Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation

Mustafa Doğan; Murat Ozan

doi:10.56639/jsar.1758907

Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine pre-service teachers’ levels of psychological maladjustment (depression, anxiety, stress), cognitive flexibility, and psychological well-being in relation to various demographic variables and their participation in sports. Method: The study was conducted during the 2023–2024 academic year with a total of 815 pre-service teachers—522 females and 293 males—studying at Atatürk University's Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education and Faculty of Sports Sciences. The research employed a correlational survey model. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. For data analysis, Independent Samples t-Test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Findings: Pre-service teachers who engage in sports were found to have higher levels of psychological well-being and cognitive flexibility, and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those who do not engage in sports. Significant negative correlations were found between psychological maladjustment and both cognitive flexibility and psychological well-being. A significant positive correlation was also found between psychological well-being and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion: The findings indicate that regular physical activity plays an important role in supporting the psychological resilience of pre-service teachers. It was concluded that individuals with high cognitive flexibility also tend to have higher levels of psychological well-being and lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

This article is derived from a master's thesis.

Thanks

The language editing of this manuscript was assisted by artificial intelligence tools.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sport and Exercise Psychology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mustafa Doğan
0009-0009-9337-5285
Türkiye

Murat Ozan ^*
0000-0003-3818-4637
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

December 15, 2025

Publication Date

December 30, 2025

Submission Date

August 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 10, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 7 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1758907

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55BL57KF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Doğan, M., & Ozan, M. (2025). Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, 7(4), 667-679. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1758907

AMA

1.Doğan M, Ozan M. Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation. JSAR. 2025;7(4):667-679. doi:10.56639/jsar.1758907

Chicago

Doğan, Mustafa, and Murat Ozan. 2025. “Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation”. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation 7 (4): 667-79. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1758907.

EndNote

Doğan M, Ozan M (December 1, 2025) Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation 7 4 667–679.

IEEE

[1]M. Doğan and M. Ozan, “Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation”, JSAR, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 667–679, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.56639/jsar.1758907.

ISNAD

Doğan, Mustafa - Ozan, Murat. “Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation”. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation 7/4 (December 1, 2025): 667-679. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1758907.

JAMA

1.Doğan M, Ozan M. Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation. JSAR. 2025;7:667–679.

MLA

Doğan, Mustafa, and Murat Ozan. “Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation”. Journal of Sport for All and Recreation, vol. 7, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 667-79, doi:10.56639/jsar.1758907.

Vancouver

1.Mustafa Doğan, Murat Ozan. Examination of Psychological Maladjustment, Cognitive Flexibility, and Psychological Well-Being Levels in Teacher Candidates According to Sports Participation. JSAR. 2025 Dec. 1;7(4):667-79. doi:10.56639/jsar.1758907