Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application

Muhammet Sait Toprak; Ece Guler; Hümeyra Betül Yekeler; Gülsüm Ercan; Deniz Baybağ; Aleyna Çavdar; Nedim Can Çevik; Muhammet Emin Çam

doi:10.47582/jompac.1865602

Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to develop and characterize postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers (PBNF) as a fast-disintegrating under-eye delivery system and to investigate their in vitro performance, including physicochemical properties, release kinetics, biocompatibility, and their potential to modulate skin-related cellular and molecular responses. Methods: PBNFs containing 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% postbiotics were fabricated using pressurized gyration (PG) technology. Pure nanofibers (PNF) served as controls. The nanofibers were characterized for morphology (SEM), chemical structure (FTIR), encapsulation efficiency, dissolution behavior, release kinetics, and disintegration properties. In vitro biological performance was assessed using L929 fibroblast and HaCaT keratinocyte cells through WST-1 viability assays and morphological analysis. Additionally, gene expression analysis was performed by qPCR to evaluate the molecular effects of the formulations on extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammatory markers. Results: SEM analysis revealed uniform, bead-free nanofibers with comparable diameters across all formulations, indicating that postbiotic loading did not alter fiber morphology. FTIR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of postbiotics into the PVP matrix. Among the formulations, 0.5% PBNF exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency and was selected for further evaluation. Dissolution studies demonstrated a rapid initial release followed by diffusion-controlled kinetics best described by the Higuchi model. Disintegration tests showed ultrafast wetting and dissolution of the nanofibers in PBS within seconds. In vitro studies demonstrated that PBNFs promoted cell viability and proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, resulting in a more balanced and controlled biological response compared to free postbiotics or PNF, without inducing cytotoxic effects. qPCR analysis demonstrated a coordinated modulation of extracellular matrix-related genes, characterized by decreased MMP1 and increased COL1A1 expression in PBNF groups, while IL6 levels remained stable. Conclusion: PBNF produced by PG represents a biocompatible, fast-disintegrating, and effective topical delivery system with strong potential for use in under-eye cosmetics and regenerative applications.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

There is no Supporting Institution in this study.

Ethical Statement

There is no Ethical Statement in this study.

Thanks

We would like to thank the owner of Shymeriae Biotechnology, Leyla Tarhan Celebi, for providing postbiotics to our study.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Basic Pharmacology, Nanomedicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Muhammet Sait Toprak
0000-0002-5102-6599
Türkiye

Ece Guler
0000-0002-7823-7425
Türkiye

Hümeyra Betül Yekeler
0000-0002-1904-5706
Türkiye

Gülsüm Ercan
0009-0001-5484-6648
Türkiye

Deniz Baybağ
0009-0005-3971-7345
Türkiye

Aleyna Çavdar
0000-0002-1835-8911
Türkiye

Nedim Can Çevik This is me
0000-0002-8340-7185
Türkiye

Muhammet Emin Çam ^*
0000-0001-5398-6801
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 27, 2026

Submission Date

January 17, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1865602

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57LB44ZM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Toprak, M. S., Guler, E., Yekeler, H. B., Ercan, G., Baybağ, D., Çavdar, A., Çevik, N. C., & Çam, M. E. (2026). Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 7(2), 391-400. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1865602

AMA

1.Toprak MS, Guler E, Yekeler HB, et al. Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(2):391-400. doi:10.47582/jompac.1865602

Chicago

Toprak, Muhammet Sait, Ece Guler, Hümeyra Betül Yekeler, et al. 2026. “Fast-Disintegrating Under-Eye Mask: Postbiotic-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers for Anti-Aging and Hydration Application”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 (2): 391-400. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1865602.

EndNote

Toprak MS, Guler E, Yekeler HB, Ercan G, Baybağ D, Çavdar A, Çevik NC, Çam ME (March 1, 2026) Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 2 391–400.

IEEE

[1]M. S. Toprak et al., “Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 391–400, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.47582/jompac.1865602.

ISNAD

Toprak, Muhammet Sait - Guler, Ece - Yekeler, Hümeyra Betül - Ercan, Gülsüm - Baybağ, Deniz - Çavdar, Aleyna - Çevik, Nedim Can - Çam, Muhammet Emin. “Fast-Disintegrating Under-Eye Mask: Postbiotic-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers for Anti-Aging and Hydration Application”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7/2 (March 1, 2026): 391-400. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1865602.

JAMA

1.Toprak MS, Guler E, Yekeler HB, Ercan G, Baybağ D, Çavdar A, Çevik NC, Çam ME. Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7:391–400.

MLA

Toprak, Muhammet Sait, et al. “Fast-Disintegrating Under-Eye Mask: Postbiotic-Loaded Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofibers for Anti-Aging and Hydration Application”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 391-00, doi:10.47582/jompac.1865602.

Vancouver

1.Muhammet Sait Toprak, Ece Guler, Hümeyra Betül Yekeler, Gülsüm Ercan, Deniz Baybağ, Aleyna Çavdar, Nedim Can Çevik, Muhammet Emin Çam. Fast-disintegrating under-eye mask: postbiotic-loaded polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers for anti-aging and hydration application. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026 Mar. 1;7(2):391-400. doi:10.47582/jompac.1865602