Research Article

Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode

Volume: 2026 Number: 2 August 13, 2026

Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode

Abstract

As dopamine is an important neurotransmitter involved in neural signaling and certain diseases, it is crucial to detect it in patients to regulate bodily functions. In this study, novel S-doped, P-doped, and S,P-co-doped graphene oxide pencil graphite electrodes were prepared in a single step via the chronoamperometric method for use in a dopamine sensor. The anodic oxidation potentials of dopamine, uric acid, and caffeine were observed to be distinct from one another in the presence of the others by the fabricated S,P-co-doped GO/PGE. This enables its use as a new electrochemical sensor for the selective determination of DA, UA, and CAF. In a 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4, the oxidation current increased linearly over the concentration range from 0.01 µM to 0.001 M DA. The limit of detection (LOD) obtained by DPV was 14.5 nM, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 48.5 nM. The applicability of the fabricated S,P-co-doped GO/PGE electrode was successfully demonstrated in the determination of DA in commercial pharmaceutical samples. Promising results were observed, with a recovery range of 100–105%, indicating that this could be a valuable platform for developing additional enzyme-free electrochemical sensors.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electroanalytical Chemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 13, 2026

Submission Date

October 4, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 2026 Number: 2

APA
Koçyiğit, N. (2026). Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 2026(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1797111
AMA
1.Koçyiğit N. Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode. JOTCSA. 2026;2026(2):1-24. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1797111
Chicago
Koçyiğit, Nilüfer. 2026. “Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine With One-Step Chronoamperometric Synthesis of Sulfur and Phosphorus Co-Doped Graphene Oxide-Based Electrode”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 2026 (2): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1797111.
EndNote
Koçyiğit N (August 1, 2026) Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 2026 2 1–24.
IEEE
[1]N. Koçyiğit, “Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode”, JOTCSA, vol. 2026, no. 2, pp. 1–24, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.18596/jotcsa.1797111.
ISNAD
Koçyiğit, Nilüfer. “Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine With One-Step Chronoamperometric Synthesis of Sulfur and Phosphorus Co-Doped Graphene Oxide-Based Electrode”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 2026/2 (August 1, 2026): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1797111.
JAMA
1.Koçyiğit N. Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode. JOTCSA. 2026;2026:1–24.
MLA
Koçyiğit, Nilüfer. “Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine With One-Step Chronoamperometric Synthesis of Sulfur and Phosphorus Co-Doped Graphene Oxide-Based Electrode”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, vol. 2026, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 1-24, doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1797111.
Vancouver
1.Nilüfer Koçyiğit. Sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of dopamine with one-step chronoamperometric synthesis of sulfur and phosphorus co-doped graphene oxide-based electrode. JOTCSA. 2026 Aug. 1;2026(2):1-24. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1797111