Solution Ideality and Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Nonelectrolyte Solutions
Abstract
Mathematical expressions are provided for the molar volume, density, molar isentropic compressibility, molar isentropic compression, isobaric molar heat capacity, molar isobaric expansivity, speed of sound, and the acoustic impedance of an ideal solution, as well as expressions for calculating the corresponding excess thermodynamic and physicochemical quantities. The calculation of excess quantities of select thermodynamic properties is discussed, and examples are provided from the published chemical and engineering literature showing common mistakes that authors have made due to calculation errors or an incorrect definition of solution ideality. Methods are provided for several of the thermodynamic quantities considered in this study that will enable researchers to check for internal consistency between calculated excess and partial molar quantities of the individual mixture components.
Keywords
- Partial molar properties
- Excess partial molar properties
- Expressions for ideal solutions
- Deviation quantities for physicochemical properties
Project Number
Ethical Statement
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Solution Chemistry
Journal Section
Review
Authors
William Acree
*
0000-0002-6083-1223
United States
Publication Date
August 25, 2026
Submission Date
August 18, 2025
Acceptance Date
June 23, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 2026 Number: 2
