Comparative studies on anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of some Achillea species from the Turkish flora

Abstract

This study aimed to determine antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extracts of Achillea crithmifolia Waldst. & Kit. (AC), A. millefolium L. (AM), A. nobilis subsp. neilreichii (A.Kern.) Velen. (AN), A. setacea Waldst. & Kit. (AS) and A. wilhelmsii K. Koch (AW) species which grow naturally in Türkiye. DPPH/ABTS radicals scavenging, α-glucosidase inhibition and anti 5-lipoxygenase methods were used to determine for antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities, respectively. The total phenol content of the extracts was calculated using Folin-Ciocalteau solution and the highest phenol content was found in AC methanol extract (ACM) (56.71 mg GAE/g). In DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity assays, ACM showed the highest antioxidant activity according to IC50 values (54.85 and 79.77 μg/mL, respectively). According to the results of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test, AN methanol extract (ANM) with an IC50 value of 245.50 μg/mL showed a better activity than acarbose (261.7 μg/mL) by inhibiting the enzyme. As a result of anti-inflammatory activity, it was observed that ACM had the highest activity (90.30 μg/mL). Therefore, ACM, which has the best antioxidant, anti 5-lipoxygenase activity and the second best value close to the standard in terms of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, was fractionated with 3 different solvents (hexane-ACH, chloroform-ACC and ethyl acetate-ACEA). Biological activity studies were repeated on these fractions. The ACH fraction showed the best anti-inflammatory activity while the ACEA fraction showed the best antidiabetic activity. The biological activities of five Achillea species were not examined before by comparing with each other. In addition, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity studies on A. crithmifolia were conducted for the first time.

Keywords

• Achillea crithmifolia
• Anti 5-lipoxygenase
• α-glucosidase inhibition
• Anti-inflammatory
• Antidiabetic

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