. M., Fan, J., Sarkar, N., Dietrich, M. S., Newhouse, P. A., Miller, K. F., Mion, L. C. (2017). Socially assistive robots: measuring older adults' perceptions. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(12), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20170707-04
Buhalis, D., Harwood, T., Bogicevic, V., Viglia, G., Beldona, S., & Hofacker, C. (2019). Technological disruptions in services: Lessons from tourism and hospitality. Journal of Service Management, 30(4), 484–506. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-12-2018-0398
Čaić, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Mahr, D. (2018). Service robots: value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks. Journal of Service Management, 29 (2),178-205. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-07-2017-0179
Chan, A. P. H., & Tung, V. W. S. (2019). Examining the effects of robotic service on brand experience: the moderating role of hotel segment. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36 (4), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1568953
Chin, Y. H., Lee, H. P., Su, C. W., Li, J. H., Lin, C. H., & Wang, J. F. (2014). A Framework Design for Human-Robot Interaction. In: Huang Y M., Chao H C., Deng D J., Park J. (eds) Advanced Technologies, Embedded and Multimedia for Human-centric Computing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 260. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7262-5_118
Collins, G. R., Cobanoglu, C., Bilgihan, A., & Berezina, K. (2017). Hospitality information technology: Learning how to use it (8th ed.). Automation and Robotics in the Hospitality Industry, Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Doğan, S., & Vatan, A. (2019). Hotel managers’ thoughts towards new technologies and service robots at hotels: A qualitative study in Turkey. In C. Cobanoglu, M. Cavusoglu, K. Corbacı (eds), Advances in Global Business and Economics 2, 382-300. Anahei Publishing.
Driessen, C., & Heutinck, L. F. M. (2015). Cows desiring to be milked? Milking robots and the co-evolution of ethics and technology on Dutch dairy farms. Agriculture and Human Values, 32(1), 3-20.
Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Ölçeklerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30 (3), 211-216.
Gagliordi, N. (2016). This Watson-Powered Robot Concierge is Rethinking the Hotel Industry. Accessed at. https://www.zdnet.com/article/this-watson-powered-robot-concierge-is-rethinking-the-hotel-industry/, (28.07.2021).
Glende, S., Conrad, I., Krezdorn, L., Klemcke, S., & Krätzel, C. (2015). Increasing the acceptance of assistive robots for older people through marketing strategies based on stakeholder needs. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(3), 1-15.
Goetz, J., Kiesler, S., & Powers, A. (2003). Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation. The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, , Oct. 31 - Nov. 2, 2003. California. USA, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2003.1251796
Haidegger, T., Barreto, M., Gonçalves, P., Habib, M. K., Ragavan, S. K. V., Li, H., Vaccarellah, A., Perroneh, R., & Prestesi, E. (2013). Applied ontologies and standards for service robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 61 (11), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2013.05.008.
Henn na Hotel. (2021). Henn na Hotel General Concept. Accessed at. https://www.h-n-h.jp/en/concept, (01.07.2021).
Ho, T. H., Tojib, D., & Tsarenko, Y. (2020). Human staff vs. service robot vs. fellow customer: Does it matter who helps your customer following a service failure incident?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102501
IFR. (2016). Service Robots. http://www.ifr.org/service-robots/
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). The robot as a consumer: a research agenda. Paper presented at the “Marketing: experience and perspectives” Conference, 29-30 June 2017, University of Economics-Varna, Bulgaria.
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2019a). Perceived appropriateness and intention to use service robots in tourism. In Pesonen, J. & Neidhardt, J. (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019, Proceedings of the International Conference in Nicosia, Cyprus, 30.01-01.02.2019, 237-248.
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2019b). Economic Fundamentals of the Use of Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Service Automation in Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality. Ivanov, S. and Webster, C. (Ed.) Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Service Automation in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-687-320191002
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2020). Robots in tourism: a research agenda for tourism economics. Tourism Economics (forthcoming). https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619879583
Ivanov, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Markova, M. (2020). Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: A mixed-methods approach. Information Technology & Tourism, 22 (4), 505-535.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Berezina, K. (2017). Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 27/28, 1501-1521.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Garenko, A. (2018a). Young Russian adults’ attitudes towards the potential use of robots in hotels. Technology in Society, 55, 24–32.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Seyyedi, P. (2018b). Consumers' attitudes towards the introduction of robots in accommodation establishments. Tourism, 66 (3), 302-317.
Jarvis, H. (2016). Robot-Run Hotel gets Guinness approval. Accessed at. https://standbynordic.com/robot-run-hotel-gets-guinness-approval/ (02.06.2021)
Kayıkçı, M. Y., & Bozkurt, A. K. (2018). Dijital çağda z ve alpha kuşağı, yapay zeka uygulamaları ve turizme yansımaları. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 01, 54-64.
Kazandjieva, V. I., & Filipova, H. P. (2018). Customer’s perception assessment of tech-related innovations in tourism. Izvestiya Journal of Varna University of Economics, 62 (1), 5-20.
Kervenoael, R., Hasan, R., Schwob, A., & Goh, E. (2020). Leveraging human-robot interaction in hospitality services: Incorporating the role of perceived value, empathy, and information sharing into visitors’ intentions to use social robots. Tourism Management, 78, 1040-1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104042
Kozak, N., Kozak, M. A., & Kozak, M. (2008). Genel Turizm İlkeler-Kavramlar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Kuo, C. M., Chen, L. C., & Tseng, C. Y. (2017). Investigating an innovative service with hospitality robots. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29 (5), 1305-1321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2015-0414
Lu, L., Cai, R., & Gursoy, D. (2019). Service robots: Value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 80, 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.005
Mara, M., & Appel, M. (2015). Science fiction reduces the eeriness of android robots: A field experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.007
Murphy, J., Hofacker, C., & Gretzel, U. (2017). Dawning of the Age of Robots in Hospitality and Tourism: Challenges for Teaching and Research. European Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 104-111.
Osawa, H., Ema, A., Hattori, H., Akiya, N., Kanzaki, N., Kubo, A., Koyama, T., & Ichise, R. (2017). What is real risk and benefit on work with robots?: From the analysis of a robot hotel. Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 241–242. 6–9 March, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.1145/3029798.3038312
Pagallo, U. (2013). Robots in the cloud with privacy: A new threat todata protection?. Computer Law & Security Review, 29 (5), 501-508.
Papathanassis, A. (2017). R-Tourism: Introducing the Potential Impact of Robotics and Service Automation in Tourism. “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, XVII (1), 211-216.
Pierce, A. (2015). A Hotel Staffed by Robots. Accessed at. http://www.technologytoday.us/columnPDF/A_Hotel_Staffed_by_Robots.pdf (11.06.2021).
Pinillos, R., Marcos, S., Feliz, R., Zalama, E., & Gómez-García-Bermejo, J. (2016). Long-term assessment of a service robot in a hotel environment. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 79, 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.01.014
Rodriguez-Lizundia, E., Marcos, S., Zalama, Z., Gómez-García-Bermejo, J., & Gordaliza, A. (2015). A bellboy robot: Study of the effects of robot behaviour on userengagement and comfort. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 82, 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2015.06.001
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Perceptions about the applicability of robot technology in the tourism industry
In the research, it is aimed to determine the applicability of robot technology and the importance of technological innovations in the tourism industry. The populatin of the research consists of academicians, managers and students in the tourism industry. In the research, the "convenience sampling" method was used, in which everyone who participated in the research could be included in the sample. The research data was collected from tourism students, academicians and managers who participated in the Mersin University Faculty of Tourism Career Days and the IVth International Eastern Mediterranean Tourism Symposium held in 2019. The Cronbach Alpha test was applied for the reliability of the scale, along with the frequency distributions, percentiles, mean values, standard deviations and correlation coefficients from the descriptive statistics of the obtained data. In the research findings, it is accepted that airports, housekeeping activities, tour operator and travel agency services and hotel receptions are the most applicable areas of robot technology in the tourism industry.
Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2005). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. İstanbul: Sakarya Kitabevi.
Anandan, T. M. (2019). Human-Robot Interaction: A Team Sport. Accessed at. https://www.automate.org/industry-insights/human-robot-interaction-a-team-sport, (21.07.2021).
Arai, T., Kato, R., & Fujita, M. (2010). Assessment of operator stress induced by robot collaboration in assembly. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 59, 5-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2010.03.043
Atsız, O. (2021). Virtual reality technology and physical distancing: A review on limiting human interaction in tourism. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 6 (1), 27-35. DOI: 10.31822/jomat.834448
Attaran, M. (2007). Robotics Applications in Manufacturing. Journal of Information Systems Management, 7 (1), 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399019008968323
Baykal, F. (2015). Uluslararası Turizm Ulaştırmasının Akış Yönü ve Dağılış Dokusu. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 24 (2), 57-68.
Bazazo, I., Elyas, T., Awawdeh, L., Faroun, M., & Qawasmeh, S. (2017). The impact of Islamic attributes of destination loyalty via the mediating effect of tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(4), 65–78.
Beusher, L. M., Fan, J., Sarkar, N., Dietrich, M. S., Newhouse, P. A., Miller, K. F., Mion, L. C. (2017). Socially assistive robots: measuring older adults' perceptions. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(12), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20170707-04
Buhalis, D., Harwood, T., Bogicevic, V., Viglia, G., Beldona, S., & Hofacker, C. (2019). Technological disruptions in services: Lessons from tourism and hospitality. Journal of Service Management, 30(4), 484–506. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-12-2018-0398
Čaić, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Mahr, D. (2018). Service robots: value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks. Journal of Service Management, 29 (2),178-205. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-07-2017-0179
Chan, A. P. H., & Tung, V. W. S. (2019). Examining the effects of robotic service on brand experience: the moderating role of hotel segment. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 36 (4), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1568953
Chin, Y. H., Lee, H. P., Su, C. W., Li, J. H., Lin, C. H., & Wang, J. F. (2014). A Framework Design for Human-Robot Interaction. In: Huang Y M., Chao H C., Deng D J., Park J. (eds) Advanced Technologies, Embedded and Multimedia for Human-centric Computing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 260. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7262-5_118
Collins, G. R., Cobanoglu, C., Bilgihan, A., & Berezina, K. (2017). Hospitality information technology: Learning how to use it (8th ed.). Automation and Robotics in the Hospitality Industry, Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co.
Doğan, S., & Vatan, A. (2019). Hotel managers’ thoughts towards new technologies and service robots at hotels: A qualitative study in Turkey. In C. Cobanoglu, M. Cavusoglu, K. Corbacı (eds), Advances in Global Business and Economics 2, 382-300. Anahei Publishing.
Driessen, C., & Heutinck, L. F. M. (2015). Cows desiring to be milked? Milking robots and the co-evolution of ethics and technology on Dutch dairy farms. Agriculture and Human Values, 32(1), 3-20.
Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Ölçeklerde güvenirlik ve geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30 (3), 211-216.
Gagliordi, N. (2016). This Watson-Powered Robot Concierge is Rethinking the Hotel Industry. Accessed at. https://www.zdnet.com/article/this-watson-powered-robot-concierge-is-rethinking-the-hotel-industry/, (28.07.2021).
Glende, S., Conrad, I., Krezdorn, L., Klemcke, S., & Krätzel, C. (2015). Increasing the acceptance of assistive robots for older people through marketing strategies based on stakeholder needs. International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(3), 1-15.
Goetz, J., Kiesler, S., & Powers, A. (2003). Matching robot appearance and behavior to tasks to improve human-robot cooperation. The 12th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication, , Oct. 31 - Nov. 2, 2003. California. USA, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1109/ROMAN.2003.1251796
Haidegger, T., Barreto, M., Gonçalves, P., Habib, M. K., Ragavan, S. K. V., Li, H., Vaccarellah, A., Perroneh, R., & Prestesi, E. (2013). Applied ontologies and standards for service robots. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 61 (11), 1215–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2013.05.008.
Henn na Hotel. (2021). Henn na Hotel General Concept. Accessed at. https://www.h-n-h.jp/en/concept, (01.07.2021).
Ho, T. H., Tojib, D., & Tsarenko, Y. (2020). Human staff vs. service robot vs. fellow customer: Does it matter who helps your customer following a service failure incident?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102501
IFR. (2016). Service Robots. http://www.ifr.org/service-robots/
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2017). The robot as a consumer: a research agenda. Paper presented at the “Marketing: experience and perspectives” Conference, 29-30 June 2017, University of Economics-Varna, Bulgaria.
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2019a). Perceived appropriateness and intention to use service robots in tourism. In Pesonen, J. & Neidhardt, J. (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2019, Proceedings of the International Conference in Nicosia, Cyprus, 30.01-01.02.2019, 237-248.
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2019b). Economic Fundamentals of the Use of Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Service Automation in Travel, Tourism, and Hospitality. Ivanov, S. and Webster, C. (Ed.) Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Service Automation in Travel, Tourism and Hospitality, Emerald Publishing Limited, Bingley, 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-687-320191002
Ivanov, S., & Webster, C. (2020). Robots in tourism: a research agenda for tourism economics. Tourism Economics (forthcoming). https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619879583
Ivanov, S., Seyitoğlu, F., & Markova, M. (2020). Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: A mixed-methods approach. Information Technology & Tourism, 22 (4), 505-535.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Berezina, K. (2017). Adoption of robots and service automation by tourism and hospitality companies. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 27/28, 1501-1521.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Garenko, A. (2018a). Young Russian adults’ attitudes towards the potential use of robots in hotels. Technology in Society, 55, 24–32.
Ivanov, S., Webster, C., & Seyyedi, P. (2018b). Consumers' attitudes towards the introduction of robots in accommodation establishments. Tourism, 66 (3), 302-317.
Jarvis, H. (2016). Robot-Run Hotel gets Guinness approval. Accessed at. https://standbynordic.com/robot-run-hotel-gets-guinness-approval/ (02.06.2021)
Kayıkçı, M. Y., & Bozkurt, A. K. (2018). Dijital çağda z ve alpha kuşağı, yapay zeka uygulamaları ve turizme yansımaları. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 01, 54-64.
Kazandjieva, V. I., & Filipova, H. P. (2018). Customer’s perception assessment of tech-related innovations in tourism. Izvestiya Journal of Varna University of Economics, 62 (1), 5-20.
Kervenoael, R., Hasan, R., Schwob, A., & Goh, E. (2020). Leveraging human-robot interaction in hospitality services: Incorporating the role of perceived value, empathy, and information sharing into visitors’ intentions to use social robots. Tourism Management, 78, 1040-1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104042
Kozak, N., Kozak, M. A., & Kozak, M. (2008). Genel Turizm İlkeler-Kavramlar. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Kuo, C. M., Chen, L. C., & Tseng, C. Y. (2017). Investigating an innovative service with hospitality robots. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29 (5), 1305-1321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2015-0414
Lu, L., Cai, R., & Gursoy, D. (2019). Service robots: Value co-creation and co-destruction in elderly care networks. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 80, 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.01.005
Mara, M., & Appel, M. (2015). Science fiction reduces the eeriness of android robots: A field experiment. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.007
Murphy, J., Hofacker, C., & Gretzel, U. (2017). Dawning of the Age of Robots in Hospitality and Tourism: Challenges for Teaching and Research. European Journal of Tourism Research, 11, 104-111.
Osawa, H., Ema, A., Hattori, H., Akiya, N., Kanzaki, N., Kubo, A., Koyama, T., & Ichise, R. (2017). What is real risk and benefit on work with robots?: From the analysis of a robot hotel. Proceedings of the Companion of the 2017 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 241–242. 6–9 March, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.1145/3029798.3038312
Pagallo, U. (2013). Robots in the cloud with privacy: A new threat todata protection?. Computer Law & Security Review, 29 (5), 501-508.
Papathanassis, A. (2017). R-Tourism: Introducing the Potential Impact of Robotics and Service Automation in Tourism. “Ovidius” University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, XVII (1), 211-216.
Pierce, A. (2015). A Hotel Staffed by Robots. Accessed at. http://www.technologytoday.us/columnPDF/A_Hotel_Staffed_by_Robots.pdf (11.06.2021).
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